食管鳞状细胞癌p53基因杂合性缺失和基因突变的相关研究

 目的 检测食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC）中p53基因杂合性缺失（LOH），p53基因突变及蛋白表达的情况，分析其与临床病理和预后的相关性。方法 采用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性分析（PCR-SSCP）和免疫组织化学方法（SP）检测56例ESCC中p53基因LOH和p53基因蛋白的表达情况。结果 56例ESCC组织中p53蛋白阳性表达率为60.7 %（34／56），它与患者的年龄、性别和家族史无关（P＞0.05），有或无淋巴结转移的阳性率分别为81.0 %（17／21），48.6 %（17／35）；生存率低于3年组和高于3年组的p53阳性表达率为73.9 %（17／23），46.4 %（13／28），差异有统计学意义。p53基因LOH率为80.5 %（33／41），与患者的年龄、性别、家族史和有无淋巴结转移无关，与3年生存率有相关性（P＜0.05）。p53基因总突变率为76.8 %（43／56），突变位于17号染色体第4外显子者5例，第5外显子者23例，第6外显子者1例，第7外显子者4例，第8外显子者7例，有3例在内含子。p53基因突变／过度表达率为46.4 %（26／56），两种方法检测的符合率为55.4 %（31／56）。结论 p53基因在ESCC的发生、发展中可能发挥重要作用，伴有p53基因LOH／p53蛋白过度表达的3年生存率明显降低。p53蛋白阳性表达的ESCC更易发生淋巴结转移，可作为判断食管癌预后的参考指标之一。     

KAI1/CD82 expression as a prognosic factor in sporadic colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND: Since its identification as a suppressor gene for prostate cancer metastasis, down-regulation of KAI1/CD82 in a variety of malignancies has been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using immunohistochemistry, we examined KAI1/CD82 expression in surgical specimens obtained from 70 patients with advanced colorectal cancer and its correlation with clinicopathological factors, to clarify their prognostic significance. RESULTS: KAI1/CD82 expression was positive in 55% of the 70 colorectal cancers. There were statistically significant correlations between KAI1/CD82 expression and Dukes' stage, venous invasion, lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation and liver metastasis. The significant correlation between KAI1/CD82 expression and outcome among patients with Dukes' C cancer (p=0.024) is particularly noteworthy. On multivariate analysis, KAI1/CD82 expression and Dukes' stage were identified as significant and independent prognostic factors (p=0.006 and 0.045, respectively). CONCLUSION: KAI1/CD82 expression closely correlates with clinicopathological factors for colorectal cancers. KAI1/CD82 expression appears to be a useful prognostic marker.     

非小细胞肺癌中KAI1基因表达及其与P53的相关性研究

背景与目的近年研究表明,KAI1表达下调与多种肿瘤的转移有关,但其与非小细胞肺癌的关系研究较少,且导致其下调的机制尚未明确。本研究从mRNA和蛋白水平探讨KAI1基因在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达与患者临床病理特征的关系及其与突变型P53蛋白表达的关系。方法采用RTPCR和Westernblot法,检测48例肺癌患者手术切除的新鲜癌组织标本中KAI1mRNA、KAI1/CD82及突变型P53蛋白的表达,20例肺部良性疾病组织和正常肺组织作为对照。结果肺癌组和对照组中KAI1mRNA的阳性率分别为52%和90%(P<0.01),KAI1/CD82蛋白的阳性率分别为48%和85%(P<0.01),突变型P53蛋白阳性率分别为65%和5%(P<0.01)。KAI1mRNA、KAI1/CD82和突变型P53蛋白阳性率与肺癌患者临床分期、细胞分化程度和淋巴结转移有密切关系(P<0.05或P<0.01)。肺癌组织中KAI1mRNA与KAI1/CD82表达呈密切相关性(P<0.01),KAI1/CD82与突变型P53蛋白的表达亦呈显著相关性(P<0.05),KAI1mRNA与突变型P53表达无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论KAI1基因的低表达可能与非小细胞肺癌的发生、发展和转移有关;其下调的机制可能主要发生在转录水平并与p53基因有关,二者可能作为评估肺癌患者转移潜能的指标。     

Motility-related protein (MRP-1/CD9) and KAI1/CD82 expression inversely correlate with lymph node metastasis in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Although the mechanisms of action of the transmembrane superfamilies, motility-related protein-1 (MRP-1/CD9) and KAI1/CD82, are not well known, they are reported to suppress the metastasis of several kinds of cancers. The suppression of cell motility by MRP-1/CD9 may cause suppression of the metastasis. As we could not find any reports concerning the expression of MRP-1/CD9 and KAI1/CD82 in oesophageal cancers we investigated their expression in oesophageal specimens. We conducted immunohistochemical staining for MRP1/CD9 against 108 cases of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma using anti-MRP-1/CD9 monoclonal antibody M31-15, and for KAI1/CD82 against 104 cases using anti-KAI1/CD82 monoclonal antibody C33. To investigate the gradual expression of MRP-1/CD9 and KAI1/CD82, 24 oesophageal dysplasias were immunohistochemically stained using the same method and then investigated. The expression of both MRP-1/CD9 and KAI1/CD82 were positive on the cell membranes of normal oesophageal epithelial cells, but reduced or negative in the cancer cells. Reduced MRP-1/CD9 expressions significantly correlated to tumour depth (P = 0.0009). We found a significantly greater number of reduced or negative expression of MRP-1/CD9 and KAI1/CD82 in lymph node metastatic cases (P = 0.0003 and P= 0.0129, respectively), but not in distant metastatic cases. The 5-year survival rate of MRP-1/CD9-negative and reduced patients was significantly worse than those of positive patients (n = 108, curative cases, RO). Few cases remained KAI1/CD82-positive (9.6%; 10/104) in oesophageal cancer. Twenty (83.3%) and twenty-two (91.7%) cases out of 24 dysplasias were defined as KAI1/CD82-positive and MRP1/CD9-positive, respectively. The decrease in MRP-1/CD9 and KAI1/CD82 expression may facilitate lymph node metastasis in oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Knowing the status of the expression of MRP-1/CD9 appears helpful in predicting the prognosis for each patient.     

KAI1 / CD82 和 MMP - 7 在多原发结直肠癌中的表达及临床意义简

目的：探讨KAI1／CD82和MMP-7的表达与多原发结直肠癌浸润、转移的关系。方法：应用免疫组织化学法检测KAI1／CD82和MMP-7在27例多原发结直肠癌及36例单发结直肠癌组织中的表达。结果：多原发结直肠癌组KAI1／CD82阳性表达率为76．7％,单发结直肠癌组KAI1／CD82阳性表达率为50．0％,两组有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。多原发结直肠癌组MMP-7阳性表达率为60．5％,单发结直肠癌组MMP-7阳性表达率为83．3％,两组有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。多原发结直肠癌组和单发结直肠癌组KAI1／CD82、MMP-7的阳性表达率在TNM分期、分化程度、浸润深度和有无淋巴结转移方面差异均有显著性意义。结论：KAI1／CD82、MMP-7的表达与结直肠癌的分期、分化程度、浸润深度和淋巴结转移有关。多原发结直肠癌的浸润、转移与KAI1／CD82和MMP-7的异常表达有关,它们可能协同作用,抑制肿瘤的侵袭和转移能力而促进多原发结直肠癌的发生。     

KAI1／CD82 mRNA和蛋白在鼻咽癌组织中的表达及意义

目的 探讨KAI1／CD82 mRNA和CD82蛋白在鼻咽癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法 采用免疫组化SP法检测70例鼻咽癌和30例正常鼻咽部组织中KAI1／CD82蛋白的表达情况;逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）检测28例鼻咽癌和15例正常鼻咽部新鲜组织中KAI1／CD82 mRNA的表达情况。分析KAI1／CD82 mRNA和CD82蛋白的表达与临床病理特征之间的关系。结果 KAI1／CD82 mRNA在鼻咽癌组织中的阳性表达率为42.9％（12／28）,低于正常鼻咽部组织中的73.3％（11／15）,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;KAI1／CD82蛋白在鼻咽癌组织中的阳性表达率为44.3％（31／70）,低于正常鼻咽部组织中的700％（21／30）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。KAI1／CD82 mRNA和CD82蛋白在鼻咽癌组织中的表达与患者的性别、年龄、病理类型、T分期均无关（P＞0.05）,而与淋巴结转移有关。KAI1／CD82 mRNA和CD82蛋白在无淋巴结转移组中的阳性表达率分别为85.7％和68.4％,明显高于淋巴结转移组的28.6％和35.3％,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。KAI1／CD82 mRNA和CD82蛋白在N1、N2、N3亚组间表达率的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 KAI1／CD82 mRNA和CD82蛋白在鼻咽癌组织中表达下调,该基因可以抑制鼻咽癌发生、发展及淋巴结转移,有望作为鼻咽癌诊断和预后判定的一种有效分子标记物。     

喉鳞癌中KAI1/CD82、MRP1/CD9的表达及意义

目的探讨喉鳞癌中KAI1/CD82和MRP1/CD9的表达及意义。方法 采用实时荧光定量PCR法(RT-qPCR)及免疫组织化学技术检测100例喉鳞癌(Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, LSCC)组织及随机抽取30例相应癌旁非癌组组织中KAI1/CD82和MRP1/CD9的表达情况, 并分析二者与肿瘤临床病理参数的关系及对生存函数的影响。结果 在mRNA及蛋白水平上KAI1/CD82和MRP1/CD9表达结果基本是一致的, KAI1/CD82和MRP1/CD9在30例配对的LSCC中, 癌组织表达显著低于相应癌旁非癌组织, 其表达差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两者在TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ、分化程度差、临床分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ、有淋巴结转移LSCC中的表达水平均低于在TNM分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ、分化程度良、临床分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ、无淋巴结转移LSCC患者(P＜0.05)。而在不同性别、不同年龄组、不同生长部位等LSCC患者的组织中其表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);LSCC中KAI1/CD82蛋白阳性表达者中位生存期为78个月, 高于阴性表达者的48个月(χ²=6.98, P=0.008), LSCC中MRP1/CD9蛋白阳性表达者中位生存期为78个月, 高于阴性表达者的49个月(χ²=5.45, P=0.02);在LSCC中KAI1/CD82和MRP1/CD9蛋白的表达呈正相关(χ²=31.41, P＜0.01)。结论 KAI1/CD82和MRP1/CD9可能共同参与了LSCC的发生发展过程, 对LSCC的浸润和转移及预后评估具有一定的临床参考价值。KAI1/CD82、MRP1/CD9可以作为判断喉鳞癌浸润转移及预后的标记物。     

Nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent expression of metastasis suppressor KAI1/CD82 gene in lung cancer cell lines expressing mutant p53

KAI1/CD82 has been shown to be a metastasis suppressor for several human cancers, and a recent study revealed that wild-type tumor suppressor p53 can directly activate KAI1/CD82 gene expression. However, the response of KAI1/CD82 expression in cancer cells to exogenous stimulants has not been investigated. The present study examined whether tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which mediates many of the cellular responses associated with inflammatory reactions or cancer progression, can affect the KAI1/CD82 expression in lung cancer cells and, if so, whether nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, a key molecule in TNF-mediated gene expression, is involved in the mechanism of KAI1/CD82 induction. Our results demonstrated that expression of KAI1/CD82 in PC-14 cells expressing mutant p53 could be augmented by TNF-alpha, and that transfer of the gene for a specific inhibitor of NF-kappaB, IkappaB alphaSR (mutant IkappaB alpha; NF-kappaB super-repressor), into PC-14 cells could inhibit this augmentation. The amount of NF-kappaB in the nucleus of PC-14/IkappaB alphaSR cells correlated well with KAI1/CD82 mRNA and protein expression. In addition, IkappaB alphaSR gene transfer inhibited the spontaneous expression of KAI1/CD82 protein in KAI1/CD82-high-expressing RERF-LC-OK cells, which contain a mutant-type p53. These observations indicate that NF-kappaB activation may play a role in the regulation of KAI1/CD82 expression in lung cancer cells independently of wild-type p53, and suggest that KAI1/CD82 expression may be regulated by interaction with the host microenvironment.     

食管鳞状细胞癌p16基因突变及表达分析

目的探讨食管鳞状细胞癌p16基因突变及mRNA表达情况与临床病理的关系。方法采用PCR-SSCP、DNA测序技术及RT-PCR技术检测31例ESCCp16基因突变及mRNA表达情况。结果31例ESCC有6例发生基因突变,3例发生基因纯合性缺失,p16基因mRNA表达癌组织显著低于癌旁正常组织(P<0.05)。在癌组织中p16基因变异组mRNA表达显著低于p16基因正常组(P<0.05),mRNA表达与性别、年龄、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移等无显著性相关。结论p16基因mRNA的异常表达可能与ESCC发生有关,但单纯检测p16基因mRNA表达水平与预测ES-CC患者预后的意义不大。     

食管鳞癌与p53及CD44v6表达分析

目的　分析 p5 3、CD4 4v6与食管鳞癌的预后关系。 方法　用免疫组化法测定原发食管鳞癌 p5 3癌基因、CD4 4v6的表达。结果　p5 3的阳性表达为 4 7.8% ,与肿瘤的分化程度、浸润深度呈显著相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,与淋巴结有无癌转移及肿瘤大小未见显著相关 (P >0 .0 5 )。CD4 4v6阳性表达为 79.9% ,分化程度高的阳性表达大于分化程度低的 ,侵及外膜、淋巴结有癌转移的表达大于无外膜受侵和无淋巴转移 ,但未见显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　p5 3阳性表达预示食管鳞癌分化程度低 ,有较强的侵袭能力。CD4 4v6作为对食管癌的浸润转移和预后标记物并不十分理想。     

口腔鳞癌组织中KAI1 mRNA的表达

目的:探讨肿瘤转移抑制基因KAI1 mRNA在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其临床病理意义。方法:采用原位杂交法检测74例原发性口腔鳞癌(无淋巴结转移49例,有淋巴结转移25例)、21例相应的淋巴结转移灶、19例口腔黏膜白斑和10例正常口腔黏膜石蜡标本组织中KAI1 mRNA的表达情况。结果:KAI1 mRNA在正常黏膜组、黏膜白斑组、鳞癌无淋巴结转移组、有淋巴结转移组和淋巴结转移灶组中阳性表达率分别为100%、84.2%、61.2%、28.0%和4.8%,其中无淋巴结转移鳞癌组显著低于正常和黏膜白斑组,P<0.05,淋巴结转移组显著低于无淋巴结转移组,P=0.045,淋巴结转移灶组显著低于相应鳞癌组,P=0.040。低分化鳞癌的KAI1阳性表达率显著低于高、中分化鳞癌,P<0.001。KAI1的表达与鳞癌患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤大小和浸润深度以及pT-MN分期无显著相关,P>0.05。结论:KAI1 mRNA表达下调可能与口腔鳞状细胞癌的组织分化程度和淋巴结转移有关。     

肿瘤转移抑制基因KAI1/ CD82 和雌孕激素受体在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

 目的 探讨转移抑制基因KAI1／CD82和雌孕激素受体（ER、PR）在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及与淋巴结转移的关系，并分析其临床意义。方法 应用SP法对76例子宫内膜癌组织中KAI1、PR、ER的蛋白表达情况进行观察。结果 子宫内膜癌组织中KAI1和PR的阳性表达与手术病理分期、组织学分级、肌层浸润深度呈负相关（ P _{KA H}=0．0089、0．0103、0．0356，P_PR=0．0026、0．000、0．0053）；伴有盆腔淋巴结转移、宫旁或附件受累及的组织KAI1、PR、ER的阳性表达均明显低于无转移的组织（PKAII=0．0091、0．0073，PR=0．0006、0．0074，P _ER=0．0129、0．0073）；ER的阳性表达与FIGO分期呈负相关（P=0．0226）；不同的病理类型中，只有PR表达差异有统计学意义（P=0．0446）；而三者的表达与患者年龄及宫颈是否受累均无关。KAI1、PR、ER表达阴性和阳性的生存率差异均有统计学意义（ P _{KA H}=0．0043，P_PR=0．0010，P _ER=0．0124）。Logistic回归模型分析结果提示：KAI1、PR、ER三个变量中只有KAI1与淋巴结转移有关（P=0．0400，OR=0．245）。COX比例风险回归模型分析结果显示：KAI1、PR、ER表达均不是子宫内膜癌的独立预后因素。结论 KAI1表达与子宫内膜癌的淋巴结转移具有相关性，其可作为临床预测子宫内膜癌患者发生淋巴结转移和评估预后的综合指标之一。KAI1在子宫内膜癌发展中所起的作用可能与PR有关，KAI1、PR、ER的缺失表达与子宫内膜癌的发展、治疗及预后密切相关。     

Adenoviral transduction of MRP-1/CD9 and KAI1/CD82 inhibits lymph node metastasis in orthotopic lung cancer model

Conventional therapies still remain less effective for metastasis of lung cancer, thus leading to a poor prognosis for this disorder. Although the processes involved in metastasis have not yet been clearly elucidated, our previous studies have shown that higher expression levels of MRP-1/CD9 and KAI1/CD82 in cancer cells are significantly correlated with less metastatic potency. To determine whether the gene transfer of these tetraspanins into lung tumor cells may be a useful strategy to regulate metastasis, we adopted an orthotopic lung cancer model produced by the intrapulmonary implantation of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells and evaluated the metastatic growth in the mediastinal lymph nodes using two different methods of gene delivery as follows: (a) the implantation of LLC cells preinfected with adenovirus encoding either MRP-1/CD9 cDNA, KAI1/CD82 cDNA, or LacZ gene into the mouse lung and (b) the intratracheal administration of these adenoviruses into the mice orthotopically preimplanted with LLC cells. In both cases, we found that the delivery of either MRP-1/CD9 or KAI1/CD82 cDNA dramatically reduced the metastases to the mediastinal lymph nodes in comparison with those of LacZ gene delivery, without affecting the primary tumor growth at the implanted site. These results reemphasize the important role of MRP-1/CD9 and KAI1/CD82 in the suppression of the metastatic process and also show the feasibility of gene therapy when using these tetraspanins for lung cancer to prevent metastasis to the regional lymph nodes. This strategy may therefore be clinically applicable as a prophylactic treatment to suppress the occurrence of lymph node metastasis.     

KAI1/CD82在神经母细胞瘤组织中的表达及其与预后的关系

背景与目的KAI1/CD82是近年来发现的肿瘤转移抑制基因,它的失活与某些肿瘤的进展和浸润有关。本研究旨在通过检测KAI1/CD82蛋白在神经母细胞瘤中的表达,探讨其与神经母细胞瘤临床病理特征和预后的关系。方法用免疫组化EnVision法检测90例神经母细胞瘤瘤组织中KAI1/CD82蛋白的表达,结合临床资料与随访资料进行统计学分析。结果39.3%(11/28)节细胞神经母细胞瘤KAI1/CD82呈阳性表达,14.5%(9/62)神经母细胞瘤KAI1/CD82呈阳性表达(P=0.014)。KAI1/CD82的表达与神经母细胞瘤的分化程度呈显著性正相关,且KAI1/CD82的表达与临床分期呈显著性负相关(P=0.003)。结论KAI1/CD82表达的改变是神经母细胞瘤发生的早期事件,其表达下调是神经母细胞瘤分化和转移的一个潜在标志。此标记物可能作为临床评估预后的综合指标之一。     

KAI1基因在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及意义

 目的 探讨肿瘤转移抑制基因KAI1基因在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及其与患者临床病理指标的关系。 方法 采用RT-PCR和Western blot法,检测48例肺癌患者手术切除的新鲜肺癌组织标本和20例同期手术切除的肺部良性病变周围正常组织中KAI1 mRNA、KAI1/CD82,并结合患者的临床病理资料对其结果进行统计分析。 结果 肺癌组织和肺部良性病变组织中KAI1 mRNA的阳性率分别为52%和90%,KAI1/CD82蛋白的阳性率分别为48%和85%,肺癌组KAI1mRNA及KAI1/CD82蛋白表达均低于肺部良性病变组（P<0.01）;KAI1mRNA、KAI1/CD82表达水平与肺癌患者的临床分期、组织分化程度、淋巴结转移有关（P<0.05）,其中KAI1/CD82表达与淋巴结转移状况密切相关(P<0.01),肺癌组织中KAI1 mRNA与KAI1/CD82表达有相关性（P<0.01）。 结论 KAI1基因的低表达可能与非小细胞肺癌的发生、发展和转移有关;其下调的机制可能主要发生在转录水平;KAI1基因的表达可作为一项评估肺癌患者转移潜能的指标。     

KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 Serve as Markers of Infiltration,Metastasis, and Prognosis in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Objective: The current study explored the expression of KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 and its significance inlaryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Methods: The expression levels of KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 in 100LSCC tissue specimens, as well as in 30 para-LSCC non-carcinomatous tissue specimens randomly taken fromthe patients, were assessed using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and immunohistochemistryand correlations with pathological parameters of LSCC and their influence on survival function were analyzed.Results: KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 showed basically consistent changes in both mRNA and protein expression.Their expression in the 30 LSCC specimens was significantly lower compared with that in the correspondingnon-carcinous tissues (P < 0.01 or 0.05), notably correlating with TNM stage, differentiation degree, clinicalstage, and lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.01 or 0.05), but not gender, age, and LSCC growth sites (P > 0.05). Themedian survival of patients with positive KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 protein expression was longer than that ofpatients with negative protein expression (P < 0.01 or 0.05). KAI1/CD82 protein expression negatively correlatedwith MRP1/CD9 protein expression in LSCC (χ2= 31.25, P < 0.01). Conclusion: KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9may jointly participate in the development of LSCC. They may serve as the markers for judging the infiltration,metastasis, and prognosis of LSCC.     

食管鳞癌组织MTA2表达与淋巴结转移相关性的探讨

目的:探讨食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)组织中转移相关基因2(MTA2)的表达与淋巴结转移的关系及其临床意义.方法:免疫组织化学(SP)方法及流式细胞技术检测102例ESCC标本反12例癌旁正常黏膜组织中MTA2蛋白的表达,统计分析其表达与ESCC淋巴结转移的关系.结果:MTA2在癌旁正常食管黏膜组织中无表达,在部分ESCC组织中呈阳性表达,阳性率为68.6％(70/102),其中强阳性28例;ESCC组织中淋巴结转移组与未转移组MTA2蛋白表达的强阳性率分别为68.2％(15/22)、27.1％(13/48),差异有统计学意义,P=0.003; MTA2的阳性表达与ESCC的淋巴结转移数目及淋巴结转移率均呈正相关,P值分别为0.006、0.001;流式细胞技术结果显示,淋巴结转移组与非转移组MTA2蛋白相对含量分别为252.11±30.22、161.42±22.89,差异有统计学意义,t=15.11,P=0.000.结论:MTA2蛋白的阳性表达与SCC的淋巴结转移密切相关,MTA2可能是ESCC一种新的标志及治疗靶点.