长骨纤维结构不良的CT及MRI诊断分析

目的探讨CT及MRI对长骨纤维结构不良的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的21例长骨纤维结构不良患者。所有患者均行CT平扫,MRI平扫及增强扫描19例。结果单骨型20例,其中股骨11例,胫骨4例,肱骨3例,尺骨及腓骨各1例;多骨型1例,同时累及同侧股骨及胫骨。CT表现呈磨玻璃样改变11例,囊状膨胀透亮改变8例,丝瓜络样改变2例。对照CT,呈磨玻璃样改变时MRI上T1WI呈等、稍低信号,T2WI呈不均匀等、稍高信号;呈囊状膨胀透亮改变时,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈明亮高信号;呈丝瓜络样改变时,T1WI呈不均匀稍低信号,T2WI呈不均匀稍高信号;增强后呈不同程度边缘或片状不均匀强化。结论 CT可显示长骨纤维结构不良的病变范围及细节等,MRI有助于反映病变组织成分,CT结合MRI在纤维结构不良的诊断及鉴别诊断中有重要价值。     

骨良性纤维组织细胞瘤的影像诊断分析

目的探讨骨良性纤维组织细胞瘤(BFH)的影像学表现及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的16例(男9例,女7例)BFH患者,其中股骨7例,胫骨4例,肱骨1例,桡骨1例,髂骨2例,腰椎1例。X线平片检查16例,CT平扫8例,MRI平扫及增强检查13例。结果影像学表现为膨胀性骨质破坏,病灶边界清楚,所有病灶均未见骨膜反应及周围软组织肿块形成。X线示灶周硬化12例,病灶内呈磨玻璃样改变9例。CT示病变密度不均匀,呈与肌肉密度相仿的软组织密度影,灶内见骨性分隔及骨嵴5例,骨皮质中断2例。MRI示病灶T1WI呈等低信号,T2WI呈不均匀高信号或等低信号,增强后不均匀强化。MRI表现各异由病理组织成分不同所决定。结论 BFH的影像学表现具有一定特征,有助于该病的正确诊断及鉴别诊断。     

长骨血管瘤的影像诊断

目的 分析长骨血管瘤的影像特征,旨在提高其诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的18例长骨血管瘤患者的X线平片(14例)、CT(9例)及MRI(6例).结果 18例长骨血管瘤中髓型10例、骨膜型5例、皮质内型3例.X线表现:髓型8例,其中3例表现为典型的蜂窝状,3例为溶骨性病灶周围骨质硬化明显,单纯溶骨、毛玻璃样密度各1例;骨膜型3例,表现为骨皮质增厚、硬化;皮质内型3例,表现为边界清晰的溶骨性病灶.CT表现:髓型6例,表现为溶骨膨胀型病灶5例,其中3例可见薄厚不一的硬化边,蜂窝状骨嵴影2例,骨皮质呈筛孔状1例,垂直于骨皮质的放射状骨膜增生2例;毛玻璃样密度1例.2例骨膜型表现为骨皮质均匀增厚1例,不规则骨膜增厚1例,局部髓腔狭窄消失.1例皮质内病变表现为病灶呈均匀软组织密度,局部皮质膨胀、增厚.MRI表现:2例显示髓腔内斑片状T1WI稍低信号,T2WI均呈稍高信号,边界清晰;1例T1WI及T2WI均呈等或稍低信号,病灶与正常组织分界不清;1例显示病灶突破局部骨皮质,肿物向外突出,外突肿物及相连髓腔部分T1WI呈稍低信号,T2WI呈高信号;2例显示骨膜增厚,其中1例呈等信号,1例无信号;2例周围肌肉组织内可见不均匀斑片状长T2信号,T1WI与肌肉组织呈等信号.结论 长骨血管瘤的囊性蜂窝状X线表现较为特征型;CT及MRI有助于长骨血管瘤的诊断.     

长骨血管瘤的影像诊断

目的 分析长骨血管瘤的影像特征,旨在提高其诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的18例长骨血管瘤患者的X线平片(14例)、CT(9例)及MRI(6例).结果 18例长骨血管瘤中髓型10例、骨膜型5例、皮质内型3例.X线表现:髓型8例,其中3例表现为典型的蜂窝状,3例为溶骨性病灶周围骨质硬化明显,单纯溶骨、毛玻璃样密度各1例;骨膜型3例,表现为骨皮质增厚、硬化;皮质内型3例,表现为边界清晰的溶骨性病灶.CT表现:髓型6例,表现为溶骨膨胀型病灶5例,其中3例可见薄厚不一的硬化边,蜂窝状骨嵴影2例,骨皮质呈筛孔状1例,垂直于骨皮质的放射状骨膜增生2例;毛玻璃样密度1例.2例骨膜型表现为骨皮质均匀增厚1例,不规则骨膜增厚1例,局部髓腔狭窄消失.1例皮质内病变表现为病灶呈均匀软组织密度,局部皮质膨胀、增厚.MRI表现:2例显示髓腔内斑片状T1WI稍低信号,T2WI均呈稍高信号,边界清晰;1例T1WI及T2WI均呈等或稍低信号,病灶与正常组织分界不清;1例显示病灶突破局部骨皮质,肿物向外突出,外突肿物及相连髓腔部分T1WI呈稍低信号,T2WI呈高信号;2例显示骨膜增厚,其中1例呈等信号,1例无信号;2例周围肌肉组织内可见不均匀斑片状长T2信号,T1WI与肌肉组织呈等信号.结论 长骨血管瘤的囊性蜂窝状X线表现较为特征型;CT及MRI有助于长骨血管瘤的诊断.     

颅骨少见良性病变的影像诊断分析

【摘要】 目的：探讨CT及MRI对颅骨良性病变的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析13例以骨质破坏为主的颅骨良性病变的CT及MRI表现,并与其病理表现进行对照分析。结果:13例中骨纤维结构不良6例,主要CT表现为局限性小病灶（5例）多呈磨玻璃密度,弥漫性病灶（1例）可见磨玻璃密度及丝瓜络样改变;主要MRI表现为病灶在T1WI及T2WI上均以低信号为主;骨化性纤维瘤3例,主要CT表现为肿瘤呈膨胀性生长,骨皮质破坏不明显,无骨膜反应;巨细胞修复性肉芽肿2例,主要CT表现为病灶内可见多发骨性分隔,MRI上可见病灶呈多房样改变;胆固醇性肉芽肿1例,在T1WI、T2WI及压脂图像上病灶均呈高信号,有一定特征性;动脉瘤样骨囊肿1例,其特征性影像表现为病灶内可见液 液平面。结论：部分颅骨良性病变具有特征性的影像学表现,CT及MRI检查有助于这类病变的诊断及鉴别诊断。     

长骨纤维结构不良的MRI诊断

目的 探讨长骨纤维结构不良的MRI表现特点.方法 回顾分析16例经手术病理证实的长骨纤维结构不良患者的MRI影像资料.结果 与周围正常肌肉信号相比,病变在T1WI表现为均匀等信号4例,等信号为主的等、低混杂信号8例,均匀低信号3例;T2WI显示较均匀高信号3例,不均匀中等信号5例,中等信号为主的等、高混杂信号7例;1例在T1WI及T2WI均显示为均匀低信号.4例可见病灶内线样分隔,分隔在T1WI、T2WI均表现为低信号.注射Gd-DTPA增强扫描,病灶可表现为边缘强化、斑片状强化或不均匀强化.结论 纤维结构不良的MRI表现与病灶内不同病理组织成分相关,且MRI能够提供更全面的影像学信息.     

有诱因性和无诱因性骨梗死X线和磁共振成像表现的探讨

目的 探讨有无诱因性骨梗死的X线和磁共振成像(MRI)表现.方法 回顾性分析经临床MRI随访或手术病理证实的16例骨梗死患者的临床X线和MRI资料,分析其表现.所有患者均同期行X线片和MRI检查,二者检查间隔时间＜7 d.结果 6例骨梗死累及24个骨骼,包括肱骨2个、股骨14个和胫骨8个.临床上有大量激素应用史9例25灶,在MRI上T1WI和T2WI均表现为环状低信号带围绕的不同信号坏死区,相应X线片上19灶表现正常,6灶表现为地图状或环状骨质硬化.无明显诱因性骨梗死7例7灶,在MRI上T1WI呈不均匀低或等信号,T2WI呈低高混杂信号,周围绕环状低信号带,相应X线片上表现为局限性环状或地图状骨质硬化区.结论 有无诱因性骨梗死患者就诊时因所处的骨坏死时期不同,相应X线片和MRI表现也有所不同.     

掌指骨原发血管瘤的影像学表现

目的探讨掌指骨原发血管瘤的影像学特征,旨在提高对该病的认识和诊断正确率。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的9例掌指骨血管瘤患者的X线平片(9例)及MRI(1例)表现。结果 9例掌指骨血管瘤中髓型7例、骨膜型1例、皮质内型1例。髓型X线表现为典型的骨小梁稀疏、粗大,网格状或蜂窝状骨纹,略膨胀。骨膜型X线表现为皮质不规则增厚、边缘毛糙、见放射状骨膜新生骨,髓腔变窄。皮质内型X线表现为边界清晰的骨质破坏区,边缘轻度硬化;MRI表现为T1WI稍低信号,T2WI高信号,并夹杂少许T1WI及T2WI低信号,病灶突破骨皮质,形成软组织肿块,软组织肿块呈T1WI稍低信号,T2WI高信号,信号欠均匀,临近软组织内可见迂曲血管影。结论掌指骨原发血管瘤的典型表现为骨小梁稀疏、粗大,网格状或蜂窝状骨纹,骨质略膨胀,MRI有助于显示病灶范围、内部成分及引流血管。     

骨梗死的X线、CT和MRI诊断

目的探讨骨梗死的影像学表现.材料和方法对10例累及28处骨骼的骨梗死患者行X线、CT及MRI检查,将骨梗死分为早、中、晚期,分析其影像学特征.结果病变主要累及股骨下段和胫骨上段,多双侧发病.骨梗死早、中期X线、CT表现为阴性和局部的骨质疏松及斑点状钙化,MRI表现为病变中心T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈等或稍高信号,病灶边缘呈典型的地图样改变.晚期X线及CT呈不规则状、蜿蜒状骨质硬化,MRI T1WI及T2WI均呈低信号.结论MRI检查是诊断早、中期骨梗死最有效的方法,优于X线平片和CT;在晚期,X线平片和CT、MRI均有特征性表现,三者相结合可提高诊断准确率.     

软骨肉瘤的影像诊断与鉴别诊断

目的:探讨软骨肉瘤的影像学表现,提高对本病诊断的准确性。方法:回顾性分析25例经手术病理证实的软骨肉瘤的X线、CT和MRI资料。结果:25例软骨肉瘤中原发23例,其中普通型20例,去分化型、黏液型及透明细胞型各1例;继发2例。X线及CT表现:原发的23例中溶骨性骨破坏5例,混合性骨破坏18例,形成软组织肿块20例,其中表现为低密度19例,等密度1例。20例普通型及1例黏液型见散在钙化。MRI表现:普通型软骨肉瘤T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈等或稍高信号;黏液型T1WI呈等、低混杂信号,T2WI呈稍高、低的混杂信号,钙化T2WI呈低信号;透明细胞型病例T1WI及T2WI呈近乎等信号;去分化型T1WI呈等低混杂信号,T2WI呈不均匀高信号。6例普通型及1例继发型出现环形、间隔样中等-明显强化,黏液型及去分化型呈不均匀中等-明显强化。结论:普通X线及CT是软骨肉瘤影像诊断及鉴别诊断的主要手段,MRI显示软骨信号为重要提示。MRI显示病变范围更为清楚、准确,为临床治疗提供可靠依据。     

骨纤维异常增殖症的影像学诊断

目的：进一步探讨骨纤维异常增殖症（FDB）的平片、CT、MRI及ECT的表现及诊断价值。方法：对经手术或活检证实的37例患的平片、CT、MR及ECT进行回顾性分析。结果：FDB表现为膨胀性骨质破坏或玻璃样密度，破坏区为不同程度的骨质增生、钙化、囊变、出血，累及骨骺或骺软骨，可引起患肢缩短。结论：大多数FDB具有较典型的影像学表现。CT检查在FDB的诊断和鉴别诊断中有重要价值。     

Mastocytosis: magnetic resonance imaging patterns of marrow disease

Objective. To report the bone marrow MRI findings of patients with mastocytosis and correlate them with clinical, pathologic, and radiographic features. Design and patients. Eighteen patients with mastocytosis had T1-weighted spin echo and short tau inversion recovery MRI of the pelvis at 0.5 T. In each patient the MR pattern of marrow disease was classified according to intensity and uniformity and was correlated with the clinical category of mastocytosis, bone marrow biopsy results, and radiographic findings. Results. Two patients had normal MRI scans and normal bone marrow biopsies. One patient had a normal MRI scan and a marrow biopsy consistent with mastocytosis. Fifteen patients had abnormal MRI scans and abnormal marrow biopsies. There were several different MR patterns of marrow involvement; none was specifically associated with any given clinical category of mastocytosis. Fifteen of the 18 patients had radiographs of the pelvis; of those, 13 with abnormal MRI scans and abnormal marrow biopsies had the following radiographic findings: normal (nine); sclerosis (three); diffuse osteopenia (one). Conclusion. While radiographs are very insensitive for the detection of marrow abnormalities in mastocytosis, MRI is very sensitive and may display several different patterns of marrow involvement.     

Phalangeal microgeodic disease: report of two cases and review of imaging

Phalangeal microgeodic disease is a rare disease that is frequently (though not invariably) related to cold exposure. In most cases, the clinical and radiographic findings of phalangeal microgeodic disease are sufficient to reach the diagnosis. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of phalangeal microgeodic disease have been described in four cases in the English literature with two additional cases presented here. MRI allows a greater appreciation of affected bone areas and adds specificity to radiography with regard to diagnosis. In this sense, MRI is a helpful investigation in those cases of phalangeal microgeodic disease when doubt still exists following clinical and radiographic assessment.     

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. Contribution of magnetic resonance

An attempt was made to establish Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) diagnostic criteria for the study of the reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS). Five patients with hip and knee pain were studied. The radiographic pattern was "positive" only in two patients, while radionuclide studies showed increased activity in the painful joint in all; only in three cases Computed Tomography was performed. In all patients MRI demonstrates the lesions and defines their extension. MRI allows a differential diagnosis between RSDS and other bone lesions such as osteonecrosis and tumors. The relation between anatomopathological findings of RSDS and MRI features is discussed. MRI proved to be a reliable technique in showing and characterizing RSDS better than radiographic examination (often "negative" in early phases), and radionuclide study (a sensitive but not specific technique).     

Magnetic resonance imaging of osteonecrosis in divers: comparison with plain radiographs

Objective. To assess the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as compared with radiographic findings in osteonecrosis in divers. Design and patients. MRI scans and conventional radiographs of the shoulder, hip and knee joints of 23 professional male scuba divers were reviewed together with their clinical findings and personal histories. Correlations between the MRI findings and the radiographic evaluation, clinical symptoms, and personal history were then investigated. Results and conclusions. Lesions found on MRI in 23 divers included 27 in 39 proximal humeri, 17 in 36 proximal femora, 13 in 32 distal femora, and 12 in 32 proximal tibiae. Diffuse, marginated, or irregular patterns were observed. No lesions were seen in epiphyses of the distal femur or proximal tibia. We tried to classify these MRI findings by location and appearance. MRI showed no patients with only one affected bone. A close correlation between the MRI findings and maximum diving depth was observed in the proximal humerus. MRI depicted bone lesions that could not be detected on the radiographs. A routine MRI investigation of the hip joints should be performed in every diver in whom osteonecrosis is diagnosed at another site, for early detection of femoral head osteonecrosis. MRI of the shoulder joint is also the best surveillance in divers who dive deeper than 15?m.     

Prevalence and patterns of occult hip fractures and mimics revealed by MRI

OBJECTIVE: The diagnosis of hip fractures can be difficult on radiography alone. MRI is frequently used to confirm or deny the presence of a minimally displaced hip fracture. This study evaluates the patterns of injury seen on MRI that are difficult to diagnose on radiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRIs of 73 patients who were examined for possible hip fractures and whose radiographic findings were negative or equivocal for hip fracture were reviewed. Seventy-six studies were performed in 73 patients who were between 24 and 102 years old. MRIs were evaluated for the presence and location of bone or soft-tissue injury. Muscle injuries were categorized on the basis of location and type of injury. RESULTS: Forty-six percent (35/76) of the studies showed subtle fractures. Seventeen fractures were in the proximal femur and 18 in the innominate bone. Soft-tissue abnormalities were common, found in 65% of the studies. Twenty percent of the MRI findings were considered normal because there was no apparent finding on the images to explain the patients' symptoms. CONCLUSION: Soft-tissue abnormalities are commonly seen alone or in association with subtle fractures on MRI in the evaluation of patients with a clinical suspicion of hip fracture. MRI is recommended for all symptomatic patients whose radiographic findings are negative for hip fracture.     

Radiographic and computed tomographic findings in hydatid disease of bone

Twenty-six patients with hydatid disease of bone were evaluated by means of radiography and conventional tomography. Fourteen patients underwent high resolution computed tomography (CT). In two patients with vertebral disease, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination was also performed. Seventeen patients underwent surgery with histological examination in all. Based on the surgical data and gross examination of the specimen, the radiographic and CT findings have been reviewed to identify the most characteristic radiographic features and to assess the role of CT. Radiographic findings of hydatidosis are rarely typical in bone, and only in a few patients can CT contribute to the diagnosis. On the other hand, the local extension of the lesion both in bone and in soft tissues, which is essential in planning surgery, is always demonstrated well by CT.     

Bone marrow edema pattern in advanced hip osteoarthritis: quantitative assessment with magnetic resonance imaging and correlation with clinical examination, radiographic findings, and histopathology

Objective To correlate the amount of bone marrow edema (BME) calculated by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) with clinical findings, histopathology, and radiographic findings, in patients with advanced hip osteoarthritis(OA). Materials and methods The study was approved by The Institutional Human Subject Protection Committee. Coronal MRI of hips was acquired in 19 patients who underwent hip replacement. A spin echo (SE) sequence with four echoes and separate fast spin echo (FSE) proton density (PD)-weighted SE sequences of fat (F) and water (W) were acquired with water and fat suppression, respectively. T2 and water:fat ratio calculations were made for the outlined regions of interest. The calculated MRI values were correlated with the clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic findings. Results Analyses of variance were done on the MRI data for W/(W + F) and for T2 values (total and focal values) for the symptomatic and contralateral hips. The values were significantly higher in the study group. Statistically significant correlations were found between pain and total W/(W + F), pain and focal T2 values, and the number of microfractures and calculated BME for the focal W/(W + F) in the proximal femora. Statistically significant correlations were found between the radiographic findings and MRI values for total W/(W + F), focal W/(W + F) and focal T2 and among the radiographic findings, pain, and hip movement. On histopathology, only a small amount of BME was seen in eight proximal femora. Conclusion The amount of BME in the OA hip, as measured by MRI, correlates with the severity of pain, radiographic findings, and number of microfractures.     

骨纤维异常增殖症环形硬化边的影像学分析

目的探讨骨纤维异常增殖症(fibrous dysplasia of bone,FDB)病灶周边环形硬化的影像学表现及其诊断价值。资料与方法搜集本院2001年至2007年经临床手术和病理证实的FDB病例62例,其中有环形硬化边者17例(占27.4%)。17例均行X线平片检查,15例行CT检查,2例行MRI检查。分析环形硬化边的特点,其中1例行影像学与组织病理对照分析。结果FDB有环形硬化边者17例,全部为单发;其中股骨颈及粗隆间13例,股骨远端1例,髂骨3例。X线平片和CT像上病灶均有较完整的环形硬化边,其厚度不均匀;病灶内密度也不均匀;环形硬化边在T1WI与T2WI上均表现为低信号。环形硬化边对应的组织学表现为成熟骨组织。结论FDB病灶周围环形硬化边具有一定的特征性,有助于其诊断和鉴别诊断。     

Intraosseous epidermal cyst of the distal phalanx of the thumb: radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings

We report conventional radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of an intraosseous epidermal cyst of the distal phalanx of the right thumb in a 39-year-old man. Conventional radiographs showed a sharply well-circumscribed osteolytic lesion of the distal phalanx with interruption of its tip. The osteolytic lesion itself showed low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images without contrast enhancement. However, the soft tissues surrounding the osteolytic lesion demonstrated contrast enhancement on MRI. The combined conventional radiographic and MRI findings suggested the diagnosis of intraosseous epidermal cyst rather than enchondroma, giant cell tumor, intraosseous glomus tumor, aneurysmal bone cyst, or simple bone cyst.