胸腰椎爆裂性骨折椎管形态改变与脊髓损伤的关系

目的　探讨胸腰椎爆裂性骨折椎管形态改变与脊髓损伤的关系。方法　对 5 6例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折病人进行CT、X线检查 ,测量椎管矢状径、横径、椎管面积和Cobb角 ,计算椎管狭窄率、椎管侵占率及矢状径与横径之比 ,并对病人的神经功能状况进行评估。结果　脊髓损伤组与无脊髓损伤组的椎管狭窄率、椎管侵占率、Cobb角、矢状径与横径之比的差异无显著性(P >0 0 5 ) ;31例脊髓损伤病人低运动评分组 (<2 5分 )与高运动评分组 (≥ 2 5分 )的椎管狭窄率、椎管侵占率和Cobb角的差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,椎管狭窄率、椎管侵占率与ASIA损伤分级和运动评分呈负相关 (rs=- 0 4 6～ - 0 5 2 ,P≤0 0 1) ,Cobb角与ASIA损伤分级呈负相关 (rs=- 0 36 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　椎管静态侵占和后凸畸形对胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的脊髓损伤结果有影响。     

胸腰段爆裂骨折椎管占位与早期神经损伤的关系

【摘要】 目的：探讨胸腰段爆裂骨折椎管内骨块占位程度与早期神经损伤的关系。方法：对2000年1月至2009年12月收治的115例胸腰段爆裂骨折急性期患者的CT扫描图像与神经损伤情况进行回顾性分析。无神经损伤组（Ａ组）43例,神经损伤组（Ｂ组）72例。对患者CT图像运用Image J图像分析软件进行测量,分别对伤椎及其相邻上下椎的椎管横径、矢状径和面积进行测量,计算相应的椎管占位率和矢状径与横径比值,将无神经损伤组与神经损伤组进行统计学分析。结果：伤椎的椎管矢状径、面积和矢状径/横径比值在T12节段A组分别     

经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术在胸腰段爆裂性骨折手术中的应用

目的 探讨经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术(TLIF)在胸腰段爆裂性骨折手术中的作用.方法 2010年1月至2012年1月应用TLIF技术治疗椎体前缘高度丢失大于50％,椎管占位率大于40％的胸腰段单节段爆裂性骨折患者共23例,男15例,女8例;年龄22～61岁,平均45.3岁;损伤节段:T12 5例,L115例,L23例.骨折按照Denis分型:均为爆裂性骨折.脊髓神经功能受损情况按美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)脊髓神经功能障碍分级:A级1例,B级2例,C级7例,D级11例,E级2例.结果 本组患者手术时间100～160 min,平均140 min;出血量200～750 mL,平均370 mL.无术中、术后并发症发生.术后随访5 ～ 24个月(平均12.3个月),末次随访时脊髓神经功能按ASIA分级:A级1例,B级1例,C级4例,D级7例,E级10例,平均提高1.8级.伤椎前缘高度由术前45.2％±17.6％恢复至术后90.2％±13.7％,后缘高度由术前81.5％±14.3％恢复至术后93.5％±15.4％,cobb角由术前28.4°±11.8°改善至术后6.4°±3.8°,以上指标差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 TLIF技术可用于胸腰段爆裂性骨折的治疗,能完成对骨折的减压、固定和前柱的支撑植骨融合,值得推广应用.     

伤椎椎弓根螺钉固定横突间植骨治疗胸腰段爆裂骨折

目的评价经伤椎行椎弓根螺钉固定结合横突间植骨治疗胸腰椎单节段椎体爆裂性骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2006年6月至2009年1月期间经伤椎行椎弓根螺钉固定结合横突间植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折病例资料16例,其中男性11例,女性5例;年龄21～68岁,平均42.4岁。收集的病例均为单节段椎体爆裂性骨折,伤椎仅一侧椎弓根置钉,即五钉固定法。比较术前术后椎体前缘高度、脊柱后凸角（矢状面Cobb′s角）、椎管正中矢状径、神经功能Frankel分级等指标。结果术后随访6～24个月,平均随访10.8个月,术后均获得较好复位,高度及外形基本恢复正常,无内固定物松动、断裂等并发症,手术前后椎体前缘高度、脊柱后凸角（矢状面Cobb′s角）、椎管正中矢状径比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,疼痛明显减轻,神经功能Frankel分级亦有改善。结论经伤椎行椎弓根螺钉固定结合横突间植骨治疗胸腰椎椎体爆裂性骨折可获得不错疗效,可以较好重建椎体高度,减少并发症,增强固定的稳定性及抗扭转能力,是治疗胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折一种可行、有效的方法 。     

重建胸腰段爆裂性骨折椎管矢状径的手术时间效应

胸腰椎骨折是脊柱损伤最常见的部位 ,爆裂性胸腰椎骨折占其发病率 15 % ,造成椎管狭窄 ,超过一半以上的病例合并脊髓神经的损伤[1] 。本文回顾性的分析 5 9例胸腰段爆裂性骨折的影像学和临床资料 ,探讨手术时间对重建胸腰段椎管矢状径的影响 ,以指导临床选择最佳手术治疗时间。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　自 1992年 1月至 1999年 12月我院共收治脊柱骨折 438例 ,选取符合下列标准 5 9例病人为研究对象。(1)有完整的初诊病史、术前Ｘ线ＣＴ摄片常规检查。 (2 )脊柱骨折类型按Ｄｅｎｓｉｓ分型属于爆裂性骨折 ,损伤平面胸12腰1～ 2 ,排除脱位…     

后入路手术治疗胸腰段爆裂性骨折

目的分析后入路手术治疗胸腰段爆裂性骨折的疗效及适应证。方法应用后入路手术治疗胸腰段爆裂性骨折38例。从影像学、手术操作过程及神经功能恢复等方面分析疗效。结果伤椎高度由47·3%恢复到94·4%;水平移位完全恢复;Cobb角由术前22·6°恢复到术后3·6°。椎管受压程度:删除椎管开放减压的7例,余受压面积由术前42%恢复到术后16%,受压的矢状径从术前54·9%恢复到81·8%。脊髓神经功能恢复依照Frankel分级标准均有1级以上改善。结论合理选择后入路手术对胸腰段爆裂性骨折治疗效果良好,手术中进行椎管造影有助于提高复位效果。     

伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎压缩爆裂骨折的应用及疗效分析

目的 探讨胸腰椎压缩爆裂性骨折采用后路伤椎置钉治疗的临床效果.方法 对采用后路伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎单节段压缩爆裂性骨折73例的临床资料进行分析.结果 本组获随访6～18个月,所有骨折均达到骨性愈合,术后伤椎高度、椎管矢状径、Cobb角较术前均有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 采用伤椎置钉治疗单节段椎体压缩爆裂性骨折手术简捷、出血少、复位效果好、术后远期随访椎体高度维持良好.     

胸腰椎爆裂性骨折正常矢状曲度的个体化测量及临床应用

目的 探讨获得胸腰椎爆裂性骨折正常矢状曲度的方法及其临床应用疗效.方法 对2010年6月至2012年1月收治的69例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究,男41例,女28例;年龄18 ～71岁,平均39.3岁.骨折节段:T116例,T12 22例,L120例,L2 12例,L36例,L4 3例;术前神经功能按美国脊髓损伤协会分级(ASIA):A级2例,B级4例,C级8例,D级20例,E级35例.术前模拟手术恢复胸腰椎正常矢状曲度并测量其数值,术中通过椎弓根螺钉与上终板平行,按术前测量数值个体化预弯连接棒角度个体化恢复胸腰椎正常矢状曲度.记录并比较患者术前、术后即刻、末次随访时的伤椎前缘高度比值、固定节段矢状曲度丧失角度及椎管占位程度. 结果 本组患者手术时间100 ～ 200min,平均137min;所有患者术后获12 ～ 25个月(平均14.3个月)随访.术后即刻和末次随访时的椎体前缘高度比值、固定节段矢状曲度丧失角度及椎管占位程度与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而末次随访时与术后即刻比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).均未见内固定松动、断裂发生,脊髓神经功能障碍术后无加重,67例不全截瘫患者ASIA分级均有1级以上改善. 结论 通过术前模拟手术个体化测量正常矢状曲度,按术前测量数值个体化预弯连接棒角度可以更好地恢复胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的椎体高度及矢状曲度,正常矢状曲度的恢复可以明显减少术后固定节段矢状角度的丢失和内固定断裂、松动的发生.     

Cloward术式治疗脊髓型颈椎间盘突出症疗效分析

目的 报告Ｃｌｏｗａｒｄ颈椎前路手术治疗脊髓型颈椎间盘突出症疗疚,分析术前各种因素对抹疗效的影响。方法 用核磁共振（ＭＲＩ）测量术前椎管矢状径、受累节段脊髓矢状径与横径比值、最小横断面积。结合手术前后神经功能评分,分析术前因素对手术疗效的影响。结果 单节段受累术后神经功能恢复优于多节段（Ｐ〈０．０１）。年龄、椎管矢径、脊髓矢状径和横径比值,对术后疗效无明显影响（Ｐ〉０．０５）,临床病程、综合征类型     

胸腰段脊柱脊髓重度损伤及相关解剖学研究

目的：了解腰段脊神经的解剖特点及这些解剖特点在胸腰段脊柱脊髓重度损伤时的诊断和治疗意义。方法：通过20例局解研究观测腰段脊神经与椎体平面之间的关系，脊神经的形态及移位情况。随访143例胸腰段脊柱脊髓损伤病人，对比观测环行减压和单纯椎板减压的效果。结果：腰段脊神经与椎体平面有相对固定关系，L1脊神经到L5脊神经逐渐增粗，它们在冠状面上虽可向对侧移位但不超过中线，环行减压组有8例术后神经功能障碍进一步加重。结论：胸腰段骨折行环行减压时要特别注意保护脊神经，避免过分牵拉加重损伤。     

The significance of thoracolumbar spinal canal size in spinal cord injury patients

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, consecutive case series. OBJECTIVES: To determine the relation between spinal canal dimensions and Injury Severity Score and their association with neurologic sequelae after thoracolumbar junction burst fracture. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There is a relation in the cervical spine between spinal canal dimension and its association with neurologic sequelae after trauma. A similar relation at the thoracolumbar junction has not been conclusively established. METHODS: Forty-three patients with thoracolumbar junction burst fractures (T12-L2),13 with and 30 without neurologic deficit, were included. Computed tomographic scans were used to measure the sagittal and transverse diameters and the surface area of the spinal canal at the level of injury, as well as one level above and one level below the fracture level. Injury severity score was calculated for both groups. Statistical analysis comparing those with a neurologic deficit to those without was performed by Student's t test. RESULTS: The ratio of sagittal-to-transverse diameter at the level of injury was significantly smaller in patients with a neurologic deficit than in those without a neurologic deficit (P < 0.05). The mean transverse diameter at the level of injury was significantly larger in patients with neurologic deficit than in the neurologically intact patients (P < 0.05). The surface area of the canal at the level below the injury was significantly larger in the patients with a neurologic deficit than in those without a deficit (P < 0.05). Patients with a neurologic deficit had a statistically higher Injury Severity Score when admitted than those without a neurologic deficit (P < 0.0001), although the difference became insignificant after the neurologic component of the scoring system was eliminated. CONCLUSION: There are no anatomic factors at the thoracolumbar junction that predispose to neurologic injury after burst fracture. The shape of the canal after injury, however, as determined by the sagittal-to-transverse diameter ratio, was predictive of neurologic deficit.     

胸腰椎爆裂骨折损伤部位和椎管内占位程度与神经损伤的关系

目的探讨胸腰椎爆裂骨折骨折部位及椎管内骨块占位程度与神经损伤的关系。方法对213例胸腰椎爆裂骨折根据骨折部位及CT测出的椎管内骨折骨块占位程度与神经损伤进行分析评定。结果神经损伤组椎管骨折骨块占位程度明显高于无神经损伤组;在有神经损伤情况下,骨折部位椎管内骨块占位程度腰段大于胸腰段;神经损伤程度与椎管内骨块占位程度无显著相关。结论胸腰椎爆裂骨折椎管内骨块占位压迫是神经损伤的重要因素;神经损伤与骨折部位和椎管内骨块占位程度联合相关。     

72例胸腰段爆裂性骨折患者神经功能缺失与伤后椎管狭窄相关性的研究

目的：研究胸腰段爆裂性骨折患者脊髓损伤程度与相应椎管狭窄两者间的相关性。方法：对1998年6月～2004年3月间收治的72例胸腰段爆裂骨折患者进行回顾性分析,脊髓功能按照Frankel分级进行评定,使用透明毫米尺对患者CT片椎管正中矢状径进行测量以此代表椎管面积,分别计算T11、T12、L1、L2四个节段两者的相关系数并进行直线相关分析。结果：T1、T12、L1、L2节段两者问相关系数分别为：O．3348、0．8457、0．6691、0．3336。提示T12水平两者具有较高的相关性,而在L1、L2节段两者的相关性较低。对相关系数进行显著性检验,结果显示在T12、L1椎管狭窄和脊髓功能损伤之间具有直线相关关系（P〈O．001）,而在T11、L2两个节段不能认为椎管狭窄和脊髓功能损伤间具有直线相关关系（P〉0．5,0．10〈P〈0．20）。结论：脊髓的损伤程度与椎管狭窄程度具有相关性。测量患者胸腰段爆裂骨折CT扫描图像中椎管占位面积的大小可以作为神经损伤程度的一个预测因素。     

The efficiency of ultrasound guided spinal fracture reposition

Summary To calculate canal compromise and decrease of midsagittal diameter caused by retropulsion of fragments into the spinal canal we analyzed the pre- and postoperative computed tomographies of 32 patients with unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures treated by USS (universal spine system). Our intention was to examine the efficiency of ultrasound guided repositioning of the dispaced fragments which was performed in all 32 cases. We found a clear postoperative enlargement of canal area (ASP preoperatively 55 %, postop. 80 %) and midsagittal diameter (MSD preop. 58 %, postop. 78 %). 10 of 13 patients presented a postoperative improvement of neurological deficit, no neurological deterioration occured. Fractures with neurological deficit showed more canal compromise (52 %) and less midsagittal diameter (MSD compromise 51 %) than those without (40 % or 39 %). There was no correlation between the percentage of spinal canal stenosis and the severity of neurological deficit. Below L 1 the spinal canal is greater than between Th 11 and L 1, so a more important spinal stenosis is tolerated. In case of unstable burst fractures with neurological deficit the ultrasound guided spinal fracture reposition is an effective procedure concerning the necessary improvement of spinal stenosis: an additional ventral approach for the revision of the spinal canal is unneeded. In fractures without neurologic deficit the repositioning of the displaced fragments promises an avoidance of long-term damages such as myelopathia and claudicatio spinalis.      

CT scan prediction of neurological deficit in thoracolumbar burst fractures.

In 139 patients with burst fractures of the thoracic, thoracolumbar or lumbar spine, the least sagittal diameter of the spinal canal at the level of injury was measured by computerised tomography. By multiple logistic regression we investigated the joint correlation of the level of the burst fracture and the percentage of spinal canal stenosis with the probability of an associated neurological deficit. There was a very significant correlation between neurological deficit and the percentage of spinal canal stenosis; the higher the level of injury the greater was the probability. The severity of neurological deficit could not be predicted.     

直接或间接复位对无神经症状型胸腰椎爆裂性骨折椎管重塑的影响

目的探讨直接或间接复位对无神经症状型胸腰椎爆裂性骨折椎管重塑的影响。方法将52例无神经症状型胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者按照手术方式不同分为直接复位组(n=26)和间接复位组(n=26)。比较两组患者椎体骨块占位率、椎体前缘高度降低百分比、Cobb角、椎管重塑矢状径的恢复比率及ODI评分。结果患者均获得随访,时间12~15个月。末次随访时,两组ODI评分均较术前明显降低(P<0.001),两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组椎体骨块占位率、椎体前缘高度降低百分比及Cobb角均较术前明显改善(P<0.01),两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);椎管重塑矢状径的恢复比率间接复位组为15.7%±8.9%,直接复位组为11.8%±9.2%,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论直接或间接复位治疗无神经症状型胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者均可获得较好的临床疗效。间接复位手术操作步骤减少,创伤小,且后期椎管重塑较好,更具优势。     

Die Bedeutung des Wirbelkanaldurchmessers im thorakolumbalen und lumbalen Bereich nach Trauma

A relationship between traumatic spinal canal stenosis and the degree of neurological deficit is known for the cervical spine. However, this has not been proven for the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine. During a period of 4 years, from 1996 to 1999, 1168 patients with a spinal injury were treated at our department, 473 of these by operation. Thirty-five were examined in a separate group.They showed a single fracture of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine with stenosis of the spinal canal. All fractures were single burst fractures after blunt trauma. All patients were conscious and fully oriented at the time of admission and a thorough neurological examination could be performed. The fractures were diagnosed by conventional X-ray in two views and computed tomography (CT). Using the transverse CT scans in horizontal view, the sagittal diameter was measured and the degree of stenosis calculated in percent at the level of the fracture and one below and above. The group included 25 male and 10 female patients, with a mean age of 38 years (range: 17-61 years). Of the 35 patients, 19 (54.3%) showed neurological deficits after spinal cord injury,and 16 (45.7%) were without any neurological complications at the time of first admission to the hospital. There was no correlation between the extent of spinal canal stenosis and the degree of the neurological deficit. One patient with stenosis of 20% suffered from neurological dysfunction, others with stenosis up to 80% were without spinal cord injury. The average stenosis of the spinal canal was 49.6% in cases with cord injury and 46.3% in patients without neurological dysfunction. No correlation and no predisposing anatomical structures could be found between stenosis and neurological deficit.     

Does neurological recovery in thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures depend on the extent of canal compromise?

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. OBJECTIVES: Forty-five consecutive cases of thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures treated non-operatively were analyzed to correlate the extent of canal compromise at the time of injury with (i) the initial neurologic deficit and (ii) with the extent of neurological recovery at 1 year. The effect of spinal canal remodeling on neurological recovery was also analyzed. SETTING: University teaching hospital in south India. METHODS: The degree of spinal canal compromise and canal remodeling were assessed from computed tomography scans. The neurologic status was assessed by Frankel's grading. RESULTS: The mean canal compromise in patients with neurologic deficit was 46.2% while in patients with no neurological deficit it was 36.3%. The mean spinal canal compromise in patients with neurological recovery was 46.1% and 48.4% in those with no recovery. The amount of canal remodeling in patients who recovered was 51.7% and 46.1% in the patients who did not recover. None of these differences was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This study shows that there is no correlation between the neurologic deficit and subsequent recovery with the extent of spinal canal compromise in thoracolumbar burst fractures.     

Comparison of computerized tomography parameters of the thoracolumbar spine in normal control subjects and spinal cord injured patients

The cross-sectional area and the sagittal and transverse diameters of the spinal canal at the thoracolumbar junction were measured using high resolution thin-section computerized tomography images in 15 control subjects and 28 patients with traumatic injury to the spinal cord at the thoracolumbar junction. No significant difference between the control and study groups was found with regard to any of the three measures taken. With the exception of the sagittal canal diameter for the first lumbar vertebra, all the mean values were higher for the spinal cord injured group. The ratio of the sagittal to transverse diameter was larger for the control group; however, this difference also was not significant. These findings suggest no significant differences in the dimensions and shape of the canal at the thoracolumbar region between the spinal cord injured and control groups. In contrast to the cervical spinal canal, there appears to be no correlation between the spinal cord injury and the dimensions of the thoracolumbar spinal canal.     

Neurologic recovery from thoracolumbar burst fractures: is it predicted by the amount of initial canal encroachment and kyphotic deformity?

BACKGROUND: The association between neurologic recovery and initial compromise of spinal canal and sagittal alignment has been rarely documented. This study was performed to better understand whether the degree of neurologic recovery from thoracolumbar burst fractures is affected and predicted by initial compromise of spinal canal and sagittal alignment. METHODS: Eighty-seven patients who underwent conservative or surgical treatment for thoracolumbar burst fractures between 1993 and 2001 were prospectively followed up for 3 to 10 years (average, 5.5 years). They were assessed for neurologic deficit and improvement as defined by the scoring system of ASIA, the stenotic ratio of spinal canal and kyphosis angle. RESULTS: The ASIA score in 52 patients with neurologic deficit averaged 34.0 (range, 0-50) on admission and 46.1 (range, 27-50) at final follow-up. All these patients except 2 with neurologic deficit experienced improvement with an average recovery rate of 72.7% (range, 0%-100%). No statistically significant difference (P > .05) in the stenotic ratio of spinal canal or kyphotic deformity was demonstrated among the patients with no neurologic deficit, with incomplete lesions, and with complete lesions. The stenotic ratio of spinal canal or kyphosis angle was not significantly correlated with initial and final ASIA score and recovery rate (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The neurologic recovery from thoracolumbar burst fractures is not predicted by the amount of initial canal encroachment and kyphotic deformity. When deciding on the treatment for patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures, both neurologic function and spinal stability should be taken into account.