经脐入路微型腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎加内环修补术234例

目的探讨经脐入路微型腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎加内环修补术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的临床效果。方法自2009年7月至2011年2月,采用经脐入路行微型腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎加内环修补术的方法治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝234例。于脐缘左右侧皱褶处分别戮孔置入微型腹腔镜和操作钳,内环口体表投影处剌入带线雪撬针,在器械钳配合下超高位缝合关闭疝囊;同一孔再次刺入带线疝针缝合腹横筋膜和脐内侧皱襞修补内环;各自体外打结,线结埋在皮下。结果所有手术均顺利完成,单侧疝手术时间10～20min,平均15min,双侧疝22min。患者术后12～18h肛门排气,2～4d出院,住院时间平均2．5d。除9例出现阴囊小气肿（24h后消失）外,未发现其他并发症。术后门诊随访2周。19个月,无疝复发、肠粘连、医源性隐睾和其他并发症发生,脐缘皱褶内瘢痕线状很难辨出。结论经脐入路微型腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎加内环修补术操作简单、术后疼痛轻、疗效确切,更加微创、美观,特别适合年长儿、婴幼儿巨大型和反复发作的普通型小儿腹股沟斜疝的治疗,值得在临床推广应用。     

二孔法腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝556例

目的探讨二孔法腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的价值。方法建立气腹（压力8~10 mmHg）,脐上5 mm trocar作为观察孔放置30°腹腔镜,于脐水平线对侧腹直肌外缘3 mm trocar作为操作孔。疝内环口体表投影处做一约2 mm微小切口,经此切口刺入带7号丝线的GraNee针（卡钩针）,沿内环口的外半周用缝荷包法缝合腹膜,至内环口下方,打开卡钩针,取下缝合线,闭合卡钩针,取出,再次刺入,沿内环口内半周缝合,至与第1针汇合时再次打开卡钩针,将腹腔内留置的缝线置于卡钩针的针孔内,闭合卡钩针并退出,将缝线带出腹腔,体外打结。结果 553例在腹腔镜下完成疝囊高位结扎术,每侧手术时间2~5 min,平均3 min。3例因肠管胀气明显,手术操作空间狭小而中转开放手术。97例患儿对侧存在隐匿性疝,一并行疝囊高位结扎术。426例随访3~18个月,平均10个月,3例术后7~16 d复发,分别于术后3~6个月再次行腹腔镜下疝内环口高位结扎术,未再复发;1例术后3个月出现线结异物反应,给予换药处理,6个月后拆除缝线,斜疝未复发;无阴囊红肿及阴囊积气病例。结论二孔法腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝效果满意,值得推广应用。     

腹腔镜在小儿腹股沟嵌顿疝手术中的应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜小儿腹股沟嵌顿疝手术的疗效. 方法 应用腹腔镜疝修补术治疗小儿腹股沟嵌顿疝32例（右侧20例,左侧12例）,经脐置入5 mm 30°腹腔镜,探查肠管有无坏死,对侧有无隐匿性疝,在耻骨联合与脐孔的中点置入5 mm分离钳,在患侧内环口体表投影点,用Endoclose针夹带7号丝线穿入腹壁至腹膜外层,围绕内环口在腹膜外完成荷包缝合,线拉出体外打结.若内环口直径≥1.5 cm,行疝内环缝合联合疝囊高位结扎术. 结果 32例均顺利完成手术,手术时间15～40 min,平均26 min.术后住院1～3 d,平均2.2 d.术后无并发症.32例随访4～28个月,平均21个月,无复发.结论 腹腔镜下修补小儿腹股沟嵌顿疝,疗效确切,安全可行.     

经脐腹腔镜联合针式抓钳在小儿疝囊高位结扎术中的应用

目的 探讨经脐腹腔镜联合针式抓钳在小儿疝囊高位结扎术中的价值.方法 我院2020年1～9月完成21例经脐腹腔镜联合针式抓钳小儿疝囊高位结扎术,经脐建立腔镜观察孔,置入针式抓钳,在针式抓钳辅助下在疝内环口腹膜前钩线1圈并结扎.结果 21例均在全麻下完成经脐腹腔镜联合针式抓钳小儿疝囊高位结扎术.手术时间单侧(34.8±14...     

腹腔镜下疝囊高位结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝156例

小儿腹股沟斜疝是小儿外科的常见疾病,其传统的治疗方法为疝囊高位结扎术。近年来,随着腹腔镜技术的飞速发展,腹腔镜下疝囊高位结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝已在多数基层医院开展,我院2003年至2007年共施行腹腔镜下疝囊高位结扎术156例,收到了良好的效果,现报告如下:1临床资料1.1一般资料:本组156例患儿,男136例,女20例,单侧斜疝141例(术中发现隐性疝14例),双侧斜疝15例,年龄1.5~12岁,平均3岁。1.2手术方法:本组全部采用气管插管全身麻醉,手术方法分两种,其中5 mm观察孔均建立在脐上缘,腹压维持在8~10 mm Hg。①二孔法:于脐下3 cm左腹直肌外缘处切5 mm切口置入Trocar,置入操作钳并于内环上缘上翘,作为内环口体表投影标志,于该处无血管区用尖刀刺破皮肤1.5 mm,刺入带7号线穿刺针,于疝环12点钟位置,在操作钳配合下完成内环半周腹膜外潜行穿刺,于6点钟刺出腹膜进入腹腔,两端线尾留于体外,线中部于腹腔内形成线环,操作钳穿入线环固定丝线于腹腔内,带线针退出体外,于皮肤切口处再刺入钩线针,完成另半周腹膜外穿刺,钩线针钩持7号线退出体外,于线环中部剪断,形成两条丝线环绕疝环口,分别结...     

腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎加脐内侧襞覆盖内环口治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的临床研究

目的:对比腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎加脐内侧襞覆盖内环口与经腹股沟区疝囊高位结扎术(传统手术)治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的疗效。方法:2006年1月至2009年12月共行腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎加脐内侧襞覆盖内环口术治疗179例腹股沟斜疝患儿,同期行传统手术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝169例,对比分析两组临床资料及术后随访情况。结果:两组手术时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症及术后复发率等差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎加脐内侧襞覆盖内环口术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝手术时间短,患儿创伤小,术后康复快,并发症少,复发率低,并可同时发现及处理对侧隐性疝,值得临床推广应用。     

经脐双通道微型腹腔镜手术治疗儿童腹股沟斜疝

目的探讨经脐双孔通道径路用微型腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的临床效果。方法脐缘左右侧皱褶处分别戮孔置入微型腹腔镜和操作钳,内环口体表投影处剌入带线雪撬针,器械钳配合下超高位缝合关闭疝囊和修补内环。体外打结,线结埋在皮下。结果治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝164例,单侧139例,双侧25例。单侧疝手术时间10～15 min(平均12 min),双侧疝22 min。无阴囊血肿和感染,平均住院时间2.5 d。随访1～12个月,脐缘皱褶内瘢痕线状很难辨出。无疝复发、肠粘连、睾丸萎缩和医源性隐睾。结论经脐双通道行微型腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝操作简单,损伤小,疗效确切,术后恢复快,很难辨认出手术戳口瘢痕,更具微创性,美容效果可满足腹壁无疤痕化手术的要求,值得临床推广。     

内置操作通道腹腔镜经脐单孔疝囊高位结扎术的应用

目的探讨内置操作通道腹腔镜经脐单孔疝囊高位结扎术在小儿腹股沟斜疝中的应用。方法 2011年1～10月对36例腹股沟斜疝经脐部单一纵切口置入Storz公司有5 mm 0°镜及5 mm内置操作通道的直径10 mm腹腔镜,高位缝扎内环口。结果 36例手术均成功完成,其中8例发现对侧内环口未闭,均结扎封闭内环口,无中转开放手术,无严重并发症发生。手术时间15～30 min,平均23 min。36例术后随访1～9个月,平均5.1月,无复发病例。结论采用内置操作通道的腹腔镜行单孔疝囊高位结扎术创伤小、安全、可行。     

腹腔镜下直针一次穿入治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝70例

目的探讨直针一次穿入疝囊高位结扎在腹腔镜小儿腹股沟斜疝高位结扎术中的应用价值。方法 2013年7月~2014年1月对70例小儿腹股沟斜疝在腹腔镜下直针一次穿入治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝。结果 70例均顺利在腹腔镜下直针一次穿入完成疝囊高位结扎术,单侧手术时间8~10 min,双侧10~15 min。70例随访1~3个月,内环口处无疼痛,无血肿、阴囊水肿、切口感染及皮下异物感,无疝复发和术侧睾丸萎缩。结论腹腔镜下直针一次穿入行疝囊高位结扎术具有手术时间短、术后并发症少、疼痛轻、操作简单等优点。     

微型腹腔镜治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝62例体会

目的:探讨微型腹腔镜治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的可行性。方法:应用微型腹腔镜,采用自行设计的带线针和En-doc lose与操作钳配合,运用提插式缝合方法,高位荷包缝扎内环口周边腹膜,治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝62例。结果:62例手术均成功,手术时间10~15m in,住院2~3d。术后随诊1~28月无复发。结论:微型腹腔镜下高位荷包缝扎内环口治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝具有损伤小、恢复快、住院时间短、对侧再发率低的优点。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.