Isolated right external iliac lymph node recurrence from a primary cecum carcinoma: report of a case

Isolated lymph node recurrence in the right external iliac region in cases of cecum carcinoma is extremely rare, and the significance of surgical resection for isolated lymph node recurrence has not been established due to the low number of such cases. We report the first case of isolated right external iliac lymph node recurrence from a primary cecum carcinoma, successfully treated by surgical resection.     

直肠癌前切除术后局部复发的危险因素分析

目的：分析和总结Dixon手术后肿瘤局部复发的影响因素,以提高保肛手术治疗直肠癌的远期疗效。方法：收集我院从2005年1月到2007年12月行直肠癌根治性前切除术患者114例的临床资料,回顾性分析术后肿瘤局部复发的危险因素。结果：114例中有13例（11．4％,13／114）确诊了Dixon术后肿瘤局部复发,复发首次确诊时间为6—21个月（平均11个月）。其中男性患者10例（14．71％,10／68）,年龄〉60岁者3例（4．84％,3／62）,肿瘤距肛缘距离~〈6cm者9例（21．95％,9／41）,远切缘~〈2cm者4例（36．36％,4／11）,行全直肠系膜切除者2例（5．56％,2／36）,术后行辅助下化疗者7例（8．24％,7／85）,肿瘤恶雌高者7例（14．29％,7／49）,Duckg分期中A、B期者1例（2．86％,1／35）、C、D期者12例（15．19％,12／79）。结论：男性患者、年龄≤60岁、肿瘤距肛缘距离≤6cm、远切缘≤2cm、未行全系膜切除、术后未行辅助化疗、病理分型恶性度高者及Duckg分期为C、D期患者,术后局部复发的比例显著增高。     

局部治疗在直肠癌盆腔侧方淋巴结转移中的作用北大核心CSCD

盆腔侧方淋巴结(LPLN)转移是直肠癌预后不佳因素, 在低位、T3-T4期、直肠系膜淋巴结阳性情况下更常见, 但无准确预测转移的因素。高分辨率MRI是目前诊断LPLN转移的首选手段, 但阈值选择仍不明确。局部进展期直肠癌的侧方淋巴结转移治疗模式在全球存在分歧, 欧美国家主张放化疗联合直肠全系膜切除术, 而日本推荐直肠全系膜切除术联合LPLN清扫。放疗与手术联合可取得很好的局控, 利用放疗前、后MRI的侧方淋巴结信息, 可筛选出高危患者进行强化治疗, 如放化疗后行LPLN清扫或LPLN区放疗推量。目前各种手段在治疗LPLN转移方面的作用仍缺乏高质量证据, 尚需更多的研究来改善治疗策略。     

低位直肠癌选择性侧方淋巴结清扫研究进展

盆腔侧方淋巴结(Lateral pelvic lymph node,LPLN)是低位直肠癌患者常见的局部转移部位,同时也是术后局部复发的主要部位,然而目前对于LPLN转移的治疗方案仍没有明确的定论.同时LPLN的转移应被看作是局部而不是全身,新辅助放化疗(Chemoradiotherapy,CRT)并不能替代手术清扫,...     

Location of pelvic recurrence after «curative» low anterior resection for rectal cancer

AIMS: It has been emphasized that the mesorectum is the key to local recurrence after resection for rectal cancer. In view of this we studied the location of recurrences, relative to the bed of the primary tumour, the neorectum and the level of anastomoses, in patients referred for recurrences after low anterior resection (LAR) in the . METHODS: The relative level above the anal verge of the primary cancer, the anastomosis and the recurrence was registered by proctoscopy in 46 patients operated on for recurrent cancer after low anterior resection. The origin of the recurrence was determined from the operative specimen. RESULTS: The median level of the primary cancers was 10 cm above the anal verge, with the anastomoses 2 cm lower, the majority being within 2 cm. Most recurrences were within 1 cm of the anastomosis. No rectal cancer occurred more than 3 cm distal to the anastomosis. Seventy to 80% of recurrences started peri-rectally, most invading the anastomosis. CONCLUSIONS: The tumour bed is most often the origin of the recurrence. Recurrences were mostly due to inadequate radial, and in a few cases longitudinal, dissection of the mesorectum. Virtually all recurrences were within reach of the examining finger. At follow-up of rectal cancers most local recurrences can therefore be identified earlier by digital examination than by proctoscopy.     

Nomogram for predicting lymph node metastasis rate of submucosal gastric cancer by analyzing clinicopathological characteristics associated with lymph node metastasis

Background

To combine clinicopathological characteristics associated with lymph node metastasis for submucosal gastric cancer into a nomogram.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 262 patients with submucosal gastric cancer who underwent D2 gastrectomy between 1996 and 2012. The relationship between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features was statistically analyzed. With multivariate logistic regression analysis, we made a nomogram to predict the possibility of lymph node metastasis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was also performed to assess the predictive value of the model. Discrimination and calibration were performed using internal validation.

Results

A total number of 48 (18.3%) patients with submucosal gastric cancer have pathologically lymph node metastasis. For submucosal gastric carcinoma, lymph node metastasis was associated with age, tumor location, macroscopic type, size, differentiation, histology, the existence of ulcer and lymphovascular invasion in univariate analysis (all P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that age ≤50 years old, macroscopic type III or mixed, undifferentiated type, and presence of lymphovascular invasion were independent risk factors of lymph node metastasis in submucosal gastric cancer (all P<0.05). We constructed a predicting nomogram with all these factors for lymph node metastasis in submucosal gastric cancer with good discrimination [area under the curve (AUC) =0.844]. Internal validation demonstrated a good discrimination power that the actual probability corresponds closely with the predicted probability.

Conclusions

We developed a nomogram to predict the rate of lymph node metastasis for submucosal gastric cancer. With good discrimination and internal validation, the nomogram improved individualized predictions for assisting clinicians to make appropriated treatment decision for submucosal gastric cancer patients.     

胸段食管鳞癌左开胸二野清扫术后复发规律的探讨

目的:分析胸段食管鳞癌根治性左侧开胸二野清扫术后复发的规律,为术后辅助性治疗提供依据。方法:收集1998年6月-2012年12月收治的111例胸段食管鳞癌术后复发的患者,分析其复发情况。结果:111例患者中位复发时间为16.0个月,82.9%患者在术后3年内复发,复发时临床表现以声音嘶哑为最常见（36.0%）。复发类型:单纯局部区域复发76.6%,单纯远处转移6.3%,区域复发合并远处转移17.1%（P=0.000）。局部复发中纵隔淋巴结转移60.4%,下颈锁骨区淋巴结转移48.6%,腹腔淋巴结转移10.8%,吻合口复发15.3%,瘤床区复发1.8%。远处转移26例中,肺转移占50.0%。不同原发部位食管癌之间复发区域的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。纵隔淋巴结转移中,上纵隔复发率55.9%,中纵隔19.8%,下纵隔淋巴结转移1.8%（P=0.000）,在纵隔淋巴结复发中,1、2区淋巴结复发率分别为42.3%和34.2%,4区22.5%,7区18.0%。采用logistic分析复发部位与临床资料相关性,结果显示纵隔淋巴结转移与T分期有关。结论:胸段食管鳞癌根治性左开胸二野清扫术后复发多在术后3年内发生,以声音嘶哑常见,淋巴结复发为主要复发类型,其中下颈锁骨区及上纵隔1、2区淋巴结复发多见,不同原发部位食管癌之间复发区域无差异。     

Local recurrences in western low rectal cancer patients treated with or without lateral lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy: An international multi-centre comparative study

BackgroundIn the West, low rectal cancer patients with abnormal lateral lymph nodes (LLNs) are commonly treated with neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy (nCRT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME). Additionally, some perform a lateral lymph node dissection (LLND). To date, no comparative data (nCRT vs. nCRT + LLND) are available in Western patients.MethodsAn international multi-centre cohort study was conducted at six centres from the Netherlands, US and Australia. Patients with low rectal cancers from the Netherlands and Australia with abnormal LLNs (≥5 mm short-axis in the obturator, internal iliac, external iliac and/or common iliac basin) who underwent nCRT and TME (LLND-group) were compared to similarly staged patients from the US who underwent a LLND in addition to nCRT and TME (LLND + group).ResultsLLND + patients (n = 44) were younger with higher ASA-classifications and ypN-stages compared to LLND-patients (n = 115). LLND + patients had larger median LLNs short-axes and received more adjuvant chemotherapy (100 vs. 30%; p < 0.0001). Between groups, the local recurrence rate (LRR) was 3% for LLND + vs. 11% for LLND- (p = 0.13). Disease-free survival (DFS, p = 0.94) and overall survival (OS, p = 0.42) were similar. On multivariable analysis, LLND was an independent significant factor for local recurrences (p = 0.01). Sub-analysis of patients who underwent long-course nCRT and had adjuvant chemotherapy (LLND-n = 30, LLND + n = 44) demonstrated a lower LRR for LLND + patients (3% vs. 16% for LLND-; p = 0.04). DFS (p = 0.10) and OS (p = 0.11) were similar between groups.ConclusionA LLND in addition to nCRT may improve loco-regional control in Western patients with low rectal cancer and abnormal LLNs. Larger studies in Western patients are required to evaluate its contribution.     

经“Ｈｏｌｙｐｌａｎｅ”间隙保留盆腔自主神经侧方淋巴结清扫术的临床观察

目的　探讨经“Ｈｏｌｙｐｌａｎｅ”间隙保留盆腔自主神经（ＨＰＡＮＰ）侧方淋巴结清扫术在男性直肠癌低位保肛术中的临床应用价值。方法　比较传统手术与ＨＰＡＮＰ侧方淋巴结清扫术在男性直肠癌低位保肛术中的应用情况,对各组患者的排尿功能、性功能、局部复发率和３年生存率等指标进行分析、评价。结果　ＨＰＡＮＰ侧方淋巴结清扫术组肿瘤下缘距肛门距离较传统手术组明显缩短（Ｐ＜０.０５）;术后排尿障碍、勃起障碍、射精障碍的发生率均低于传统手术组,组间比较差异有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０.０５）;ＨＰＡＮＰ手术术式分型与排尿障碍、勃起障碍、射精障碍分级之间呈正相关（Ｐ＜０.０５）;两组３年生存率无明显差异;局部复发率ＨＰＡＮＰ组明显低于传统手术组（Ｐ＜０.０５）。结论　ＨＰＡＮＰ侧方淋巴结清扫术对降低局部复发率、预防术后排尿障碍、勃起障碍、射精障碍等有较好的临床价值。     

Systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term oncological outcomes of lateral lymph node dissection for metastatic nodes after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer

BackgroundStandard Western management of rectal cancers with pre-treatment metastatic lateral lymph nodes (LLNs) is neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy (nCRT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME). In recent years, there is growing interest in performing an additional lateral lymph node dissection (LLND). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate long-term oncological outcomes of nCRT followed by TME with or without LLND in patients with pre-treatment metastatic LLNs.MethodsPubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched to identify comparative studies reporting long-term oncological outcomes in pre-treatment metastatic LLNs of nCRT followed by TME and LLND (LLND+) vs. nCRT followed by TME only (LLND-). Newcastle-Ottawa risk-of-bias scale was used. Outcomes of interest included local recurrence (LR), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Summary meta-analysis of aggregate outcomes was performed.ResultsSeven studies, including 946 patients, were analysed. One (1/7) study was of good-quality after risk-of-bias analysis. Five-year LR rates after LLND+ were reduced (range 3–15%) compared to LLND- (11–27%; RR = 0.40, 95%CI [0.25–0.62], p < 0.0001). Five-year DFS was not significantly different after LLND+ (range 61–78% vs. 46–79% for LLND-; RR = 0.72, 95%CI [0.51–1.02], p = 0.143), and neither was five-year OS (range 69–91% vs. 72–80%; RR = 0.72, 95%CI [0.45–1.14], p = 0.163).ConclusionIn rectal cancers with pre-treatment metastatic LLNs, nCRT followed by an additional LLND during TME reduces local recurrence risk, but does not impact disease-free or overall survival. Due to the low quality of current data, large prospective studies will be required to further determine the value of LLND.     

Oncologic impact of lateral lymph node metastasis at the distal lateral compartment in locally advanced low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy

IntroductionThe frequency and oncologic outcomes of lateral lymph node (LLN) metastasis at the most distal lateral compartment (DLC) among clinical stage II-III low rectal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy (nCRT) are poorly understood. The aim was to investigate the oncologic impact of LLN metastasis in the DLC versus the proximal lateral compartment (PLC).Materials and methodsConsecutive patients with low rectal cancer treated with nCRT followed by total mesorectal excision and selective LLN dissection including the DLC were analyzed retrospectively. DLC was defined as the area distal to the infra–piriformis foramen on axial MRI images. Size and location of LLN metastasis on MRI, and survival were retrospectively assessed.ResultsOf the 718 patients, 72 (10.0%) had pathological LLN metastasis. Thirty-two (44.4%) had metastasis in the DLC (DLC group), while 40 (55.6%) had metastasis in the PLC without metastasis in the DLC (PLC group). The proportion of ypN2 category tended to be lower in the DLC group (15.6% vs 35.0%, P = 0.105). The median number of metastatic LLN was similar (1 vs. 1, P = 0.691). The median short-axis size of metastatic LLN was smaller in the DLC group than in the PLC group on pre-treatment (P < 0.001) and re-staging (P = 0.004) MRI. By multivariable analysis, LLN metastasis in the DLC was predictive of better disease-free survival (HR, 0.412; 95% CI, 0.159–0.958, P = 0.039).ConclusionLLN metastasis in the DLC is frequent and has favorable oncologic outcomes after surgical dissection with nCRT.     

Hyperfractionated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy for para-aortic lymph node recurrence in carcinoma of the cervix

PURPOSE: To evaluate efficacy, toxicity, and patterns of relapse in patients treated with hyperfractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) with concurrent chemotherapy for para-aortic lymph node (PALN) recurrence of cervical carcinoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between September 1997 and October 2000, 12 cervical carcinoma patients with isolated PALN recurrence who had previously received radical or postoperative radiotherapy were treated with HFRT and concurrent chemotherapy. The initial FIGO stage was Stage IB in 4 (33%) patients, Stage IIA in 2 (17%), and Stage IIB in 6 (50%). The radiation field encompassed the gross recurrent PALN with the superior margin at the upper end of the T12 body and the inferior margin between L5 and S1. The fractionated dose was 1.2 Gy in 2 daily fractions, and the median total dose was 60 Gy. The weekly concurrent chemotherapy consisted of paclitaxel in 11 patients and cisplatin in 1. The median number of cycles of chemotherapy was 5. RESULTS: The latent period to PALN recurrence from the time of initial treatment for all patients ranged from 2 to 92 months (median: 12 months). One month after treatment, the clinical tumor response evaluated was complete in 33% (4/12) and partial in 67% (8/12). The 3-year overall survival rate and median survival were 19% and 21 months, respectively. The latent period to PALN recurrence was the only significant prognostic factor; the median survival of patients who relapsed in < or =24 months from the initial treatment of cervical carcinoma was 13 months vs. 45 months for those relapsed at >24 months (p = 0.026). Grade 3-4 hematologic toxicity developed in 2 patients. Six (50%) patients experienced Grade 2 nausea. There were no late gastrointestinal or neurologic complications during the follow-up period. Subsequent distant metastases after PALN treatment developed in 58% (7/12). CONCLUSION: HFRT of 60 Gy to PALN with concurrent chemotherapy could be regarded as an effective treatment modality without significant acute or late toxicity. Patients with a latent period >24 months until PALN recurrence had a more favorable survival rate than those with a latent period 相似文献   

Sentinel lymph node biopsy as guidance for central neck dissection in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma

BACKGROUND.

Occult lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) can be detected by sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, but studies in larger patient cohorts undergoing complete central neck dissection may be required to assess the diagnostic accuracy of SLN. Therefore, the authors prospectively assessed the usefulness of SLN biopsy for the detection of central lymph node metastasis in patients with differentiated PTC who had no suspicious cervical lymphadenopathy.

METHODS.

After peritumoral injection of methylene blue, SLN biopsy was performed in 50 patients with newly diagnosed PTC who had no palpable or ultrasound (US)‐detected lymph node involvement. After SLN biopsy, all patients underwent total thyroidectomy and central neck dissection. The diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative SLN sampling was calculated by comparison with the final pathologic diagnosis.

RESULTS.

SLNs were identified in 46 of 50 patients (92%); of these, 14 SLNs were positive and 32 SLNs were negative on intraoperative frozen sections. One patient had a positive SLN in the jugular region and subsequently underwent modified radical neck dissection. Final pathologic examination revealed that 18 patients (36%), including 4 who had negative SLNs, had central lymph node metastasis. Thus, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of SLN biopsy were 77.8%, 100%, 92%, 100%, and 88.9%, respectively. Temporary and permanent hypocalcemia developed in 19 patients and 1 patient, respectively. There were no direct complications of SLN sampling.

CONCLUSIONS.

SLN biopsy in patients with PTC without gross clinical or US lymph node involvement was able to detect occult metastasis with high accuracy and may have the potential to select patients who require central neck dissection. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.