大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)对肥大细胞分泌β-氨基己糖苷酶、组胺和IL-4的影响

目的 探究大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)对肥大细胞的生物学效应.方法 采用智能中流量空气总悬浮微粒采样器采集重庆市内非工业区空气中PM2.5,以不同浓度(0、12.5、25.0、50.0、100.0、200.0、400.0、800.0 μg/mL) PM2.5混0悬液作用于人肥大细胞系LAD2,采用微板法检测LAD2细胞β-氨基己糖苷酶的释放水平;采用ELISA法检测LAD2细胞释放组胺、白细胞介素4(interleukiin-4,IL-4)以及活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平.结果 终浓度为25.0 μg/mL的PM2.5刺激后,LAD2细胞分泌并释放人细胞上清的β-氨基己糖苷酶、组胺及IL-4的水平高于0μg/mL PM2.5组[(23.78±3.98)％ vs (14.05±1.12)％,(12.32 ±0.18)vs(9.72 ±0.23) μg/mL,(267.63 ±7.97)vs (154.25±7.71) pg/mL,P＜0.01];12.5 ～ 100.0μg/mL PM2.5刺激后,LAD2细胞产生ROS水平逐渐升高,终浓度为25.0 μg/mL的PM2.5刺激LAD2细胞后产生的ROS水平高于0μg/mL PM2.5组[(7.99 ±0.29)vs(5.88 ±0.49) ng/mL,P＜0.01].结论 PM2.5可能通过氧化应激致使肥大细胞产生ROS,引起肥大细胞产生细胞因子和炎症因子.     

PM2.5对THP1巨噬细胞TLR4表达及氧化应激水平的影响

目的探讨大气细颗粒物（particulate matters,PM）2.5对THP1巨噬细胞TLR4表达及氧化应激水平的影响。方法THP1巨噬细胞分别给予来自中国北京、美国巴尔的摩地区的PM2.5刺激24 h,检测巨噬细胞TLR4、Nrf2表达水平,以及细胞内活性氧（ROS）产生水平。结果与对照组比较,低浓度（50 μg/mL）北京地区和巴尔的摩地区PM2.5刺激24 h后,细胞TLR4、Nrf2表达水平与细胞内ROS产生水平均升高（P < 0.05）。与对照组比较,高浓度（200 μg/mL）北京地区和巴尔的摩地区PM2.5刺激24 h后,细胞TLR4表达水平、Nrf2表达水平均降低（P < 0.05）,北京地区组细胞内ROS产生水平降低（P < 0.05）,巴尔的摩地区组细胞内ROS升高（P < 0.05）。结论低浓度PM2.5可促进巨噬细胞TLR4表达,升高氧化应激水平,高浓度PM2.5可降低巨噬细胞TLR4表达,降低氧化应激水平。     

大气细颗粒物PM2.5对肺癌血管新生的影响

[目的]研究大气细颗粒物2.5(particulate matter2.5,PM2.5)对肺癌血管新生的影响。[方法]采集杭州大气PM2.5全颗粒物,对肺癌细胞A549进行染毒,CCK-8法观察PM2.5对肺癌A549细胞增殖的影响,选择50、100、150μg·m L~(-1)浓度的PM2.5染毒A549细胞24h,实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metal proteinase-9,MMP-9)和缺氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia-inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)的m RNA和蛋白的表达。并建立人肺癌鸡胚移植瘤模型,用50、100、150μg·m L~(-1)的PM2.5染毒液处理肺癌移植瘤,测定PM2.5对血管数目和血管面积比值的影响。[结果]大于等于50μg·m 的PM2.5染毒后能促进A549细胞的增殖作用。与对照组比,PM2.5染毒A549细胞24h后VEGF、MMP-9与HIF-1α的m RNA和蛋白表达增加,并具有一定的量效关系。PM2.5染毒后肺癌鸡胚移植瘤模型新生血管数目和面积比高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。[结论]PM2.5暴露能诱导肺癌中VEGF、MMP-9和HIF-1α基因的过表达,促进肺癌的血管新生,进而促使肺癌的发展。     

莽吉柿提取物通过调控MAPK/ERK信号通路诱导宫颈癌细胞凋亡的作用研究

目的: 研究莽吉柿(Garcinia mangostanaSL.)提取物对宫颈癌Hela细胞凋亡的影响。方法:使用0μg/ml、0.75μg/ml、1.25μg/ml、2.5μg/ml、5μg/ml的莽吉柿提取物体外培养Hela细胞,CCK-8法检测其对宫颈癌细胞增殖的影响;使用不同浓度莽吉柿提取物体外培养Hela细胞,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡和细胞活性氧(Cell reactive oxygen, ROS)表达水平;不同浓度莽吉柿提取物体体外培养Hela细胞,Western Blot检测凋亡相关蛋白BCL-2、BAX、p-ERK的表达。 结果: 莽吉柿提取物对宫颈癌细胞的增殖具有显著的抑制作用(P<0.05),IC50为1.63μg/ml。流式细胞术检测发现, 0、2.5μg/ml、5μg/ml的莽吉柿提取物处理后Hela细胞的凋亡率分别为(3.30 ± 0.10)%,(4.19 ± 0.24)%,(14.03±0.21)%,具有显著性差异(p＜0.05)。流式细胞术检测发现0、5μg/ml的莽吉柿提取物处理后,细胞活性氧(ROS)水平显著提高(P<0.05),mean值分别为(129796 ± 1336)和(481665 ± 9804)。荧光显微镜结果显示其ROS荧光水平显著提高。Western Blot检测发现宫颈癌Hela细胞中Bcl-2蛋白显著降低、BAX蛋白显著升高、p-ERK蛋白显著降低(P均<0.05)。结论: 莽吉柿提取物对宫颈癌细胞的影响可能是通过诱导细胞氧化损伤,调控肿瘤细胞MAPK/ERK信号通路,调控凋亡相关蛋白,进而诱导细胞发生凋亡,抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖。     

大气细颗粒物对人支气管上皮细胞的活性抑制和炎性作用

目的：研究大气细颗粒物(fine particulate matter,PM2.5)对人支气管上皮细胞活性的影响及其炎性作用。 方法：用PM2.5采样器采集上海地区大气PM2.5样本,扫描电镜观察PM2.5形态特征。将人支气管上皮细胞BEAS-2B暴露 于不同浓度(0,50,100,200,400,800 μg/mL)的PM2.5 12,24,48 h,细胞活力检测试剂盒(cell counting kit-8, CCK-8)法检测PM2.5暴露对细胞活性的影响。实时定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)检测细胞粒细胞-巨噬 细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor,GM-CSF)和TNF-α mRNA的表达,Western印迹检测 GM-CSF和TNF-α蛋白的表达。结果：扫描电镜观察发现,PM2.5形态多样,大小不一,直径大多等于或小于2.5 μm。 与同时间点未暴露组比较,各暴露组(50~800 μg/mL)细胞活性呈不同程度的下降,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与 未暴露组比较,暴露于100,400或800 μg/mL PM2.5 24 h后,GM-CSF和TNF-α mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05), 且PM2.5暴露浓度越高,GM-CSF和TNF-α的mRNA和蛋白升高水平越显著。结论：大气PM2.5可引起人支气管上皮细胞 的炎症反应,降低细胞活性,这可能与PM2.5促发和加重支气管肺部炎性疾病有关。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和苯并[a]芘联合染毒对大鼠睾丸支持细胞的影响

目的 探讨邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和苯并[a]芘单独或联合染毒对大鼠睾丸支持细胞增殖及乳酸分泌的影响.方法 分离纯化大鼠睾丸支持细胞,油红O染色鉴定纯度大于90%后,以0.1、1、10、100、500 μg/ml 邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)和0.01、0.1、1、10、100 μg/ml 苯并[a]芘[benzo(a)pyrene,BaP]单独或依次联合染毒,用MTT法检测对支持细胞增殖的影响,并测定培养液中的乳酸含量.结果 DBP染毒后100 μg/ml 吸光度值[D(490)]显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).BaP染毒各组的D(490)值与对照组比较,无统计学差异.DBP 100 μg/ml BaP 10 μg/ml联合染毒组D(490)值显著上升(P＜0.01),而在500 μg/ml DBP 50 μg/ml BaP联合染毒组D(490)值下降(P＜0.05).DBP 100 μg/ml组、 100 μg/ml DBP 10 μg/ml BaP组和500 μg/ml DBP 50 μg/ml DBP组培养液中的乳酸显著增加(P＜0.01),DBP 500 μg/ml组和BaP 50 μg/ml组培养液中的乳酸含量也增高(P＜0.05).结论 一定剂量DBP可刺激支持细胞增殖并增加乳酸分泌,BaP虽不抑制支持细胞的增殖,但可使乳酸分泌增加.二者联合作用,在一定剂量下以DBP的效应为主,但在高剂量可抑制细胞增殖,呈现一定的协同作用.     

黄芪甲苷通过调控Keap1-Nrf2-ARE信号通路减轻PM2.5诱导的肾小管上皮细胞氧化损伤

目的 探讨黄芪甲苷减轻细颗粒物2.5(particulate matter 2.5,PM2.5)所致肾小管上皮细胞氧化损伤的作用及分子机制。方法 将HK-2细胞分为5组：对照组（仅磷酸盐缓冲液处理）、模型组（200 μg/mL PM2.5处理24 h）、黄芪甲苷低剂量组（200 μg/mL PM2.5及10 nmol/L黄芪甲苷共同处理24 h）、黄芪甲苷中剂量组（200 μg/mL PM2.5及100 nmol/L黄芪甲苷共同处理24 h）、黄芪甲苷高剂量组（200 μg/mL PM2.5及200 nmol/L黄芪甲苷共同处理24 h）。采用流式细胞术和TUNEL检测不同方法处理的HK-2细胞凋亡情况,采用EdU实验和CCK8实验检测细胞增殖情况,采用Western blot检测不同方法处理的HK-2细胞中Kelch样环氧氯丙烷相关蛋白1（Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1,Keap1）-核因子红细胞相关因子2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Nrf2)-抗氧化反应元件（antioxident response element, ARE）信号通路相关蛋白的表达水平。结果 流式细胞术和TUNEL染色结果显示,黄芪甲苷显著抑制PM2.5导致的肾小管上皮细胞凋亡,其抑制效果随黄芪甲苷浓度的增加而增加。CCK8检测结果和EdU细胞增殖检测结果显示,黄芪甲苷显著促进肾小管上皮细胞增殖,细胞活力随黄芪甲苷浓度的增加而增加。进一步检测显示,黄芪甲苷显著抑制PM2.5导致的肾小管上皮细胞活性氧和丙二醛水平升高,并显著促进超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平的升高。Western blot结果显示,与模型组比较,黄芪甲苷处理显著提高总Nrf2、核Nrf2、血红素氧化酶-1以及NAD（P）H醌脱氢酶1（NQO1）水平（P＜0.05）。结论 黄芪甲苷通过调控Keap1-Nrf2-ARE信号通路减轻PM2.5导致的肾小管上皮细胞氧化损伤。     

PARP-1抑制对PM2.5致人支气管上皮细胞炎症反应的保护作用

目的 研究抑制多聚二磷酸腺苷核糖多聚酶-1（poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1, PARP-1）是否能缓解/逆转细颗粒物（PM2.5）诱导的炎症反应。方法 以不同质量浓度（0~1 000 μg/mL)PM2.5处理正常人支气管上皮细胞（human bronchial epithelium cell line, HBE细胞）24 h,台盼蓝拒染法测定细胞活力,采用200、400、600 μg/mL PM2.5进行后续实验;设PM2.5（600 μg/mL)单处理组、PARP-1抑制剂4-氨基-1,8-萘二胺（4-AN）（10 μg/mL)单处理组、4-AN+PM2.5组、溶剂（DMSO）对照组,免疫印迹法检测PARP-1、核因子κ-B（NF-κB）的p65亚基和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）表达水平,硝酸酶还原法检测一氧化氮（nitric oxide, NO）水平。结果 PM2.5 200、400、600 μg/mL单独处理HBE细胞时,细胞存活率随着PM2.5质量浓度增高而下降,PARP-1、p65核转位、iNOS和NO水平升高,400、600 μg/mL PM2.5处理组与DMSO对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;4-AN预处理可拮抗PM2.5诱导的PARP-1表达与p65核转位升高,同时炎症介质NO与催化合成NO的iNOS水平显著下降（与PM2.5单处理组比较,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05）,并恢复至正常水平（与4-AN单处理组和对照组比较差异无统计学意义,P>0.05)。 结论 抑制PARP-1可以明显缓解PM2.5对HBE细胞的致炎作用,其机制与下调NF-κB核转位进而阻断炎症介质表达有关。     

甲苯二异氰酸盐对人支气管上皮细胞通透性的影响

目的探讨甲苯二异氰酸盐(TDI)对正常人支气管上皮细胞(16HBE)活性氧(ROS)生成及通透性的影响。方法应用改良的Son氏等方法制备TDI-人血清白蛋白(TDI-HSA)。四唑盐(MTT)比色法检测不同浓度的TDI-HSA对正常人支气管上皮细胞株16HBE活力的影响。实验分4组:以未加任何处理因素的16HBE为对照组,20、60、100μg/ml的TDI-HSA处理16HBE 24 h,通过2’,7’-二氢二氯荧光黄双乙酸钠(DCFH-DA)细胞内ROS荧光染色,收集细胞后以流式细胞仪检测荧光强度。选择对ROS水平影响较大的100μg/ml的TDI-HSA处理16HBE 24 h。流式细胞仪定量检测抗氧化剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对TDI-HSA诱导ROS生成的影响,荧光显微镜观察照相。采用跨上皮电阻(TEER)法检测上皮单层细胞的通透性。结果 120μg/ml以下浓度的TDI-HSA对细胞活力无显著影响。ROS水平在对照组、20、60和100μg/ml组分别为:65.04±4.56,91.76±4.84,119.96±10.40,203.11±8.21。100μg/ml TDI-HSA组与对照组及20、60μg/ml组相比,16HBE的ROS水平显著升高(P<0.05)。对照组、100μg/ml TDI-HSA处理组、50 mmol/L NAC预处理组的细胞内ROS水平分别为:69.02±2.14,246.47±18.55,102.50±4.60;而TEER分别为:280.75±11.93,92.25±11.44,207.25±7.41。NAC可显著降低TDI-HSA诱导的ROS生成(P<0.05),改善氧化应激对单层细胞通透性的影响(P<0.05)。结论 TDI显著增加HBEROS的产生,其诱导的氧化应激部分参与支气管上皮细胞通透性的增加。这可能是TDI诱发哮喘的发病机制之一。     

TCDD宫内暴露致雄性子代大鼠生殖毒性研究

目的：探讨2-3-7-8四氯二苯并二噁英（2-3-7-8 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin,TCDD）宫内暴露对雄性子代生殖毒性的影响及机制。方法：成功交配后,将母鼠随机分组。高剂量组（0.5 μg/kg）、低剂量组（0.1 μg/kg）和溶剂对照组,每组各6只,TCDD组及对照组于孕8~14 d（gestation day 8-14,GD8-14）采用灌胃方式分别给予TCDD及玉米油处理。孕鼠自然分娩,测量雄性仔鼠肛门至生殖器的距离（anal to genital distance,AGD）;计算睾丸的脏器系数;利用精子质量分析仪对仔鼠精子的质量及数量进行分析测定;酶联免疫吸附法对雄性子代血清睾酮（testosterone,T）水平进行测定;测定凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl2、Caspase-3的表达水平。结果：0.1 μg/kg组、0.5 μg/kg组仔鼠与对照组仔鼠相比,AGD[（1.49±0.04） cm、（1.32±0.01） cm和（1.21±0.02） cm]有所缩短（P=0.000）,精子数目[（72.33±4.46）×106个/mL、（63.67±3.44）×106个/mL、（45.33±5.47）×106个/mL]与精子活率[（78.53±1.26）%、（64.40±3.14）%、（53.87±3.65）%]明显降低,精子畸形率[（2.17±0.75）%、（4.83±0.75）%、（8.00±1.10）%]升高（P=0.000）,血清中T水平[（2.68±0.06） ng/mL、（2.38±0.08） ng/mL和（2.10±0.09） ng/mL]明显下降（P=0.000）,差异均有统计学意义,0.5 μg/kg TCDD组雄性仔鼠的睾丸质量（P=0.001）和睾丸脏器系数（P=0.004）降低的差异有统计学意义;睾丸组织细胞Bax蛋白相对表达量（0.836±0.004、1.185±0.004、1.414±0.001）随染毒剂量的递增而上升（P=0.000）,Bcl-2（1.368±0.053、1.108±0.040、0.751±0.022）则相反（P=0.001）,同时,0.5 μg/kg TCDD染毒组Pro-Caspase-3蛋白表达明显降低,但Cleaved-Caspase-3蛋白表达明显增加（P=0.000）。结论：宫内暴露TCDD可使雄性仔鼠出现雌性化特征,影响雄性仔鼠生育能力,对雄性子代具有生殖毒性,其机制可能与仔鼠睾丸组织细胞增殖-凋亡失衡和细胞凋亡的线粒体通路被激活有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.