Primary bipolar hemiprosthesis for unstable intertrochanteric fractures

Between 1997 and 2001 we treated 54 elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures by primary hemiarthroplasty using a cemented bipolar prosthesis. Mean patient age was 75.6 (64-91) years and mean follow-up was 22.3 (5-48) months. Seven patients died before the fourth post-operative month. Thirty-three patients were able to walk with a walker in the first post-operative week. There were no dislocations or aseptic loosening. One deep infection was encountered after 1 year. Acetabular erosion was seen in one patient and non-union of the greater trochanter was seen in four. Five patients experienced leg-length discrepancy. We obtained 17 excellent and 14 good results after 12 months according to the Harris hip-scoring system. We observed that the inner motion of the bipolar head decreased over time.     

股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗老年不稳定股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨采用闭合复位股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)治疗老年不稳定股骨转子间骨折的临床效果。方法对117例老年不稳定股骨转子间骨折采用闭合复位、小切口PFNA内固定治疗。统计手术时间、术中出血量、围手术期隐性失血量与输血量,分析手术相关并发症。结果手术时间30～90(50±10)min;术中显性失血量50～210(85±15)ml,40例术后输少浆RBC 2～4U。99例获得解剖复位。114例获得随访(死亡3例),时间6～16个月,骨折全部愈合。髋关节Harris评分:优102例,良5例,差7例,优良率为93.8%。结论闭合复位PFNA内固定治疗老年不稳定股骨转子间骨折固定牢靠,并发症少,疗效满意。     

亚洲型髓内髋部螺钉治疗不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的初步报告

目的 探讨亚洲型髓内髋部螺钉(IMHS)治疗股骨转子间骨折的初步疗效.方法 2008年6月至2009年3月采用亚洲型IMHS治疗52例股骨转子间骨折患者,男24例,女28例;年龄52～83岁(平均70.4岁).按改良Evan分型:ⅡA型14例,ⅡB型25例;Ⅲ型13例.受伤至手术时间为2～7 d,平均3.6 d.分析患者的手术时间、术中出血量、随访骨折愈合情况,采用Harris髋关节评分评估患髋功能.结果 手术时间为30～65 min,平均42 min;术中出血量为50-100 mL.1例于术后5 d死亡.49例患者术后获7～12个月(平均9个月)随访.骨折均获愈合,愈合时间为3～5个月[平均(3.8±0.8)个月].1例出现头钉切出,1例出现远端锁钉处劈裂.按Harris髋关节评分标准评定疗效:优27例,良20例,可2例,优良率为95.9%.结论 亚洲型IMHS结合了动力髋螺钉折端加压的优点及髓内固定微创且符合力学固定的优点,操作简单,适应证广,是治疗不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的较好方法.     

Use of a modified IMHS for unstable intertrochanteric fractures

The treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly osteopenic patients, especially those who cannot follow limited weight bearing instructions, is controversial. Recent publications indicate concern with excessive sliding of telescoping nail or sliding screw devices when used in these unstable intertrochanteric fractures. In our experience with the use of intramedullary hip screw (IMHS) in these fracture patterns, we have observed excessive sliding and collapse of the fracture in some patients. We modified the keyed centering sleeve by threading its internal distal third and substituted the compression screw with a custom bolt to obtain restricted sliding or rigid fixation depending on the gap between the lag screw and custom bolt. We used this modified system in static configuration to treat five patients who had an unstable intertrochanteric fracture of the femur. The length of the involved limb measured at the time of consolidation showed no shortening. In view of these results, intertrochanteric hip fractures that are unstable in patients with poor bone-stock can be fixed using the modified IMHS in a static or controlled sliding configuration. Received: 4 February 2002/Accepted: 18 March 2002     

A reinforced rigid fixation device for unstable intertrochanteric fractures

A 120 degrees blade plate reinforced by a strut is introduced for the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric and proximal subtrochanteric fractures. Mechanical tests showed that the strength of this reinforced resistance device was 11,758 N. This strength is two and three times greater than that of the Gamma nail and sliding hip screw, respectively, and five times greater with the strut than without it. Three hundred fifty-eight patients older than 60 years of age were treated with this method between 1987 and 1991 (mean followup, 16 months). Six months after surgery the fracture had united in 82% of the patients who were walking without aid or using only a cane. Weightbearing began when the patient's general overall condition allowed such activity (average, 5 days; mode, 3 days). A chi squared test showed no difference regarding the results between stable and unstable fractures. Intraoperative and postoperative complication rates were 3% and 7.1%, respectively. The failure of fixation rate was 5.4%. Mechanical tests and clinical results showed that immediate weightbearing can be allowed in all types of intertrochanteric fractures. This reinforced device is effective in treating unstable intertrochanteric fractures and is especially indicated for the most unstable types (Evans' Grades 4 and 5).     

人工股骨头置换治疗老年不稳定性股骨转子间骨折近期疗效

目的探讨人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨转子间不稳定性骨折的近期疗效。方法应用人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄、有明显骨质疏松的股骨转子间不稳定性骨折患者20例。结果20例获2-24个月随访,患者术后14-35d负重行走,无坠积性肺炎、尿路感染的发生。术后X线片示假体位置良好,无下沉松动,无脱位,未出现髋内翻。Harris评分为75-92分。1例行走髋关节疼痛,1例9个月时X线片发现髋臼磨损。结论该手术方法具有功能恢复好、并发症少、能早期负重等优点,有临床上推广应用的价值,但应严格掌握其适应证。     

手术治疗高龄不稳定性股骨转子间骨折

2006年11月～2010年5月,我科手术治疗46例高龄股骨转子间骨折患者,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组46例,男31例,女15例,年龄66～90岁。均为不稳定     

自制锁定动力髋螺钉治疗不稳定股骨转子间骨折

目的 探讨自制锁定动力髋螺钉(DHS)治疗不稳定股骨转子间骨折的疗效.方法 2005年6月至2008年12月采用自制锁定DHS治疗32例不稳定股骨转子间骨折患者,男15例,女17例;平均年龄62.3岁;左侧19例,右侧13例.骨折按Evan分型:Ⅰ型3度15例,Ⅰ型4度11例;Ⅱ型6例.术后采用髋关节Harris评分标准对其疗效进行评定.结果 所有患者术后获9～15个月(平均11.6个月)随访,骨折均获愈合,愈合时间为4～8个月,平均4.2个月.发生切口局部感染1例,经简单换药后伤口愈合.术后8个月髋关节Harris评分为78～96分,平均88.5分.结论 自制锁定DHS内固定治疗不稳定股骨转子间骨折固定牢固,并发症少,可防止再移位、复位丢失及畸形愈合,术后可早期活动.     

Axial loading studies of unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur

An experimental four-part unstable intertrochanteric (IT) femoral fracture was created with either a large or small posteromedial fragment (PMF). Sixty-eight adult embalmed femoral anatomic specimens were fractured and subjected to axial loading after fixation. The maximum load prior to failure for femora from the same anatomic specimen was compared to differentiate between different methods of fixation. In the presence of the large PMF variation, anatomic reduction and fixation allowed the femur to resist an average maximum load 57% greater than identical fractures with the fragment excluded. Fixation of the small PMF increased construct strength by an average of 17% over no fixation. The PMF is the keystone to mechanical stability for IT fractures of the femur. When anatomic reduction is possible, its fixation becomes progressively more critical as its size increases.     

股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定治疗老年不稳定性股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFN-A)内固定治疗老年不稳定性股骨转子间骨折的临床效果。方法 91例不稳定性股骨转子间骨折患者在X线透视下行PFN-A内固定术。结果患者切口均一期愈合。91例均获得随访,时间8～24个月,骨折均愈合。按Harris髋关节评分标准:优67例,良16例,中6例,差2例,优良率为91.7%。1例术后1周出现肺动脉的不全性栓塞;1例术后3周猝死;2例术后8个月发现防旋刀片向后退出。结论 PFN-A内固定术治疗老年不稳定性股骨转子间骨折创伤小,术后可早期活动,临床疗效满意。     

三种不同内固定方式治疗股骨转子间不稳定型骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较动力髋螺钉(DHS)、股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)及倒置股骨远端微创内固定系统(LISS-DF)治疗股骨转子间不稳定型骨折的临床疗效.方法 对2008年1月至2010年10月收治且获得随访的42例股骨转子间不稳定型骨折患者资料进行回顾性分析,男23例,女19例;平均年龄为66.3岁(19 ～96岁).根据内固定方式不同分为3组:DHS组20例,PFNA组16例,倒置LISS-DF组6例.3组患者术前一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0 05),具有可比性.比较3维患者的手术时间、术中出血量、骨折复位质量、住院时间、术后负重时间、骨折愈合时间、术后并发症发生情况及术后6个月髋关节Harris评分等. 结果 42例患者术后获6～30个月(平均18.5个月)随访.DHS组、PFNA组、倒置LISS-DF组术中出血量平均分别为(364.5±262.2)、(176.3±86.3)、(205.0±77.1)mL,术后负重时间平均分别为(25.9±6.3)、(16.7±3.5)、(23.8±4.0)d,以上项目3组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).3组患者在手术时间、骨折复位质量、住院时间、骨折禽合时间、术后6个月髋关节Harris评分及术后并发症等方面比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 PFNA是股骨转子间不稳定型骨折较适合的内固定物,当应用PFNA出现困难时,可考虑选择DHS及倒置LISS-DF进行内固定.     

PFNA治疗高龄不稳定股骨粗隆问骨折

目的探讨PFNA在高龄不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折治疗中的价值。方法对55例高龄不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折采用PFNA微创治疗,早期指导患者康复训练,Harris髋关节创伤后的功能评分标准评估治疗效果。结果对55例患者进行随访,时间36±17 w。切口及骨折均愈合良好。骨折愈合时间8±1.2 w。术中、后并发症5例。按Harris标准评定优良率为87.3%。结论 PFNA具有操作简单,固定牢固,损伤小,失血少,时间短,术中、术后并发症较低,允许患者早期活动,符合生物力学固定原则等优点,尤其适用于高龄骨质疏松不稳定的股骨粗隆间骨折。     

Locked plating versus cephalomedullary nailing of unstable intertrochanteric femur fractures

Background

Proximal femur locking plates (PFLP) have received increased attention as an alternative for the treatment of proximal femur fractures. However, recent clinical data on these implants has raised concern about higher than expected failure rates.

Question/purpose

The purpose of the present study was to compare outcomes of unstable pertrochanteric femur fractures (AO/OTA 31A3) treated at a level-1 trauma center using either PFLP or cephalomedullary nailing (CMN).

Patients and methods

Sixty-two patients (31 PFLP and 31 CMN, 55 % female, average age 63 years, range 21–94) with 64 OTA 31A3 fractures (32 PFLP and 32 CMN) treated between 2003 and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. No differences were found with regard to gender, BMI, diabetes and time to surgery.

Results

One patient (5 %) in the CMN group underwent a reoperation (debridement with hardware removal), while eight PFLP patients (25 %) did (two debridements, two hardware removals, four nonunion repairs). One mechanical failure (5 %) occurred in the CMN group and 12 (38 %) in the PFLP group (p = 0.007). One nonunion (5 %) was observed in the CMN group, while 6 (19 %) occurred in the PFLP group.

Conclusion

A higher rate of reoperation and mechanical failure can be expected for unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture when treated with PFLP than with CMN.

     

非骨水泥型人工关节置换治疗老年不稳定股骨转子间骨折

 目的 探讨非骨水泥型人工关节置换治疗老年不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的手术技术和疗效。方法 回顾性分析2003 年12 月至2011 年5 月采用非骨水泥型全涂层矩形柄行人工髋关节置换术治疗23例老年不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的资料, 男6 例, 女17 例;年龄73~95 岁, 平均77.6 岁。骨折按Evans-Jensen 分型: IIA 型2 例, IIB 型9 例, III型12 例。骨质疏松按Singh指数分级: IV级2 例, III级8 例, II级12 例, I级1 例。结果 2 例患者术中并发股骨近端再骨折, 复位后采用钛捆绑带固定骨折。1 例患者术后3 d 发生急性左心衰, 给予扩血管、强心、利尿治疗后痊愈。3 例患者发生下肢深静脉血栓, 其中1 例因合并急性肺栓塞而死亡, 另2 例经抗凝、溶栓后痊愈。22 例患者获得随访, 随访时间12~64 个月, 平均31 个月。其中3 例患者死于内科系统疾病。末次随访时3 例患者小转子骨折仍未愈合, 其中1 例患者大转子向近端移位, 患侧外展肌无力, 跛行步态, 另16 例患者骨折均愈合;无一例患者发生假体脱位、感染及松动迹象。Harris评分从术前平均(33.11±6.58)分, 提高到末次随访时平均(87.12±5.05)分;其中优6 例, 良8 例, 可4 例, 差1 例, 优良率为74豫(14/19)。结论 非骨水泥型全涂层矩形柄人工髋关节置换治疗老年不稳定型股骨转子间骨折近期效果良好。     

Avascular necrosis of femoral head after gamma-nailing for unstable intertrochanteric fractures

We reported on 7 cases of avascular necrosis ¶of the femoral head after treatment of an unstable intertrochanteric fracture with the Asian Pacific gamma-nail. The incidence was about 1.16% (7 of 604) in our series. Good reduction and good implant position were achieved in all 7 men. Avascular necrosis was found about 6 months to 3 years after the initial operation, and all the fractures were solidly united at the final diagnosis. The possible etiologies were initial high energy trauma and combining basal neck fracture and iatrogenic damage of the blood supply to the femoral head.