细胞因子信号转导抑制因子SOCS3在高果糖膳食引起的肝脏胰岛素抵抗中的作用

目的探讨内毒素耐受对高果糖膳食引起的肝脏胰岛素抵抗发生的影响。方法昆明种小鼠随机分为对照组、果糖组、内毒素耐受组;对照组以普通饮食和自来水饲养,果糖组和内毒素耐受组饮食与对照组相同,但饮水改为20%果糖水,内毒素耐受组于高果糖饮水前3d连续腹腔注射LPS 2mg/kg后,以后隔日皮下注射LPS 0.1mg/kg,上述各实验组动物喂养12wk后,处死动物观察肝脏大体形态和组织学改变,检测空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹血胰岛素水平（FINS）,计算胰岛素抵抗指数（FIRI）及肝脏胰岛素受体p-IRβ/IRβ、细胞因子信号转导抑制子（SOCS3）、白细胞介素-1受体相关激酶（IRAK-M）蛋白的表达。结果与对照组相比果糖组小鼠FBS、FIRI、肝指数均明显增高（P〈0.05）,而FINS与正常组相比也增高,无统计学意义;内毒素耐受组FPG、FINS、FIRI及肝指数均高于果糖组（P〈0.05）;肝脏p-IRβ/IRβ表达下调,SOCS3、IRAK-M表达上调,具有统计学差异（P〈0.05）,肝脂肪变情况明显加重。结论慢性小剂量内毒素诱导内毒素耐受可加重果糖所致肝脏胰岛素抵抗的发生。     

胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂改善高果糖饮食诱导的胰岛素抵抗大鼠肝脏脂质沉积机制研究

背景 非酒精性脂肪性肝病发病率逐年升高但无特效药物,临床和基础研究显示降糖药物胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)受体激动剂能改善肝脏脂质沉积,但具体机制不明确。目的 探讨GLP-1受体激动剂改善高果糖诱导的胰岛素抵抗大鼠肝脏脂质沉积的机制。方法 2016年1—4月选取Wistar大鼠36只随机分为对照（ND）组和造模组,ND组给予普通饲料、造模组给予高果糖饲料喂养,8周后行高胰岛素-正葡萄糖钳夹实验证实造模组胰岛素抵抗形成,继续将造模组大鼠随机分为高果糖（HFD）亚组和高果糖+艾塞那肽（HFD+Ex）亚组,HFD+Ex亚组给予艾塞那肽注射液腹部皮下注射4周后,观察糖脂水平、胰岛素抵抗、肝脏脂质沉积、β-catenin表达和核转位以及脂质合成通路因子的变化。进一步用转染技术在HepG2细胞用小干扰RNA抑制β-catenin的表达观察细胞脂质沉积和脂质合成通路相关因子的变化,将HepG2细胞用25 mmol/L果糖和100 nmol/L exendin-4处理,未转染的细胞用作对照,全部细胞分为正常对照（Con）组、高果糖（HF）组、高果糖+exendin-4(HF+Ex4)组、高果糖+e...     

尼可地尔可改善链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病小鼠的认知功能障碍

目的研究钾通道开放剂尼可地尔对链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的糖尿病小鼠认知功能障碍的保护作用。方法对C57BL/6J 小鼠采用STZ诱导1型糖尿病,实验分为正常组、模型组和尼可地尔组。每周记录空腹血糖变化情况;第4周Morris水迷宫检测 小鼠认知行为;处死后,取小鼠海马和胰腺组织进行透射电镜观察,检测海马组织中肠促胰岛素葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽 （GIP）和胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）的含量,及脑组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力和丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果与正常组相比, 模型组小鼠空腹血糖明显升高（P<0.001）,逃避潜伏期延长（P<0.05）,游泳距离增加（P<0.01）;胰腺β细胞和海马超微结构受损; 海马组织中GIP和GLP-1含量降低（P<0.01）,脑组织中SOD活力下降（P<0.05）,MDA含量升高（P<0.05）。与模型组相比,尼可 地尔对空腹血糖无影响,可降低游泳距离（P<0.05）;对胰腺β细胞无明显改善,但可改善海马神经元以及突触的超微结构;可增 加糖尿病小鼠脑组织中GIP和GLP-1的含量（P<0.05）,增强脑组织中的SOD活力（P<0.05）,降低MDA含量（P<0.01）。结论尼 可地尔可通过提高海马中GIP和GLP-1含量,及抗氧化作用,缓解海马结构损伤,改善STZ诱导的糖尿病认知功能障碍。     

黄芩素对2型糖尿病小鼠GLP-1及胰高血糖素分泌的影响

【摘要】 目的 探讨黄芩素对2型糖尿病模型小鼠胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）及胰高血糖素分泌的影响。 方法 40只8周龄C57BL/6J小鼠适应性饲养1周后,选取30只小鼠给予高脂饲料喂养和链脲佐菌素（STZ）一次性注射,均成功建立2型糖尿病小鼠模型,并随机分为模型组（生理盐水灌胃）、二甲双胍组（二甲双胍0.30 g/kg灌胃）和黄芩素组（黄芩素250 mg/kg灌胃）,每组各10只。以正常饲料喂养的10只小鼠为正常对照组（正常组,生理盐水灌胃）。各组连续灌胃给药6周。分别于给药前和给药后采集尾尖静脉血,检测空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2 h血糖值（2 h PBG）,酶联免疫吸附实验检测空腹胰岛素、胰高血糖素和GLP-1水平,qRT-PCR检测给药后小鼠回肠组织中胰高血糖素原（PG）和前激素转化酶（PC1/3） mRNA表达,给药结束后行腹腔注射葡萄糖耐量实验评估胰高血糖素分泌功能。 结果 给药前,与正常组比较,模型组、二甲双胍组和黄芩素组FBG和2 h PBG均显著升高,胰岛素水平显著降低,胰高血糖素水平显著升高,血清中GLP-1水平显著降低（均P＜0.05）;给药后,与模型组比较,二甲双胍组和黄芩素组FBG和2 h PBG均显著降低,胰岛素水平显著升高,胰高血糖素水平显著降低,血清中GLP-1水平显著升高（均P＜0.05）;给药后,与正常组比较,模型组小鼠回肠组织中PC1/3 mRNA相对表达量显著下降,与模型组比较,二甲双胍组和黄芩素组小鼠回肠组织中PG 、PC1/3 mRNA相对表达量均明显上升（均P＜0.05）;在葡萄糖注射后0 、30、60 和120 min,模型组血糖和胰高血糖素均显著高于正常组,二甲双胍组和黄芩素组血糖和胰高血糖素均显著低于模型组（均P＜0.05）。 结论 黄芩素可降低2型糖尿病小鼠血糖和胰高血糖素水平,提高血清GLP-1水平,促进肠道GLP-1的合成。     

两种高脂血症小鼠模型糖代谢及靶组织胰岛素敏感性研究

目的 观察高三酰甘油血症和高胆固醇血症小鼠的糖代谢及靶组织（肝脏和骨骼肌）胰岛素敏感性的变化。方法 采用普通饲料喂养小鼠（对照组,n=8）、脂蛋白脂酶基因敲除杂合子小鼠（LPL+/-）（高三酰甘油血症组,n=8）和高脂饲料喂养小鼠（高胆固醇血症组,n=8）作为实验对象。测量各组小鼠的体质量;检测血清三酰甘油（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、血糖浓度和空腹胰岛素水平,计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）和胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）;Western blotting检测肝脏和骨骼肌组织在胰岛素刺激后Akt473位丝氨酸磷酸化水平（p-Aktser473的相对表达量）的变化。结果 高三酰甘油血症组血清TG浓度显著高于对照组和高胆固醇血症组（P<0.05）,高胆固醇血症组血清TC浓度显著高于对照组和高三酰甘油血症组（P<0.05）。与对照组比较,高三酰甘油血症组血糖浓度、空腹胰岛素水平和HOMA-IR有增高趋势,ISI则有所降低,但差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;与对照组和高三酰甘油血症组比较,高胆固醇血症组血糖浓度、空腹胰岛素水平和HOMA-IR显著升高,而ISI明显下降（均P<0.05）。高三酰甘油血症组和高胆固醇组肝脏和骨骼肌组织经胰岛素刺激后的p-Aktser473相对表达量及其升高倍数显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;在高胆固醇组,肝脏组织p-Aktser473相对表达量的升高倍数显著低于高三酰甘油血症组,骨骼肌组织在胰岛素刺激后的p-Aktser473相对表达量明显高于高三酰甘油血症组（P<0.05）。结论 高三酰甘油血症和高胆固醇血症均伴有靶组织胰岛素敏感性受损,其中高脂喂养小鼠出现高胆固醇血症时伴有更明显的糖代谢紊乱。     

严重烫伤MODS小鼠胰岛β细胞功能下降与GLP-1/GLU比值相关性研究

目的 ：研究严重烫伤MODS小鼠胰岛β细胞功能下降与胰高血糖素样肽1/血糖（GLP-1/GLU）比值关系并探讨其机理,从改善肠道分泌GLP-1功能新角度,为防治严重创伤MODS胰岛β细胞功能下降提供实验依据。方法 ：90只SPF级的昆明小鼠随机分为对照组（10只）、单纯烫伤组（30只）和MODS组（50只）,MODS组制作为MODS小鼠（30%体表面积III度烫伤+腹腔注射内毒素）,单纯烫伤组仅造成30%体表面积III度烫伤,对照组假烫伤。取对照组小鼠采血,单纯烫伤组及MODS组伤后1天和3天均分别随机抓取10只小鼠进行采血,伤后5天将仍然存活的小鼠全部采血。测定小鼠GLU、血浆胰岛素、GLP-1和二胺氧化酶（DAO）水平。采用稳态模式评估β细胞功能（HOMA-β）,计算并观察胰岛β细胞功能指数HOMA-β和血浆GLP-1/GLU比值变化,计算HOMA-β指数与血浆GLP-1/GLU比值相关系数。取小鼠回肠组织进行GLP-1免疫组化检测,得出肠道GLP-1的表达水平,计算并观察肠道GLP-1分泌相对血糖（肠道GLP-1/GLU）水平变化。计算小鼠血浆GLP-1/GLU与肠道GLP-1/...     

胆胰转流术对GK大鼠2型糖尿病的影响及其机制的研究

目的探讨胆胰转流术（BPD）对GK大鼠2型糖尿病的治疗作用及其机制。方法将16只GK大鼠随机分为2组,BPD组10只,假手术（sham-BPD）组6只。检测术前1周及术后1、4、10、26周2组大鼠空腹血糖、血清胰岛素、胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）和抑胃肽（GIP）浓度;术后10周检测2组大鼠糖耐量及胰岛素敏感性。结果术前2组空腹血糖、血清胰岛素、GLP-1和GIP差异均无统计学意义;与sham—BPD组相比,BPD组空腹血糖水平显著降低（P〈0．05）、血清胰岛素水平差异无统计学意义、糖耐量明显提高、胰岛素敏感性增强;BPD组较术前及sham-BPD组血清GLP-1水平显著上升（较术前,术后1周P=0．0337,术后4周P=0．0002,术后10周P〈0．0001,术后26周P〈0．0001,较sham—BPD组,术后1周P=0．0354,术后4周P=0．0032,术后10周P=0．0001,术后26周P〈0．0001）、GIP水平显著下降（较术前,术后1周P=0．0189,术后4周P=0．0007,术后10周P=0．0003,术后26周P〈0．0001;较sham-BPD组,术后1周P=0．0089,术后4周P=0．0002,术后10周t9=0．0006,术后26周P〈0．0001）,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论BPD手术对GK大鼠具有降低血糖、改善糖耐量及增强胰岛素敏感性的作用;GLP．1和GIP可能是BPD降低GK大鼠血糖、改善糖尿病相关代谢综合征的原因。     

非诺贝特改善严重烫伤小鼠应激状态下胰岛素抵抗作用的效果观察

目的：观察非诺贝特对严重烫伤小鼠应激状态下胰岛素抵抗的作用.方法：130只SPF级昆明小鼠,随机分为：低剂量组（Ⅰ）、高剂量组（Ⅱ）和对照组（Ⅲ）各40只,正常组10只.将小鼠制成Ⅲ°30％全身体表面积（TBSA）烫伤模型,正常组不烫伤,烫伤后Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别予以30 mg·kg-1· d-1、100 mg·kg-1·d-1非诺贝特灌胃,Ⅲ组予以0.5 mL· d-1生理盐水灌胃.各组分别于第1、3、7、14天随机抽取10只小鼠（正常组一次性处死）,处死收集血清,测定空腹血糖、血清胰岛素、TNF-α、游离脂肪酸（FFA）水平,运用稳态模式法（HOMA）计算胰岛素抵抗（IR）指数,同时切取肝脏组织光镜下观察其病理变化.结果：烫伤后各组小鼠在第1、3、7天HOMA-IR值均高于正常组,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组HOMA-IR值均低于Ⅲ组.Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ各组小鼠血清TNF-α、FFA水平在伤后不同时间点均高于正常组,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组均低于Ⅲ组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,但Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组在同一时间点均值比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.各组不同时间点比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.烫伤后小鼠肝脏有不同程度的脂肪变性,给予诺贝特干预后,肝脏脂肪变性有所改善.结论：非诺贝特可以改善烧（烫）伤后小鼠应激状态下IR,其可能与降低严重烫伤小鼠血清TNF-α和FFA水平,减轻肝脏脂肪变性有关.     

白藜芦醇调节C57BL/KSJ-db/db糖尿病小鼠糖脂代谢的作用与机制

目的研究白藜芦醇对C57BL/KSJ-db/db（db/db）糖尿病小鼠糖脂代谢的作用与机制。方法随机将db/db糖尿病小鼠分
为模型组、白藜芦醇组（200 mg/kg）和吡格列酮组（5 mg/kg）,每组8只,给予相应的药物治疗8周。实验结束后比较各组空腹血
糖、糖化血清蛋白、糖化血红蛋白、血清总胆固醇、甘油三脂等糖脂代谢指标,比较各组血清胰岛素浓度及胰岛素抵抗指数、胰岛
素敏感指数、超氧化物歧化酶活性、丙二醛含量等指标的变化。采用Real-time PCR技术和Western blot检查肝脏组织中低密度
脂蛋白受体基因和蛋白的表达。结果与模型组比较,白藜芦醇组能显著降低小鼠空腹血糖、糖化血清蛋白、糖化血红蛋白、血清
总胆固醇、甘油三脂等指标的升高（P<0.05）,明显改善血清胰岛素水平及胰岛素抵抗指数、胰岛素敏感指数,超氧化物歧化酶活
性、丙二醛等指标的异常（P<0.05）;显著提高肝脏中肝糖原含量和低密度脂蛋白受体的表达（P<0.05）。结论白藜芦醇具有明
显改善糖脂代谢紊乱的作用,其作用机制与其改善胰岛素抵抗、提高抗氧化应激能力以及增加低密度脂蛋白受体
的表达等密切相关。
     

鞣花酸对CCl4诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及其机制

目的：探讨鞣花酸对四氯化碳（CCl₄）诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用,阐明其可能的作用机制。方法：50只小鼠随机分为正常对照组,模型组,低、中和高剂量鞣花酸组;每组10只。正常对照组和模型组小鼠以1%羧甲基纤维素钠灌胃,低、中和高剂量鞣花酸组小鼠分别以160、320及480 mg·kg^-1鞣花酸连续灌胃14d。模型组与各剂量鞣花酸组小鼠均腹腔注射0.1% CCl₄,正常对照组小鼠腹腔注射等量植物油,16 h后观察各组小鼠体质量,计算肝脏指数;测定小鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转基转移（ALT）和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酸（AST）水平,检测肝组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 （GSH-Px）、丙二醛（MDA）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）水平。结果：实验前后各组小鼠体质量均无明显变化（P>0.05）。与正常对照组比较,模型组小鼠肝脏指数明显升高（P<0.05）,模型组和各剂量鞣花酸组小鼠血清ALT、AST水平明显升高（P<0.05）;与模型组比较,各剂量鞣花酸组小鼠肝脏指数均明显降低（P<0.05）;高剂量鞣花酸组小鼠血清ALT和AST水平明显降低,肝组织匀浆中CAT水平明显升高（P<0.05）;中和高剂量鞣花酸组小鼠肝组织匀浆中GSH-Px水平明显升高（P<0.05）;各剂量鞣花酸组小鼠肝组织匀浆中SOD活性明显升高,MDA水平明显降低（P<0.05）。结论：鞣花酸对CC1₄诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用,以480 mg·kg^-1剂量最为明显,其作用机制可能与抗氧化有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.