玻璃离子水门汀的研究进展

玻璃离子水门汀(GIC)作为传统的口腔修复材料已在口腔临床工作中应用了相当长的时间。但在临床应用中发现,传统玻璃离子水门汀存在着诸多缺点。近年来,研究者又在传统玻璃离子的基础上通过加入新成分相继开发出新型改性型玻璃离子水门汀。该文对近几年玻璃离子水门汀的发展做一简要综述。     

玻璃离子水门汀粘接根汞合金的微渗漏实验研究

目的：通过比较玻璃离子水门汀和银汞合金粘接剂用于银汞合金粘接修复对微渗漏的影响,探讨临床应用玻璃离子水门汀替代银汞粘接剂的可能性。方法：染料渗入试验。结果：玻璃离子水门汀能明显降低银汞修复体的边缘渗漏,与空白对照组相比有极显著差异,与银汞粘接剂组相比无统计学差异。结论：玻璃离子水门汀粘接银汞合金微渗漏小,可替代银汞粘接剂。     

几种玻璃离子水门汀磨耗性能的比较

在选择牙体修复材料时,耐磨性是一个需要考虑的重要问题。目前,广泛用于口腔各类洞的修复材料主要是银汞合金、复合树脂及玻璃离子水门汀。这些材料在口腔内的磨耗主要是由牙刷磨耗和咀嚼造成的［１］。本研究采用自制的往复式牙刷磨耗机,对比研究了４种玻璃离子水门汀...     

玻璃离子水门汀粘接银汞合金的微渗漏实验研究

目的通过比较玻璃离子水门汀和银汞合金粘接剂用于银汞合金粘接修复时对微渗漏的影响,探讨临床应用玻璃离子水门汀替代银汞粘接剂的可能性.方法染料渗入试验.结果玻璃离子水门汀能明显降低银汞修复体的边缘渗漏,与空白对照组相比有极显著差异,与银汞粘接剂组相比无统计学差异.结论玻璃离子水门汀粘接银汞合金微渗漏小,可替代银汞粘接剂.     

粘接界面处理对玻璃离子水门汀与复合树脂粘接强度的影响

目的 比较4种粘接剂对2种不同类型玻璃离子水门汀与复合树脂界面间粘接强度的影响.方法 选取传统型高强度玻璃离子FujiⅨ(F9)和树脂改良型玻璃离子FujiⅡLC(F2LC)为研究对象,将100个样本随机分为10组,每组10个样本,在样本中央制备窝洞后,随机选取5组样本,窝洞内置入F9,另外5组置入F2LC.样本界面分别采取不处理和4种不同类型的粘接剂,Clearfil SE Bond(SEB)、Clearfil S3 Bond(S3B)、Optibond Versa(OBV)及Single Bond 2(SB2)处理后,分别测定各组样本的剪切粘接强度.结果 OBV处理组的F9样本组获得最大的剪切粘结强度,未进行界面处理的F9样本组剪切粘结强度最小,其差异具有显著统计学意义.使用粘接剂处理后各组的粘接强度均显著增高.结论 粘接剂处理样本界面后显著提高玻璃离子与复合树脂间的粘接强度.自酸蚀粘接剂OBV使玻璃离子与复合树脂界面获得最大的粘接强度.     

Dyract与玻璃离子水门汀治疗楔状缺损的疗效比较

目的对Ｄｙｒａｃｔ与玻璃离子水门汀（ＧＩＣ）治疗楔状缺损的临床疗效进行比较。方法用Ｄｙｒａｃｔ充填９２例３１２颗楔状缺损的患牙,ＧＩＣ充填１４５例３４６颗患牙,定期随访两年,观察形态、密合度、边缘着色、色泽、继发龋、牙龈炎症、牙髓反应七个方面的治疗效果。结果半年内两者临床效果无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）,１年后有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）,２年后有高度显著差异（Ｐ＜０．００５）。且Ｄｙｒａｃｔ在形态、色泽、密合度、继发龋、牙龈炎症等５个方面均优于ＧＩＣ（Ｐ＜０．０５）,其中以前两者为甚（Ｐ＜０．００５）。结论Ｄｙｒａｃｔ的远期疗效优于ＧＩＣ。     

树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀的涂布方式对锆瓷冠与种植体基台粘固效果的影响

目的 分别应用传统涂布法和预压薄法,比较树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀在种植体支持的氧化锆单冠粘固修复中水门汀残留和粘接力的差别。方法 应用Sinora CEREC系统扫描Ankylos标准B型6mm种植体基台替代体,设计厚度为1mm的单冠,切割和烧结氧化锆瓷块,制作氧化锆单冠。应用树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀,分别通过传统涂布法和水门汀预压薄法,将单冠粘固在种植体基台替代体上。观察水门汀的残留情况,评价2种粘固方法的粘接效果。结果 预压薄法粘固组的氧化锆单冠和基台周围水门汀残留明显少于应用传统涂布法的粘固组。但是预压薄法组的平均粘接力（247.95N）明显小于传统涂布法组（428.79N）,其差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀预压薄法能有效减少树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀的残留,但其粘接力明显降低。     

玻璃离子水门汀与复合树脂修复牙颈部楔状缺损的比较

修复牙颈部楔状缺损的材料有多种,但目前临床上使用最多最方便的是玻璃离子水门汀与化学固化复合树脂.本文就这两种材料修复牙颈部楔状缺损进行了临床比较和探讨. 材料与方法 1 病例选择:临床上随机选择未穿髓及未作过牙髓治疗的颈部楔状缺损,男女及年龄不论,共200颗牙.其中用玻璃离子水门汀修复100颗牙,化学固化复合树脂修复100颗牙. 2 材料:玻璃离子水门汀.化学固化复合树脂.     

影响玻璃离子水门汀粘接强度的因素

玻璃离子水门汀作为一种齿科常用的修复粘接材料,被广泛应用于口腔临床治疗。由于处在复杂多变的口腔环境中,其粘接强度成了良好治疗效果的重要前提。本文就影响玻璃离子水门汀粘接强度的因素作一简要综述。     

Retention of cast crown copings cemented to implant abutments

Background: The cementation of crowns to dental implant abutments is an accepted form of crown retention that requires consideration of the properties of available cements within the applied clinical context. Dental luting agents are exposed to a number of stressors that may reduce crown retention in vivo, not the least of which is occlusal loading. This study investigated the influence of compressive cyclic loading on the physical retention of cast crown copings cemented to implant abutments. Methods: Cast crown copings were cemented to Straumann synOcta titanium implant abutments with three different readily used and available cements. Specimens were placed in a humidifier, thermocycled and subjected to one of four quantities of compressive cyclic loading. The uniaxial tensile force required to remove the cast crown copings was then recorded. Results: The mean retention values for crown copings cemented with Panavia‐F cement were statistically significantly greater than both KetacCem and TempBond non‐eugenol cements at each compressive cyclic loading quantity. KetacCem and TempBond non‐eugenol cements produced relatively low mean retention values that were not statistically significantly different at each quantity of compressive cyclic loading. Compressive cyclic loading had a statistically significant effect on Panavia‐F specimens alone, but increased loading quantities produced no further statistically significant difference in mean retention. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the current in vitro conditions employed in this study, the retention of cast crown copings cemented to Straumann synOcta implant abutments with a resin, glass ionomer and temporary cement was significantly affected by cement type but not compressive cyclic loading. Resin cement is the cement of choice for the definitive non‐retrievable cementation of cast crown copings to Straumann synOcta implant abutments out of the three cements tested.     

The effects of temperature on the setting of glass ionomer (polyalkenoate) cements

Glass ionomer (polyalkenoate) cements have proved to be superior to zinc phosphate cements as orthodontic luting agents. Setting behaviours at different temperatures were recorded by an oscillating rheometer under controlled conditions. The working time of these cements can be increased by mixing on a chilled glass slab with setting time at mouth temperatures remaining rapid. Where more than one orthodontic band is cemented per mix, the authors recommend refrigeration of the glass slab for at least one hour prior to mixing the cement.     

Effect of adhesive systems associated with resin-modified glass ionomer cements

The bonding of resin-modified glass ionomer cements to dentin remains a challenge in clinical routine. In an attempt to improve this property, different materials and techniques have been proposed. This study investigated the shear bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cements (Vitremer, 3M/ESPE and Fuji II LC Improved, GC) to human dentin using two one-bottle adhesive systems (Prime & Bond 2.1, Dentsply and Single Bond, 3M/ESPE). The restored specimens were stored in deionized water for 24 h at 37 +/- 1 degrees C, and then the bonded surfaces were tested in shear strength using a Universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm min(-1). Bond strength means were recorded and failure modes were assessed with a stereomicroscope at 40x magnification. Data were submitted to two-way anova and multiple comparisons were performed using a Tukey statistical test (P < 0.05). Fuji II LC Improved yielded higher bond strength (P < 0.05) than Vitremer in all experimental conditions. No statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed among the proposed dentin surface treatments, although a slight decrease in bond strength was observed when phosphoric acid was used alone. Bond strengths of the resin-modified glass ionomer cements to dentin seemed to be more material-dependent than surface treatment-dependent. It may be concluded that the one-bottle adhesive systems tested in this study did not improve the bond strength of the resin-modified glass ionomer cements to dentin.     

玻璃离子水门汀氟释放的离体研究

目的：观察两种临床常用的传统化学固化型玻璃离子水门汀Ｓｈｏｆｕ和ＣｈｅｍｆｉｌＳｕｐｅｒｉｏｒ在去离子水中氟释放情况。方法：采用氟离子选择电极法。结果：在整个３３ｄ的实验期间，两种材料都释放一定量氟，且随浸泡时间延长而氟释放量逐渐下降。两种材料浸泡第１天氟释放量最大，前３ｄ氟释放累计总量大于以后每１０ｄ氟释放量。结论：提示玻璃离子水门汀中氟释放存在初始爆发效应，同时在一定时期内能缓慢持续释放到周围环境中，具有一定的防龋潜力。     

The effect of resin cements and primer on retentive force of zirconia copings bonded to zirconia abutments with insufficient retention

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of resin cements and primer on the retentive force of zirconia copings bonded to zirconia abutments with insufficient retention.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Zirconia blocks (Lava, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were obtained and forty sets of zirconia abutments and copings were fabricated using CAD/CAM technology. They were grouped into 4 categories as follows, depending on the types of resin cements used, and whether the primer is applied or not:Panavia F2.0 (P), Panavia F2.0 using Primer (PRIME Plus, Bisco Inc, Schaumburg, IL, USA) (PZ), Superbond C&B (S), and Superbond C&B using Primer (SZ). For each of the groups, the cementation was conducted. The specimens were kept in sterilized water (37℃) for 24 hours. Retentive forces were tested and measured, and a statistical analysis was carried out. The nature of failure was recorded.

RESULTS

The means and standard deviations of retentive force in Newton for each group were 265.15 ± 35.04 N (P), 318.21 ± 22.24 N (PZ), 445.13 ± 78.54 N (S) and 508.21 ± 79.48 N (SZ). Superbond C&B groups (S & SZ) showed significantly higher retentive force than Panavia F2.0 groups (P & PZ). In Panavia F2.0 groups, the use of primer was found to contribute to the increase of retentive force. On the other hand, in Superbond C&B groups, the use of primer did not influence the retention forces. Adhesive failure was observed in all groups.

CONCLUSION

This study suggests that cementation of the zirconia abutments and zirconia copings with Superbond C&B have a higher retentive force than Panavia F2.0. When using Panavia F2.0, the use of primer increases the retentive force.     

玻璃离子水门汀的体外细胞毒性研究

目的：对６种玻璃离子水门汀的体外细胞毒性进行对比研究，以期为临床应用提供参考依据。方法：采用体外细胞培养技术和四唑盐显色（ＭＴＴ）方法。结果：显示６种不同的玻璃离子水门汀均有不同程度的细胞毒性，而且有显著的浓度、时间依赖性。结论：表明Ｖｉｔｒｅｂｏｎｄ型玻璃离子水门汀的细胞毒性作用显著强于其他５种。     

Adhesion of different brands of glass ionomer cements to a ceramometal alloy

Aims

The aim of the study was to assess, compare and evaluate the adhesive strength and compressive strength of different brands of glass ionomer cements to a ceramometal alloy.

Materials

(A) Glass ionomer cements: GC Fuji II - GC Corporation, Tokyo; Chem Flex — Dentsply DeTrey, Germany; Glass ionomer FX — Shofu-11, Japan; MR dental — MR Dental Suppliers Pvt. Ltd., England; (B) ceramometal alloy — Ugirex III; (C) cold cure acrylic resin; (E) temperature cum humidity control chamber; and (F) Instron universal testing machine.

Methods

Four different types of glass ionomer cements were used in the study. From each type of the glass ionomer cements, 15 specimens were made to evaluate the compressive strength and adhesive strength, respectively. Fifteen specimens were further divided into 3 subgroups each having 5 specimens. For compressive strength, specimens were tested at 2, 4 and 12 hours by using Instron universal testing machine. To evaluate the adhesive strength, specimens were surface treated with diamond bur, silicone carbide bur and sandblasting, and tested under Instron universal testing machine.

Results and conclusions

It was concluded from the study that the compressive strength as well as the adhesive bond strength of MR dental glass ionomer cement with a ceramometal alloy was found to be maximum compare to other glass ionomer cements. Sandblasting surface treatment of ceramometal alloy was found to be comparatively more effective for adhesive bond strength between alloy and glass ionomer cement.     

Retention of zirconia copings on zirconia implant abutments cemented with provisional luting agents

Summary  The purpose of this study is to measure and compare the retentive force of zirconia-based all-ceramic crowns cemented on zirconia abutments using five provisional luting agents. In addition, the effect of sandblasting and thermocycling on the retentive force was evaluated. Two hundred zirconia abutments and copings were fabricated (Procera system; Nobel Biocare) and divided into five groups. Hy bond temporary cement hard (Hard), Hy bond temporary cement soft (Soft), experimental temporary cement (New), Tempbond NE (Temp) and Freegenool temporary pack (Pack) were used according to the manufacturers' instructions. Each group was divided into two groups, one with and one without sandblasting. Furthermore, thermocycling up to 2000 cycles was conducted on half of each group. After 24 h and thermocycling, the retentive force was measured using a universal testing machine. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and comparisons of the means were performed with a Games–Howell test at a level of 95%. As a result, Hard showed the highest retentive force, sandblasting was effective for improving the durability, and no effect of sandblasting was detected in the others. New showed stability of the retentive force even after thermocycling. The retentive force of Temp and Pack decreased significantly after thermocycling even with sandblasting. The retentive forces were different from the provisional cement and sandblasting, and Temp and Pack may not be appropriate for the retention of single-tooth zirconia abutments and coping restorations.     

3种玻璃离子水门汀氟释放能力的体外研究

目的：对比研究3种玻璃离子水门汀在人工唾液中的氟释放能力。方法：选择FujiCem、FujiPlus和FujiI水门汀,分别制备10个直径4mm,高8mm的试样,每个试样浸入1ml人工唾液中,恒温37℃。采用离子选择电极分别于第1d、2d、3d、7d、14d、30d、90d测定3种材料的氟释放量。采用SPSS13．0软件进行统计分析。结果：3种材料均在第1d的氟释放量最高。第2d急剧下降,随后氟离子释放趋于平稳。在各个测量时间点,FujiCem的氟释放累积量最高,除了第1d外,FujiPlus释放量最低,且3种材料在90d测定的氟累积释放量总体均数间、组间两两比较均存在显著差异,P〈0．05,有统计学意义。结论：3种材料均能在一定时间内持续缓慢地向周围环境中释放氟离子,而FujiCem显示出更好的氟离子释放能力,在预防继发龋的发生方面具有一定的优势。