DeBakey Ⅰ型急性主动脉夹层围术期处理策略

目的 总结DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层围术期处理要点.方法纳入2004年2月-2008年1月解放军总医院完成DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层急诊手术的19例患者,其中男16例,女3例,年龄43.6±9.4岁.全部替换升主动脉,同期替换主动脉根部(Bentall)5例、主动脉瓣2例、右半弓11例、全弓6例(其中降主动脉内带膜支架4例、传统象鼻手术1例),同期行二尖瓣成形术1例.涉及主动脉弓部的手术均在深低温停循环下完成.16例经右腋动脉插管.围术期处理策略:入院后立即应用大剂量β受体阻断剂和硝普钠等将收缩压控制在90mmHg左右,2h内完成主动脉CT扫描三维重建、超声心动图、心电图、X线胸片和实验室检查等急诊术前准备.术中根据夹层和内膜破口的部位采取简便可行的手术方案,以挽救生命为第一目标.常规使用超滤以减轻水负荷和炎症反应.术毕将收缩压严格控制在90mmHg左右.术后强化镇静和呼吸机治疗,强调使用呼吸机呼气末正压(PEEP),待低氧血症纠正和肺水肿消退后方可脱离呼吸机.结果 19例患者体外循环时间215.9±73.6min,主动脉阻断时间138.2±55.7min,脑部停循环时间29.3±11.5min.呼吸机辅助通气时间156.1±112.8(11～460)h.死亡3例(15.8%);发生须行血液透析的一过性肾功能不全1例,慢性心包填塞行穿刺引流2例;发生低氧血症(氧合指数PaO_2/FiO_2≤300)10例,其中5例术前已存在低氧血症.结论 DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层手术风险大,完善的围术期处理是降低死亡率的重要保障.     

BMI联合术前氧合指数对Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后低氧血症的预测价值

目的 探讨Stanford A型主动脉夹层(TAAD)患者术后发生低氧血症的危险因素及其预测价值。方法 收集2018年1月-2021年6月南方医科大学南方医院收治的146例诊断为TAAD并接受孙氏手术的患者进行回顾性分析。根据术后24 h内的氧合指数将患者分为低氧血症组(PaO₂/FiO₂≤200 mmHg)与非低氧血症组(PaO₂/FiO₂>200 mmHg)。比较两组患者术前氧合指数、气管插管时间和院内病死率等临床结局的差异，采用多因素logistic回归分析患者术后发生低氧血症的危险因素，并利用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析各危险因素的预测价值。结果 TAAD患者术后低氧血症发生率为45.9%。与非低氧血症组比较，低氧血症组机械通气时间(P<0.001)和ICU停留时间(P=0.039)明显延长，且病死率明显增高(P=0.011)。多因素logistic回归分析显示，体重指数(BMI)高是TAAD患者术后发生低氧血症的独立危险因素(OR=1.701,P<0.001)，而术前...     

88例Stanford A型主动脉夹层外科治疗效果

目的探讨Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析自2011年1月至2016年3月青岛大学附属医院收治的88例Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者临床资料,分析患者术前、体外循环、围术期输血量、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、总住院时间及术后并发症等相关资料。结果行非全弓置换术16例为非全弓置换术组,其中,单纯升主动脉置换术7例,单纯Bentall手术9例;行全弓置换术72例为全弓置换术组,其中,升主动脉置换+孙氏手术40例,Bentall手术+孙氏手术31例,David手术+孙氏手术1例。与非全弓置换术组比较,全弓置换术组患者术中鼻咽温及肛温低,体外循环及升主动脉阻断时间长,术中红细胞、血浆及血小板输血量大,术后呼吸机通气时间及ICU住院时间长,引流量多,术后红细胞、血浆、血小板输注量大,神经系统并发症发生率高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者自体输血量,总住院时间,术后急性肾损伤、低氧血症、连续肾替代疗法应用、二次气管插管、气管切开情况及病死率方面,全弓置换术组高于非全弓置换术组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后随访,非全弓置换术组2例(12.5%)患者因主动脉弓部夹层行全弓置换术+降主动脉支架植入术,全弓置换术组无行二次手术者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者病变复杂,病情重,手术风险大,病死率高,但手术治疗效果满意;术中脑保护尤为重要,选择手术方式应综合考虑。     

Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后合并低氧血症的临床特征、预后及影响因素分析

目的 探讨Stanford A型主动脉夹层(TAAD)术后合并低氧血症患者的临床特征及其短期和长期预后的影响因素.方法 连续纳入重庆医科大学附属第一医院2017年1月-2021年3月经胸部CT和(或)主动脉CT血管造影确诊的TAAD手术患者73例,按照术后是否合并低氧血症分为合并低氧血症组(n=36)与未合并低氧血症组...     

腔内隔绝术治疗合并肾功能衰竭的主动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的 探讨合并肾功能衰竭的Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术(EVE)的手术适应证、围手术期处理等。方法 2例术前合并肾功能衰竭者，术前1d加做血透1次，术中控制补液量，术后床旁血透。结果 2例肾衰患者手术顺利，围手术期代谢及循环平稳。结论 在认真做好围手术期处理的前提下，合并肾功能衰竭的主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者可以安全接受EVE治疗。     

主动脉夹层及主动脉瘤的外科治疗26例

 目的 结合主动脉夹层细化分型的临床应用,探讨主动脉夹层及主动脉瘤外科手术治疗的临床经验.方法 26例主动脉夹层及主动脉瘤患者,在深低温停循环选择性脑灌注下,行升主动脉加全弓替换4例,全弓替换1例;分段停循环下,行全胸腹主动脉替换术1例;常温阻断加血泵法血液回收股动脉输入法,行降主动脉替换2例,股动脉、股静脉转流降主动脉人工血管替换1例;常规低温体外循环下,行Bentall术6例,Wheat术3例,Bentall加二尖瓣替换1例,Bentall加冠状动脉旁路移植术2例,升主动脉替换1例,升主动脉加部分弓替换1例,主动脉瓣成形加升主动脉替换1例;全麻下带膜支架主动脉腔内修复术2例.结果 本组26例,手术早期死亡1例,病死率3.8%;术后并发严重脑功能障碍2例,昏迷时间分别为15 d,30d,占7.6%.共随访24例,随访率92%,死亡1例.结论 Stanford分型的细化对明确手术指征和确立手术预案具有指导意义.四分支人工血管的应用缩短了主动脉阻断时间,结合选择性脑灌注及分段停循环技术,降低了术后并发症.     

覆膜血管内支架治疗急性StanfordB型主动脉夹层动脉瘤8例报告

目的:观察覆膜血管内支架治疗急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的临床疗效.方法:应用覆膜血管内支架腔内隔绝术.结果:8例病人覆膜支架均一次释放成功,无释放多个支架的病例.2例患者因破口距LSA<1.5 cm封堵了LSA,均无脑供血不足及截瘫发生.结论:覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型急性主动脉夹层动脉瘤,封闭了夹层近端破口,扩大了主动脉真腔,改善了腹腔脏器血供是一种安全有效的方法.     

急性A型主动脉夹层术后发生低氧血症危险因素的Meta分析

目的 分析急性A型主动脉夹层术后发生低氧血症的危险因素。方法 计算机检索中国知网、万方数据、中文科技期刊数据库、维普数据库、Pubmed、Web of science、Cochrane Library以及Embase数据库。检索时间为建库至2022年4月15日,由两位评价人员按照纳入与排除标准分别独立筛选文献,提取资料以及相关文献质量评价。采用卡斯尔-渥太华量表(NOS)评价纳入研究的质量。采用RevMan 5.4软件对收集的资料进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入6篇文献,均为回顾性病例对照研究,共788例患者,NOS量表评价纳入文献质量均为6分及以上。A型主动脉夹层术后发生低氧血症共333例,术后未发生低氧血症共455例,最终Meta结果显示,BMI≥25 kg/m2[OR=3.47, 95%CI:2.00～6.07) P<0.001],术前PaO2/FiO2≤300[OR=3.21, 95%CI:1.81～5.66, P<0.001],深低温停循环时间[OR=4.87, 95%CI:2.97～6.76) P<0.001],术中及术后输血量[OR=3.23, 95%C...     

Stanford B型夹层覆膜支架血管腔内修复术后围术期死亡原因分析

目的分析Stanford B型主动脉夹层覆膜支架血管腔内修复术(TEVAR)后围术期患者死亡情况及可能的死亡原因。 方法2004年2月—2012年9月,254例症状性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者在本中心接受覆膜支架血管腔内修复术(TEVAR)治疗,其中,男性214例,女性40例,平均(51.5±12.5)岁。统计TEVAR术后围术期患者死亡情况,并分析可能的死亡原因。 结果TEVAR术后围术期患者死亡7例(7/254,2.76﹪),其中男性5例,女性2例。可能的死亡原因中,破裂所致死亡3例(3/254,1.18﹪),肠道缺血死亡2例(2/254,0.79﹪),呼吸功能衰竭死亡1例(1/254,0.39﹪),心源性猝死1例(1/254,0.39﹪)。 结论TEVAR术治疗症状性Stanford B型主动脉夹层安全、有效,但TEVAR术后围术期患者死亡情况仍需重视,在引起死亡的各种原因中,破裂和肠道缺血引起的死亡尤其值得关注。     

Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术治疗30例临床观察

目的探讨腔内隔绝术（EVGE）治疗Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤的经验。方法对2009年2月～2011年7月在我院住院的30例Stanford B型主动脉夹层病患者的治疗经过进行回顾性分析。术前采用320排（640层）动态容积CT对主动脉夹层动脉瘤进行评估,术中在数字减影血管造影监视下,经股动脉将移植物导入胸主动脉封闭夹层裂口。结果 EVGE成功率100%,2例患者完全封闭左锁骨下动脉开口,无左上肢及脑供血不足症状;1例术后有残余内漏,于术后3个月自行封闭;其余患者无明显不适症状,情况良好。结论 EVGE治疗Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤安全、有效、创伤小、恢复快。     

Bilateral giant intracavernous carotid aneurysms in a 16-year-old boy

Summary A case of bilateral, non-mycotic, giant intracavernous carotid aneurysms occurring in a hypertensive 16-year-old boy is reported. The pathogenesis of such aneurysms is discussed.     

Unruptured bilateral supra-clinoid internal carotid artery aneurysms: A case report

Unruptured supra-clinoid carotid aneurysms are rare aneurysmal dilatation of the supra-clinoid segment of internal carotid artery. Most cases are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally, while others may present with compressive symptoms on cranial nerve II, the optic nerve. We present a case of a 44-year-old female who presented with chronic headache and gradual decreased visual acuity. The patient''s imaging workup revealed bilateral supra-clinoid carotid aneurysms.     

Peripheral cerebral aneurysm associated with a glioma

Summary This 42-year-old man with acute subarachnoid, intraventricular and parenchymal hemorrhage from an angiographically and surgically confirmed successfully clipped, right splenial artery aneurysm, subsequently manifested a grade 3 astrocytoma at the site of the aneurysm. Intracranial aneurysms are recognized in association with metastases from cardiac myxoma and choriocarcinoma, but are rarely seen with primary brain tumors. In patients with nontraumatic peripheral aneurysms it would seem prudent to biopsy the aneurysm and/or surrounding necrotic tissue at the time of surgical clipping.     

Experimental saccular aneurysms

Experimental models of intracranial saccular ancurysms are a useful contribution to our basic understanding of these lesions. Currently, the commonest in use are those constructed surgically in laboratory animals. We review the numerous surgical techniques available since the 1950s, and the research applications and uses of experimental aneurysms. Further development and use of such models is greatly encouraged in future pathophysiological, hemodynamic, and therapeutic investigations of intracranial saccular aneurysms.     

Ruptured fusiform aneurysm of fenestrated A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery

We present a case report of a 56-year-old woman with a ruptured fusiform aneurysm of a fenestrated A₁ segment of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Fenestrated A₁ segments are rare and only a few case reports have been published of a saccular type aneurysm formation. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no documented cases of fusiform aneurysms in these segments. None of the authors has been sponsored or supported financially by any commercial organization in the development of this paper     

Giant coronary aneurysm associated with aortic mucoid medionecrosis

Summary A case of sudden death due to rupture of a dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta in a 38-year-old man is presented. The patient had a clinical history of severe hypertension. The autopsy also revealed the presence of a voluminous aneurysm of the right coronary artery and a solitary multilocular cyst of the right kidney. It is thought that a prodromal influenza-like syndrome and the renal lesion could have played a role in causing the vascular pathology.     

Embolization of the Internal Iliac Artery: Cost-Effectiveness of Two Different Techniques

The purpose of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of coils versus the Amplatzer Vascular Plug (AVP) for occlusion of the internal iliac artery (IAA). Between 2002 and January 2006, 13 patients (mean age 73 ± 13 years) were referred for stent-grafting of abdominal aortic aneurysm (n = 6); type I distal endoleak (n = 3), isolated iliac aneurysm (n = 3), or rupture of a common iliac aneurysm (n = 1). In all patients, extension of the stent-graft was needed because the distal neck was absent. Two different techniques were used to occlude the IIA: AVP in seven patients (group A) and coil embolization in six patients (group C). Immediate results and direct material costs were assessed retrospectively. Immediate success was achieved in all patients, and simultaneous stent-grafting was successfully performed in two of six patients in group C versus five of seven patients in group A. In all group A patients, a single AVP was sufficient to achieve occlusion of the IIA, accounting for a mean cost of 485 €, whereas in group C patients, an average of 7 ± 3 coils were used, accounting for a mean cost of 1,745 €. Mean average cost savings using the AVP was 1,239 €. When IIA occlusion is needed, the AVP allows a single-step procedure at significant cost savings.     

Is Internal Iliac Artery Embolization Essential Prior to Endovascular Repair of Aortoiliac Aneurysms?

Patients who undergo endovascular repair of aorto-iliac aneurysms (EVAR) require internal iliac artery (IIA) embolization (IIAE) to prevent type II endoleaks after extending the endografts into the external iliac artery. However, IIAE may not be possible in some patients due to technical factors or adverse anatomy. The aim of this study was to assess retrospectively whether patients with aorto-iliac aneurysms who fail IIAE have an increase in type II endoleak after EVAR compared with similar patients who undergo successful embolization. We retrospectively analyzed the records of 148 patients who underwent EVAR from December 1997 to June 2005. Sixty-one patients had aorto-iliac aneurysms which required IIAE before EVAR. Fifty patients had successful IIAE and 11 patients had unsuccessful IIAE prior to EVAR. The clinical and imaging follow-up was reviewed before and after EVAR. The endoleak rate of the embolized group was compared with that of the group in whom embolization failed. After a mean follow-up of 19.7 months in the study group and 25 months in the control group, there were no statistically significant differences in outcome measures between the two groups. Specifically, there were no type II endoleaks related to the IIA in patients where IIAE had failed. We conclude that failure to embolize the IIA prior to EVAR should not necessarily preclude patients from treatment. In patients where there is difficulty in achieving coil embolization, it is recommended that EVAR should proceed, as clinical sequelae are unlikely.     

Idiopathic aneurysms of distal cerebellar arteries: endovascular treatment after rupture

Introduction Idiopathic ruptured aneurysms of distal cerebellar arteries (DCAAs) are rare, and their endovascular therapy (EVT) has as yet not been extensively reported. They are usually assumed to result from local arterial wall disruption rather than infection, unlike distal supratentorial artery aneurysms. This study was performed to audit their frequency, potential aetiology and results of EVT. Patients and methods Using strict inclusion criteria and a database of 1715 EVT patients, we identified ten idiopathic ruptured DCAAs (0.6%) over a 13-year period (1993–2006). The series comprised six males and four females with mean age of 64 years and solitary aneurysms located on posterior inferior cerebellar artery (five patients), anterior inferior cerebellar artery (three patients) and superior cerebellar artery (two patients). Nine aneurysms were fusiform and were treated by endovascular parent artery occlusion, and one was saccular and treated by endosaccular packing. Endovascular therapy was performed with coils in seven cases, n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) in two cases and with both in one case. Results Primary EVT was successful in eight patients. One patient died following a procedure-related re-bleeding and one patient required re-treatment after failed endosaccular packing. Nine patients made good or excellent clinical recoveries (modified Rankin Scale 2 or less). Focal cerebellar infarctions were seen on computed tomography images after EVT in three patients, only one of whom was symptomatic with transient dysmetria, which resolved completely during follow up. No aneurysm recanalisation was detected on late follow-up imaging up to 24 months. Conclusion Ruptured DCAAs are rare. The majority are fusiform in shape and their aetiology remains uncertain. Endovascular treatment is feasible and effective. It usually requires parent artery occlusion.     

Endovascular Treatment of a Renal Artery Branch Aneurysm

A 58-year-old woman was admitted to our institution because of a left renal artery branch saccular aneurysm with a 2 cm diameter. Due to a hostile abdomen and the infrarenal location, an endovascular approach was chosen. A Jostent Peripheral Stent-Graft was placed under angiographic control, excluding the aneurysm from the circulation. No peri- or postprocedural complications were observed. At 6 months follow-up, the endograft is patent, excluding the aneurysm. Endovascular treatment may represent an alternative to surgery, especially in the distal infraparenchymal location.