颈椎椎前软组织测量对颈椎损伤诊断的局限性

目前对于颈椎椎前软组织阴景放射学测量的诊断学价值尚存在不同意见。作者对１０７名颈椎损伤患者的颈椎Ｘ线片进行回顾性分析，结果有４７例出现颈椎椎前软组织阴影增宽，占４３．９％，其中颈椎骨性损伤患者中有３８例，非骨性损伤患者中有９例，其差异具有显著的统计学意义。在不同节段颈椎损伤以及不同程度脊髓损伤患者之间统计学差异均不显著。而在颈椎前部结构损伤患者中椎前软组织阴影增宽的比例则明显高于后部结构损伤患者，     

颈椎不稳定性损伤的放射学诊断

作者报告87例颈椎不稳定性损伤,并就其放射学诊断问题进行讨论。提出凡存在颈椎中柱损伤者即应视为不稳定性损伤,其主要X线征象包括椎体移位、椎板间或棘突间间隙增宽、椎间隙异常增宽或变窄、关节突关节间隙增宽、椎体后缘连线不连续以及椎管增宽等。作者认为,X线平片检查对于颈椎不稳定性损伤的诊断具有十分重要的价值,多数颈椎不稳者在伤后早期即可被发现。     

颈椎椎前软组织的放射学测量

颈椎椎前软组织的放射学测量戴力扬，贾连顺颈椎的Ｘ线检查对于颈椎和／或颈髓损伤的诊断具有十分重要的意义。颈椎的Ｘ线平片不仅可为临床医师提供从受伤史、临床症状和体征中所无法得到的重要信息，而且有助于指导损伤的分型、治疗以及判定疗效和颈后。颈椎损伤的Ｘ线征...     

高位颈椎损伤的诊断

高位颈椎损伤的诊断藤村祥一，户山芳昭，小柳贵裕，村本守雄，岩本靖彦颈椎的解剖和功能，在高位和低位有很大差别，因此，颈椎损伤在高位和低位的损伤类型、临床表现亦不同。严重的高位颈椎损伤可以出现死亡的危象，但存活下来的病例很少有特征性临床症状，神经的合并症...     

MRI在诊断颈椎损伤中的局限性

ＭＲＩ这非侵袭性检查手段，由于具有软组织显像好，清晰变高，无幅射损害，根据不同需要能随意切取横断面，冠状面及矢状面的断层图像和不翻动身体即能完成检查的多种优点，愈来愈受到临床医师和病人的欢迎；但它在颈椎损伤骨折和脱位的诊断上又有其局限性［１］，而在临...     

上颈椎损伤的诊断治疗

上颈椎损伤系指寰枢椎及其附属结构因创伤而致骨折,关节脱位,韧带撕裂等即包括枕寰关节脱位,寰枢关节脱位及寰,枢椎的骨折,其诊断主要通过外伤史,临床症状及体征及辅助检查（X线,CT,MRI）,其中辅助检查在诊断中具有重要意义,为治疗提供依据,其治疗原则：重建颈椎损伤区的稳定性（颈领固定）,如有脊髓或神经根受压,尽早手术解除压迫,牢靠确实的固定（如枕颈固定融合术,寰枢固定融合术等）,以利恢复其生理功能。     

无颈椎骨折脱位的急性颈髓损伤

目的探讨无颈椎骨折脱位的急性颈髓损伤的特征和机制.方法对33例无颈椎骨折脱位的急性颈髓损伤病例进行回顾性研究,分析其神经学、X线和MRI检查结果.结果颈髓完全性损伤者8例,不完全性损伤者25例;21例患者有颈椎变性改变(椎间盘间隙狭窄伴有骨赘形成者15例,后纵韧带骨化者6例),3例C5颈椎管Pavlov率小于0.8;30例可见颈髓受压,25例表现为椎旁软组织损伤.结论无颈椎骨折脱位的急性颈髓损伤的重要诱因为颈椎变性改变和发育性颈椎管狭窄,致病原因主要为颈髓受压;MRI检查有利于查明脊髓损伤的部位和机制.     

小儿颈椎及颈脊髓损伤的影像学诊断

总结小儿颈椎及颈脊损伤的影像学诊断经验。回顾分析５９例小儿颈椎及颈脊髓损伤,全部病例均常规摄颈椎正、侧位片及齿状突开闰片,２５例摄断层,２８例摄屈／伸侧位片。２１例行ＣＴ扫描,２６例行ＭＲＩ检查。上颈椎损伤４６例,其中寰椎椎弓骨折９例,枢椎骨折７例,齿状突骨折２１例,寰椎椎弓骨折２１例,骨折１例,寰椎椎弓骨折合并齿状突骨折１例,寰椎横韧带断裂８例,下颈椎损伤１１例,其中椎体骨折３例,脱位２例,骨折     

颈后路手术治疗上位颈椎不稳定型损伤

目的:探讨上颈椎不稳定损伤后路手术方法及其疗效。方法:59例中,采用枕颈融合术27例,其中辅以CD-Cervical或Cervifix内固定11例;实施寰枢椎融合术29例,其中7例行C1/2侧块关节螺钉固定,8例行Apofix椎板夹固定;进行C_(2、3)椎板、棘突间植骨Axis内固定3例,均为Hangman氏骨折。结果:51例获随访,平均3.5年。骨性愈合47例,不愈合4例。术前合并神经系统症状29例,术后症状消失和明显改善共22例,加重1例。结论:对于上颈椎不稳定型损伤应早期进行植骨内固定,认真准备植骨床和可靠的内固定是保证手术成功的关键。     

上颈椎损伤的后路融合手术

目的：报告应用4种后路融合手术方法治疗上颈椎损伤的疗效。方法：本组69例患,内固定用钢丝39例（McGraw25例,Brooks14例）,大骨块20例,Apofix椎板夹6例,枕颈CD4例,结果：术后平均随访34个月,植骨融合率钢丝组82％（32／39）,大骨块组75％（15／20）,Apofix椎板夹组100％（6／6）,枕颈CD组100（4／4）,疗效：优32例（46％）,良16例（23％）,可11（16％）,差10例（15％）,其中死亡7例（10％）,结论：上颈椎损伤后路融合技术各有利弊,选用时应根据病人伤情和术经验而定,以操作安全,植骨可靠,固定确实为原则;对局部稳定结构破坏严重和内固定薄弱,术后及时给予坚强固定也可以达到治疗目的。     

Efficacy of Postoperative Radiograph for Evaluating the Prevertebral Soft Tissue Swelling after Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion

Background

After surgery for degenerative spinal disease by the anterior approach, the degree of soft tissue swelling can be assessed simply using plain radiographs. However, there are little studies according to the surgical methods or extent of surgery, and no study had addressed the clinical meaning of swelling determined by plain radiography. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of prevertebral soft tissue swelling (PSTS) after anterior cervical fusion with plate fixation for the treatment of degenerative cervical spinal disorders.

Methods

One hundred and thirty-five patients that underwent anterior cervical fusion with plate augmentation for degenerative cervical spondylosis were included in this study. PSTS differences were analyzed with respect to numbers of fusion segments and location of fusion. Cases were divided into two groups based on the amount of PSTS, and incidences of dyspnea, dysphagia, dysphonia were evaluated.

Results

PSTS increments were significantly greater in patients that had undergone multi-level or high-level fusion. Complications of dyspnea, dysphagia and dysphonia were found more frequently in patients with marked PSTS group.

Conclusions

Increments of PSTS after anterior cervical fusion for degenerative spinal disorders are greater and incidences of complications are higher in patients that undergo multi-level or high-level fusion. Thus, measurement of PSTS using consecutive cervical lateral radiographs after anterior cervical surgery is clinically meaningful procedure.     

单开门与胶原酶溶盘联合治疗颈髓损伤的临床研究

目的探讨颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术与胶原酶直视下溶盘术联合治疗外伤性无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的疗效。方法对11例外伤性无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤患者行颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术，然后在直视下将胶原酶注入突出的颈椎间盘，术后平均随访时间为24个月，结合症状、体征、影像学资料，观察手术效果。结果联合治疗有效地缓解了患者的症状、体征。影像学资料显示椎管容积明显增加，突出的间盘缩小。术后6个月平均JOA改善率63．7％。结论联合治疗不仅通过后路单开门扩大了椎管的容积，而且通过溶盘术缓解了颈髓前面突出髓核的压迫，从而取得了较好的治疗效果。单开门椎管扩大成形术和胶原酶溶盘术联合治疗Ⅲ型无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤是一种可行的手术方法。     

小儿颈椎及颈脊髓损伤的影像学诊断

总结小儿颈椎及颈脊髓损伤的影像学诊断经验。回顾分析 59例小儿颈椎及颈脊髓损伤 ,全部病例均常规摄颈椎正、侧位片及齿状突开口位片 ,2 5例摄断层 ,2 8例摄屈 /伸侧位片。 2 1例行CT扫描 ,2 6例行MRI检查。上颈椎损伤 4 6例 ,其中寰椎椎弓骨折 9例 ,枢椎骨折 7例 ,齿状突骨折 2 1例 ,寰椎椎弓骨折合并齿状突骨折 1例 ,寰椎横韧带断裂 8例 ;下颈椎损伤 1 1例 ,其中椎体骨折 3例 ,脱位 2例 ,骨折脱位 6例 ;多节段间隔性颈椎损伤 2例 ,无X线异常的脊髓损伤 (SCIWORA) 3例。认为影像学检查对于小儿颈椎及颈脊髓损伤的诊断具有重要价值 ,对怀疑有颈椎及颈脊髓损伤的小儿患者应常规摄颈椎正、侧位片及齿状突开口位片 ,小儿颈椎SCIWORA应常规行颈椎MRI检查     

陈旧性上颈椎损伤与脊髓压迫症

本文报告９２例陈旧性上颈椎损伤，包括寰椎骨折１９例，齿状突骨折４６例，枢椎椎体骨折４例，枢椎椎弓骨折１２例，枕寰关节脱位１例，寰枢椎关节脱位１０例。根据稳定性和脊髓受压程度分别选择非手术治疗和手术治疗６９例。减压和稳定是手术治疗二基本目的。     

Management of Neglected Upper Cervical Spine Injuries

BackgroundInjuries involving upper cervical spine are serious and fatal injuries which are associated with alteration of normal occipital–cervical anatomy. These injuries may result in permanent neurologic deficits or neck deformity if not treated in a timely and appropriate manner.ObjectiveTo evaluate the outcomes of neglected upper cervical spine injuries treated by various methods.Study designRetrospective study.Materials and methodsTwelve patients attending ER or OPD with a history of neck trauma and who were diagnosed with fractures and fracture dislocations C1 and C2 were included in the study. Fresh injuries sustained within a week were excluded from study. The outcomes were measured in terms of improvement in VAS, ODI Scores and correction of the neck deformity. Surgical parameters like duration of surgery and blood loss were also observed.ResultsEleven males and one female. The mean age was 40.9 ± 16.9 (07–67 years). Eleven patients underwent posterior instrumentation, while one patient was treated anteriorly. The mean delay in presentation was 28 ± 8.67 days (15–42 days). The mean duration of surgery was 188.3 ± 34.35 min (120–240 min), average blood loss was 350 ± 111.8 ml (150–600 ml). The mean VAS improved from 8.45 ± 0.89 to 3.9 ± 0.51 (p < 0.05). The mean ODI Pre-operatively was 88.45 ± 5.89 which improved to 31.9 ± 4.01 (p < 0.05). The neck deformity/torticollis was corrected in all the patients.ConclusionsNeglected upper cervical spine injuries are difficult to treat and a posterior approach is helpful in reducing the subluxations indirectly and to obtain a posterior fusion.     

Double Noncontiguous Cervical Spinal Injuries

Summary. Summary.   Background: Double noncontiguous spinal injuries in the same patient, the first at the cervical level and the second at the thoracic or thoracolumbar level are not uncommon. On the other hand the incidence of double noncontiguous cervical injuries in low and these injuries imply complex mechanisms. This study investigates the cases of double noncontiguous cervical lesions in 342 cases of acute cervical injuries.   Method: An analysis of 342 patients with cervical injuries found 67 multiple cervical injuries and only 11 cases of double noncontiguous cervical lesions.   Findings and Interpretation: Double noncontiguous cervical injuries have a frequency of 3.2% in this study and in three cases there were pre-existing benign cervical lesions. A possible spinal biomechanical behaviour during injury can be that the first lesion appears because of the traumatic impact and there is a uniform transmission of the remaining traumatic strain all along the spine. It seems that the propagated force finds a spinal zone where the spinal resistance is diminished and the second spinal lesion can occur. Spinal vulnerability for the second lesion in the same trauma can be caused by a pre-existing benign spinal lesion or by a biomechanical discontinuity because of a particular posture at the traumatic moment. The second lesion in double noncontiguous cervical lesions can appear through a single great impact in pre-existing lesions, double impacts at the same time with injuries at two cervical levels or repeated cervical impacts in very quick succession in the same trauma. Published online July 18, 2002