兔缺血后肢静脉动脉化后远端形态学及微循环的改变

目的研究静脉动脉化对兔后肢缺血形态学及微循环的影响。方法制备兔单侧后肢缺血动物模型 ,在此基础上即刻行股浅动脉近侧端与伴行股浅静脉的端侧吻合 ,完成缺血 动静脉转流模型。于实验的第 1周、第4周时 ,分别取缺血组、缺血 动静脉转流组术肢远端的腓肠肌及胫神经组织作光、电镜观察 ,并于术前、术后 4周采集转流组的股动脉、股深静脉血做血气分析。结果缺血组术肢可见跛行 ,肢体坏死 ,动物 1周后死亡。光、电镜观察显示 :转流组术后 1周肌肉、神经组织变性坏死 ;术后 4周肌肉、神经组织出现修复性改变。血气分析显示 :术前灌注动脉血和回流静脉血与术后 4周血液比较无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论分期静脉动脉化可使缺血肢体的组织营养、微循环得到有效改善     

股-股动脉人工血管转流术治疗高危主髂动脉闭塞症的临床研究

目的:探讨股-股动脉人工血管转流术治疗高危单侧主髂动脉闭塞症。方法:回顾性分析2004年7月～2006年10月应用股-股动脉人工血管转流术治疗高危重症单侧主髂动脉闭塞症9例。术前均有静息痛。踝肱指数为0.25±0.15。结果:9例均行股-股动脉耻骨上人工血管转流术,一期行患侧股-腘动脉转流术2例,腘动脉切开取栓术4例,股总动脉和股深动脉开口内膜剥脱术5例,均获得成功,无重要脏器并发症和手术死亡。术后1周踝肱指数为0.67±0.15,与术前相比有显著提高(P<0.05)。平均随访12个月(4～30个月),1例术后17个月出现静息痛,2例残余有轻度间歇性跛行。结论:股-股动脉人工血管转流术在治疗高危重症单侧主髂动脉闭塞症中有着重要的临床价值。     

静脉动脉化对微循环重建影响的研究

目的 研究静脉动脉化对新西兰大白兔后肢微循环重建、组织形态学变化的影响.方法 选取新西兰大白兔60只,分为动静脉转流组(A组)和缺血模型组(B组)各30只.A组制作静脉动脉化模型,B组制作缺血模型.于手术后第1、2、3、4周取A、B两组股动脉、股深静脉血做血气分析,取远端腓肠肌做切片在光镜及电镜下观察,取股动脉血分离血清测血清细胞因子,检测不同时相变化.结果 与术前比较,A和B组术后1周灌注动脉血与回流静脉血血氧分压差和二氧化碳分压差显著降低(P＜0.05),并且A、B组间上述指标对比有显著性差异(P＜0.05).B组在术后1周后陆续因感染而死亡.术后4周,A组上述指标与术前相比无显著性差异(P＞0.05).术后1周,B组肌肉组织弥漫坏死,A组肌纤维大小不等,萎缩变性,纤维间有炎性细胞浸润;术后2～3周,A组肌纤维逐渐恢复,炎细胞对比减少;术后4周,A组肌纤维排列有序,无萎缩变性及坏死征象.与术前比较,术后1周A和B组血清因子含量明显提高(P＜0.05),而术后4周,A组血清因子与术前相比无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 静脉动脉化可使缺血肢体组织营养供应、微循环得到一定程度的恢复.     

椎动脉重度狭窄或闭塞部位与后循环缺血的相关性研究

目的:探讨椎动脉(VA)重度狭窄或闭塞部位与后循环缺血(PCI)的相关性。方法:回顾性连续纳入单侧VA的V1～V4段重度狭窄或闭塞患者408例,且均经颈部动脉超声(CDU)、DSA和/或CT血管成像(CTA)证实。依据单侧VA重度狭窄或闭塞部位,分单纯V1段病变组(267例)、单纯V2段病变组(40例)、单纯V3～V4段病变组(101例);依据是否有后循环缺血症状:分症状组(195例)及无症状组(213例)。CDU检测记录并分析VA各部位血流动力学参数-收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张期末流速(EDV)、阻力指数(RI)、VA管径(VAD),评估VA重度狭窄或闭塞部位与PCI的相关性。结果:VA患侧各病变部位与健侧同一部位比较,其PSV、EDV、VAD差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);V2段重度狭窄时,其RI无明显差异(P=0.762)。V1段或V3～V4段重度狭窄或闭塞时,其椎间段血流频谱有明显改变。V1、V2段狭窄性病变与PCI症状无明显相关性(相依系数分别为0.106,P=0.053;0.123,P=0.323);而V3～V4段狭窄性病变与PCI症状适度相关(相依系数=0.217,P=0.027)。结论:V3～V4段重度狭窄或闭塞易出现后循环缺血症状,CDU能有效评分析VA重度狭窄或闭塞的病变部位,为临床及时治疗及评估预后提供可靠依据。     

闭合性肘关节脱位合并肱动脉损伤2例

1 临床资料 例1,男,34岁.因跳起投篮时摔下,手掌撑地,左肘肿痛、屈伸受限1小时来院.检查;左肘畸形,桡、尺动脉搏动消失,前臂及手部皮温低,手掌桡侧感觉减退.X线示左肘关节后脱位.即行臂丛麻醉下切开复位肱动脉探查术,术中见肱动脉栓塞长约4cm,肱静脉断裂,正中神经挫伤,尺侧关节囊撕裂,滑车裸露.复位,修复关节囊.纵切栓塞段动脉,见血管内膜多处断裂,卷曲、阻塞管腔引起动脉闭塞.切除肱动脉损伤段,缺损约5cm.取7cm健侧大隐静脉倒置移植,远端桡、尺动脉搏动恢复.结扎肱静脉,屈肘90.石膏托外固定.术后3周彩超示左侧肱动脉在肘窝处呈"Z"形弯曲.收缩期血流速32cm/s,健侧46cm/s.术后当年冬天,遇寒冷或搬重物时前臂有轻度不适,8个月后能参加重体力劳动,随访2年5个月,前臂及手部肌肉无萎缩,感觉及云动正常.     

分期低位静脉动脉化治疗下肢广泛性动脉闭塞症

1985年,作者共利用分期腘动脉—胫腓干静脉转流术,治疗小腿动脉主干完全闭塞性病变的患肢6条,具体方法是取自体小隐或大隐静脉段,在倒置后先作腘动脉和胫腓干静脉间搭桥。2～4个月后,结扎转流口近侧的胫腓干静脉,把动静脉瘘转变为动脉血经静脉向远侧单向灌注。截至1986年6月,6条患肢均保持良好的血液循环。     

29例急性下肢动脉缺血的诊治

目的 探讨急性下肢动脉缺血的急诊诊治方法.方法 急性下肢动脉缺血29例分为2组:手术治疗组,23例,其中14例行单纯Fogarty导管取栓术,9例除行取栓术外,还辅以血管成形术或转流术;非手术治疗组,6例,采用非手术治疗方法.结果 非手术治疗组死亡1例,截肢2例.手术治疗组截肢1例,无死亡病例;结论急性下肢动脉缺血患者,在明确病因时,及时外科手段介入,能有效降低患者截肢率及病死率.     

静脉动脉化治疗血栓闭塞性脉管炎31例

目的:探讨静脉动脉化手术治疗下肢血栓闭塞性脉管炎的治疗经验。方法:对31例下肢动脉广泛闭塞的血栓闭塞性脉管炎患者行静脉动脉化手术,严密观察手术前后肢体症状和体征的变化,总结治疗经验。结果:术后患肢症状和体征均明显改善,长期随访5月至8年(平均3.5±0.5年)转流静脉通畅,患肢血运均良好,均未行截肢手术。结论:静脉动脉化手术可以改善肢体远端血供,是治疗下肢动脉广泛闭塞较有效的方法。     

胃肠转流术对糖尿病大鼠降糖作用及GLP-1,IGF-1水平的影响研究

目的探究胃肠转流术对对糖尿病大鼠大鼠的降糖作用及胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)和大鼠胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平的影响。方法选择60只SD大鼠,随机平均分为对照组、假手术组、十二指肠转流组和空肠组,将假手术组、十二指肠转流组和空肠组大鼠复制糖尿病模型,对十二指肠转流组和空肠组行胃肠转流术。分别于术前以及术后第1、3和8周检查各组大鼠血糖水平、胰岛素水平、血清GLP-1水平和血清IGF-1水平。结果(1)对照组和假手术组大鼠存活率为100.00%、假手术组大鼠存活率为100.00%、十二指肠转流组大鼠存活率为93.33%、存活率为86.67%;(2)术前假手术组、十二指肠转流组和空肠转流组的血糖和胰岛素水平没有显著性差异(P>0.05),但显著高于对照组(均P<0.05),术后第3和8周十二指肠转流组和空肠转流组的血糖和胰岛素水平显著性低于同时间点假手术组(均P<0.05),术后第3和8周十二指肠转流组的血糖水平显著性低于同时间点空肠转流组且显著性低于同组术前(均P<0.05);(3)术前假手术组、十二指肠转流组和空肠转流组的GLP-1和IGF-1水平没有显著性差异(P>0.05),但显著高于对照组(均P<0.05);术后第3和8周十二指肠转流组和空肠转流组的GLP-1和IGF-1水平显著性高于同时间点假手术组(均P<0.05);术后第3和8周十二指肠转流组的GLP-1和IGF-1水平显著性高于同时间点空肠转流组(均P<0.05)。结论胃肠转流术可以有效的治疗糖尿病模型大鼠,且随着转流大鼠小肠长度的增加,治疗糖尿病的作用更加明显,治疗糖尿病的作用机制之一可能为胃肠转流术升高GLP-1和IGF-1的合成分泌。     

3.0T磁共振DTI在单侧大脑中动脉闭塞中的诊断价值

目的 探讨3.0T磁共振不同b值DTI在单侧大脑中动脉闭塞中的诊断价值。方法 对36例常规MRI显示无明显缺血改变的单侧大脑中动脉重度狭窄或闭塞患者行不同b值（3100～400s/mm2）脑DTI成像,以健侧脑组织为对照,分析患侧大脑中动脉供血区脑白质不同b值ADC、FA值的变化。结果 b值自3100～1000s/mm2,患侧大脑中动脉供血区脑白质ADC值大于健侧脑白质ADC值（P＜0.05）;b值等于700、400s/mm2时,患、健侧大脑中动脉供血区脑白质ADC值差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;b值自3100～1300s/mm2时,患侧脑白质FA值小于健侧脑白质FA值（P＜0.05）,b值自1000～400s/mm2时,两侧大脑中动脉供血区脑白质FA值差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 对于常规MRI显示无明显缺血改变的脑动脉重度狭窄或闭塞患者,高b值DTI较常规b值DTI能够更敏感地检测缺血脑组织的弥散改变。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.