AZFc区gr/gr及DAZ基因拷贝缺失与原发性男性生精障碍的相关性研究

目的探讨Y染色体AZFc区gr/gr缺失及DAZ基因拷贝缺失与男性生精障碍的相关性。方法运用PCR与PCR-RFLP检测技术,对252例正常生精男性,430例原发性生精障碍男性患者进行Y染色体AZFc区gr/gr缺失及DAZ基因拷贝缺失分析。结果正常生精男性组gr/gr缺失率为5.2%,原发性生精障碍组gr/gr缺失率为10.2%,P=0.021,差异有统计学意义;正常生精男性组DAZ1/DAZ2基因拷贝共缺失率为2.0%,原发性生精障碍组中DAZ1/DAZ2基因拷贝共缺失率为7.0%,P=0.004,差异亦有统计学意义;正常生精男性组DAZ3/DAZ4基因拷贝共缺失率为3.2%,在生精障碍组中DAZ3/DAZ4基因拷贝的共缺失率为3.3%,P=0.954,差异无统计学意义。结论在原发性男性生精障碍患者中存在较高频率的gr/gr缺失及DAZ1/DAZ2基因共缺失,提示gr/gr缺失及DAZ1/DAZ2基因拷贝的共缺失是男性不育的高风险因子。     

Y染色体AZFc区gr/gr和b2/b3缺失与男性生精障碍的相关性研究

目的 探讨Y染色体AZFc区gr/gr、b2/b3缺失与男性生精障碍的相关性。方法 选取2020年1月至2022年12月就诊于南部战区总医院的302例男性生精障碍患者（无精症81例、少精症221例）为实验组，141例同期精子数目正常的健康体检男性为对照组，针对AZFc区gr/gr特异性STS位点（sY1291）、b2/b3特异性STS位点（sY1191）、AZFc区基础STS位点（sY254、sY255）和内参对照（ZFX/Y、SRY），设计特异性引物和探针，采用实时荧光定量PCR法对两组研究对象进行检测。结果 实验组共检出gr/gr缺失32例（10.60%）、b2/b3缺失34例（11.26%），其中81例无精症患者检出gr/gr缺失10例（12.35%）、b2/b3缺失8例（9.88%）;221例少精症患者检出gr/gr缺失22例（9.95%）、b2/b3缺失26例（11.76%）。对照组共检出gr/gr缺失19例（13.48%）、b2/b3缺失7例（4.96%）。实验组b2/b3缺失的发生率明显高于对照组（P=0.033），而gr/gr缺失组间差异无统计学意义（P=0.376）。...     

gr/gr-DAZ1/DAZ2基因缺失与男性不育

目的 研究中国人群中gr/gr-DAZ1/DAZ2缺失与男性不育的关系。方法 应用PCR和RFLP分析的方法，在364例男性不育患者和287个正常男性中，对gr/gr-DAZ1/DAZ2基因缺失进行调查。结果 在男性不育患者和正常男性中均发现gr/gr-DAZ1/DAZ2基因缺失，但男性不育患者中的缺失频率显著高于正常男性（9.3% vs. 2.8%, P<0.001）。结论gr/gr-DAZ1/DAZ2基因缺失不是中国人群男性不育的直接致病遗传因素，而是一个发病的风险因子，尚不足以作为男性不育基因诊断的指标。     

Ein Verfahren zur graphischen Ermittlung des systolischen und diastolischen Blutdruckes in den grösseren und kleineren Arterien (z. B. Finger) des Menschen

Zusammenfassung Es wird ein leicht zu handhabendes Verfahren der graphischen Ermittlung des systolischen und diastolischen Blutdruckes in den Arterien (auch in ganz peripheren Arterien, z. B. im Finger) durch Registrierung der Korotkoffgeräusche und des Pulses in einem Kurvenzug durch das Infratonmikrophon beschrieben. Als Registriergeräte können alle handelsüblichen EKG-Apparate ohne zusätzliche Verstärkung benutzt werden. Besonders gut eignen sich die modernen Direktschreiber. Die Methode kann auch zur intermittierenden Fern- und Dauer-registrierung des Blutdruckes und zur Kreislaufüberwachung im Operationssaal mit Vorteil eingesetzt werden.Herrn Dr.Ritzmann, Siemens-Reiniger, Erlangen, sei für die Unterstützung bei der Durchführung der Arbeit auch an dieser Stelle gedankt.     

Expression and regulation of αB-crystallin in the kidney in vivo and in vitro

αB-crystallin, a major component of the mammalian eye lens, is a small heat shock protein and molecular chaperone that is also abundant in the mammalian kidney. The present study aimed to characterize more closely the intrarenal expression and regulation of αB-crystallin in vivo and in vitro. In normal rat kidney, the expression of αB-crystallin mRNA and protein were both close to the detection limit in cortex, but increased steeply from the outer to the inner medulla where αB-crystallin constitutes approximately 2% of total tissue protein. Immunohistochemistry disclosed papillary collecting duct cells and thin limbs as the major sites for intrapapillary αB-crystallin immunoreactivity. In rats subjected to sucrose diuresis for 3 days, αB-crystallin mRNA expression was reduced by 27 and 46% in outer and inner medulla, respectively. In agreement with the results obtained in vivo, in Madine–Darby canine kidney cells, αB-crystallin mRNA and protein were induced significantly by elevating the medium osmolality to 500 mosm/kg H₂O by the addition of NaCl and raffinose, and also by urea. The NaCl-induced increase in αB-crystallin expression was concentration-dependently blunted by SP600125, a specific JNK inhibitor. Overexpression of αB-crystallin in 293 cells resulted in increased tolerance to acute osmotic stress. These results indicate that αB-crystallin may be regulated by papillary interstitial tonicity in a JNK-dependent process. Moreover, the high abundance of αB-crystallin in the renal medulla may be important for cell survival in an environment characterized by extreme interstitial solute concentrations as present during antidiuresis.     

Hepatitis E in liver transplant recipients in the Rhône-Alpes region in France

Purpose

In developed countries, hepatitis E virus (HEV) is considered an emerging pathogen, but prevalence seems highly variable according to previous European studies. As HEV can lead to chronic infections in immunosuppressed patients, it is thus essential to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of this infection.

Methods

We determined retrospectively, in a cohort of 206 pediatric and adult liver transplant recipients from the Rhône-Alpes region in France, pre-transplant anti-HEV-IgG prevalence and incidence of HEV infections during post-transplant follow-up (HEV IgG and IgM ± HEV-RNA).

Results

Transplantations were carried out between 2005 and 2012 and mean post-transplant follow-up was 32.8 months. Global pre-transplant prevalence of anti-HEV IgG was 29 %, increasing regularly with age from 7 % for children under 15 to 49 % for patients older than 60. From the 142 seronegative patients before transplant, 11 seroconversions (7.7 %) were observed during follow-up (incidence of 2.83 cases per 100 person-years). HEV RNA—tested at transaminases peak or randomly—was detected in only one case of seroconversion. For at least 2 HEV-seropositive patients, who had negative RNAemia before transplantation, viral RNA was detected chronically during follow-up, suggesting reinfection with HEV.

Conclusion

Acute infections were largely more frequent than chronic infections and were asymptomatic or misdiagnosed, suggesting that liver transplant patients may not be particularly prone to developing severe HEV hepatitis. In addition, the presence of IgG anti-HEV may not protect against re-infection. Serological testing, therefore, appears to be of limited interest for the diagnosis of HEV infections in liver transplant recipients.     

Changes in PaO_2 and pH in experimental hepatocarcinoma

Changes in PaO_2 and pH in experimental hepatocarcinoma     

Working Memory in Bees: Also in Flies?

Abstract: Decision making requires reference to both actual and remote information in the context of the requirements of the animal. Here, I explore a cognitive approach to decision making in honeybees and ask the question whether flies may share the faculties observed in bees. Examples are drawn primarily from natural behavior in bees, particularly from navigation and communication. I conclude that studies in Drosophila learning and memory in the tradition of Martin Heisenberg may gain from cognitive concepts, meaning that the “internal doing” of the brain should be included in the search for the neural basis of decision making.     

Ultrasonics in Medicine

Aug.17At RoomPm 13,00一15,00,15,30一17,00No.7(208)CO一CHAIRMAN Prof。Gao ShangkaiProf。Tsuyoshi ShiinaTITLEABSTRACT PAGES‘尹eial ultrasound probes for eardiae and eardiovaseular diagnosis N .BomFast reeonstru、tion method of refleetion mode difraetiontomographyu几der limited angle eondition T而yoshi Shiina,et al.··········.·..............……。.......……。.Reeonstruetion of the left and right ventrieles and ealeulation of467468CHINESE J.BIOMED.ENG.VOL.2 NO…     

Surgical pathology in sub-Saharan Africa—volunteering in Malawi

The breadth of material found in surgical pathology services in African countries differs from the common spectrum of “the West”. We report our experience of a voluntary work in the pathology departments of Blantyre and Lilongwe, Malawi. During a 6-week period, 405 cases (378 histology and 27 cytology cases) were processed. The vast majority showed significant pathological findings (n?=?369; 91.1 %): 175 cases (47.4 %) were non-tumoral conditions with predominance of inflammatory lesions, e.g., schistosomiasis (n?=?11) and tuberculosis (n?=?11). There were 39 (10.6 %) benign tumors or tumor-like lesions. Intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix uteri dominated among premalignant conditions (n?=?15; 4.1 %). The large group of malignancies (n?=?140; 37.9 %) comprised 11 pediatric tumors (e.g., rhabdomyosarcoma, small blue round cell tumors) and 129 adult tumors. Among women (n?=?76), squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the cervix uteri predominated (n?=?25; 32.9 %), followed by breast carcinomas (n?=?12; 15.8 %) and esophageal SCC (n?=?9; 11.8 %). Males (n?=?53) most often showed SCC of the esophagus (n?=?9; 17.0 %) and of the urinary bladder (n?=?7; 13.2 %). Lymphomas (n?=?7) and Kaposi's sarcomas (n?=?6) were less frequent. Differences compared to the western world include the character of the conditions in general, the spectrum of inflammatory lesions, and the young age of adult tumor patients (median 45 years; range 18–87 years). Providing pathology service in a low-resource country may be handicapped by lack of personnel, inadequate material resources, or insufficient infrastructure. Rotating volunteers offer a bridge for capacity building of both personnel and the local medical service; in addition, the volunteer's horizons are broadened professionally and personally.     

Vascularization in Ornamented Osteoderms: Physiological Implications in Ectothermy and Amphibious Lifestyle in the Crocodylomorphs?

Vascularization in the core of crocodylian osteoderms, and in their superficial pits has been hypothesized to be a key feature involved in physiological thermoregulation and/or acidosis buffering during anoxia (apnea). However, up to now, there have been no quantitative data showing that the inner, or superficial, blood supply of the osteoderms is greater than that occurring in neighboring dermal tissues. We provide such data: our results clearly indicate that the vascular networks in both the osteoderms and the pits forming their superficial ornamentation are denser than in the overlying dermis. These results support previous physiological assumptions and indicate that vascularization in pseudosuchian (crocodylians and close relatives) ornamented osteoderms could be part of a broad eco‐physiological adaptation towards ectothermy and aquatic ambush predation acquired by the crocodylomorphs during their post‐Triassic evolution. Moreover, regressions demonstrate that the number of enclosed vessels is correlated with the sectional area of the cavities housing them (superficial pits and inner cavities). These regressions can be used to infer the degree of vascularization on dry and fossilized osteoderms and thus document the evolution of the putative function of the osteoderms in the Pseudosuchia. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 301:175–183, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.