Caprini血栓风险评估模型预测肺癌患者深静脉血栓形成风险的有效性研究

目的 探讨使用Caprini血栓风险评估模型预测肺癌患者深静脉血栓形成发生风险的有效性。方法 采用病例对照研究,收集承德市中心医院2014年1月至2018年12月肺癌患者中被确诊为静脉血栓栓塞症（venous thromboembolism,VTE）的100例患者作为病例组（血栓组）,并选择同时期入院的非VTE肺癌患者200例作为对照组。依据Caprini血栓风险评估量表对两组患者分别进行评分和危险度分级,比较两组患者的一般临床资料、评分情况及危险度分级的构成,采用Logistic回归模型分析Caprini风险评估量表中的危险因素以及VTE危险度分级与肺癌患者VTE发病风险的关系。结果 血栓组患者Caprini风险评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）;血栓组中通过Caprini风险评分量表被评定为极高危和高危的患者比例达98.0%,明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）;严重的肺部疾病,含肺炎（1个月内）、卧床的内科患者、下肢水肿、中心静脉置管、既往恶性肿瘤和深静脉血栓或肺栓塞病史等6个Caprini血栓风险评估量表中的因素是肺癌合并VTE的主要危险因素。D-二聚体、卧床的内科患者、下肢水肿、中心静脉置管、既往恶性肿瘤、深静脉血栓或肺栓塞病史是肺癌合并VTE的独立危险因素。VTE危险度分级为极高危的肺癌患者是VTE发病的高危人群,极高危肺癌患者合并VTE的发病风险是低危患者的36.573倍。结论 Caprini血栓风险评估模型能够很好地评估肺癌患者VTE的发病风险。     

Caprini血栓风险评估量表评估重症住院患者静脉血栓栓塞风险的有效性研究

目的 回顾性验证Caprini风险评估量表预测重症住院患者静脉血栓栓塞(venous thromboembolism, VTE)风险的有效性。方法 采用病例对照研究设计,连续收集2008年1月至2014年6月本院ICU重症住院患者中确诊的78例VTE患者作为病例组,随机选择同时期入院的156例非VTE重症住院患者作为对照组,回顾性收集患者病史、实验室检查等相关临床资料,依据Caprini风险评估量表对两组患者进行评分及VTE危险度分级。比较两组患者Caprini评分情况,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析VTE危险度分级与重症患者VTE发病风险的关系。结果 VTE组患者Caprini评分(8.7±3.5)高于对照组(4.2±2.6);VTE重症患者中经Caprini评分量表判定为高危和极高危的比例高达88.4%,高于非VTE重症患者,差异有统计学意义（ P<0.001）。以Caprini风险评估量表中的危险因素作为自变量进行logistic回归分析显示：卧床内科患者、严重肺部疾病（<1个月）、脓毒症（<1个月）、大手术（<1个月）、恶性肿瘤（既往或现患）、深静脉血栓形成/肺血栓栓塞症（DVT/PTE）疾病史、血栓家族史、多发性创伤（<1个月）等8个危险因素是重症住院患者发生VTE的主要高危因素。Caprini评估量表危险度分级与VTE发病风险相关性分析显示,Caprini评估量表评定为高危和极高危的重症患者与VTE发病存在显著的正相关关系,高危和极高危重症患者VTE的发病风险分别是低危患者的2.042和11.681倍。结论 基于个体危险因素的Caprini血栓风险评估量表可以较好的评估重症患者VTE发病风险,可以在临床推广应用。     

Caprini血栓风险评估量表预测人工肝治疗肝衰竭病人静脉血栓栓塞症风险有效性分析

目的了解Caprini血栓风险评估量表预测人工肝治疗肝衰竭病人静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）风险的有效性。方法收集人工肝治疗肝衰竭病人100例,其中确诊为VTE病人25例作为观察组,非VTE病人75例作为对照组。回顾性收集病人临床资料包括病史、临床症状、治疗方案、实验室检查等,采用Caprini血栓风险评估量表分析2组病人Caprini风险评分、VTE危险度分级,多因素logistic回归模型分析人工肝治疗肝衰竭病人VTE危险度分级与VTE发病风险的关系。结果VTE组病人Caprini评分（4.280±1.948）高于对照组（2.947±2.155）（P < 0.01）,危险度分级低于对照组（P < 0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示:年龄>60岁、卧床或制动>72 h、肥胖（BMI>25 kg/m2）、激素治疗、下肢水肿5个Caprini血栓风险评估量表中的危险因素是人工肝治疗肝衰竭病人发生VTE的主要高危风险因素（P < 0.05）。被评定为极高危人群发病风险是低危病人的8.667倍（P < 0.01）。结论Caprini血栓风险评估量表能较好地预测人工肝治疗肝衰竭病人发生VTE高危风险。     

D-二聚体hs-CRP联合Wells评分早期诊断VTE的临床价值

目的 探究D-二聚体(D-D)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)联合深静脉血栓可能性评分(Wells评分)早期诊断静脉血栓栓塞性疾病(VTE)的临床价值。方法 选取2018年1月至2019年12月黄罗田县人民医院收治的96例骨科大手术患者为研究对象,按是否发生VTE将患者分为观察组与对照组。收集两组临床资料,采用单因素分析血浆D-D、hs-CRP水平和Wells评分与发生VTE的关系,并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血浆D-D、hs-CRP水平和Wells评分及其联合应用对早期VTE的诊断价值。结果 96例患者中,共34例发生VTE(观察组),62例发生VTE(对照组)。与对照组相比,术后第48小时,观察组D-D、hs-CRP水平及Wells评分均明显更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,D-D(OR=2.394,95%CI:1.264～4.536)、hs-CRP(OR=1.990,95%CI:1.147～3.451)及Wells评分(OR=1.732,95%CI:1.210～2.479)均是骨科大手术患者术后发生VTE的危险因素(P<...     

结直肠癌术后静脉血栓栓塞症形成的危险因素预防和治疗分析

目的?探讨结直肠癌术后发生静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）的危险因素及防治措施。方法?回顾性分析2012年5月—2018年12月甘肃省人民医院收治的86例结直肠癌术后发生VTE的患者作为病例组,选取同期入院行结直肠癌根治手术后未发生VTE的84例患者作为对照组。分析结直肠癌术后发生VTE的危险因素,结合其临床表现、辅助检查及治疗方法,进一步阐述结直肠癌术后VET的诊疗方法。 结果?两组在性别、体重指数≥30?kg/m 2（中度肥胖）、糖尿病、高血压、新辅助化疗、手术术式（造瘘）、手术方式（开腹结直肠癌根治术）、输血、使用止血药物及感染方面比较,差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）。两组年龄、血小板（PLT）、D-二聚体比较,差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄>53.5岁[OlR=2.258（95% CI：1.019,5.044）],糖尿病[OlR=2.688（95% CI：1.237,5.842）]、新辅助化疗[OlR=2.424（95% CI：1.147,5.123）]、输血[OlR=2.559（95% CI：1.073,6.103）]、手术方式[OlR=2.044（95% CI：1.044,4.002）]、PLT[OlR=7.800（95% CI：2.689,22.625）]及D-二聚体[OlR=25.416（95% CI：8.726,74.013）]是结直肠癌术后VTE形成的危险因素。结论?对好发VTE的患者应该加强术后护理,早期下床活动,给予双下肢气压治疗,促进下肢静脉回流,必要时予以低分子肝素钙预防;若术后发生VTE,则根据患者出血风险和具体情况制定诊疗措施。     

Caprini血栓风险评估量表对孕产妇静脉血栓栓塞疾病发生风险的预测价值

目的:分析Caprini血栓风险评估量表对孕产妇静脉血栓栓塞疾病(VTE)发生的预测价值。方法:回顾性分析2010年2月至2017年12月78例发生妊娠期及产褥期VTE患者的临床资料,将其作为观察组,选择同期78例妊娠期及产褥期未发生VTE的孕产妇的临床资料作为对照组,比较两组VTE发生的危险因素。结果:观察组Caprini风险评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组Caprini分级极高危患者比例明显高于对照组,高危、中危患者比例明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);单因素分析显示,择期手术、静脉曲张、下肢肿胀、BMI≥25、需要卧床休息、手术时间>45min是VTE发生的危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,静脉曲张、BMI≥25、需要卧床休息、手术时间>45 min是妊娠期及产褥期发生VTE的独立危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);极高危是VTE发生的主要危险因素,极高危患者发生VTE的风险是低中危患者的15.262倍,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Cabrini血栓风险评估可有效预测孕产妇VTE的发生。     

结直肠癌围术期并发静脉血栓栓塞的影响因素

目的 对结直肠癌围术期静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)发生的相关影响因素进行研究,以指导预防和治疗。方法 研究为前瞻性队列研究,纳入2021年6月—2022年4月在本院行结直肠癌根治术的102例患者,获取暴露指标,并观察结局,采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析结直肠癌围术期发生静脉血栓栓塞的影响因素。结果 纳入者中共有20例患者在围术期发生了VTE。经单因素分析,两组患者在年龄、是否合并有糖尿病、既往VTE病史等方面比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;在性别、BMI、是否合并冠心病、是否合并高血压、术前4周是否行抗凝治疗、手术方式、手术时间、手术体位、术后是否行物理预防、术后实验室检查指标上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析得出年龄与结直肠癌围术期并发VTE有回归关系(P=0.005,OR=1.136)。结论 结直肠癌围手术期的VTE发生率高达19.6%;对于年龄（72.95±9.44）岁以上、患有糖尿病、既往有VTE病史的患者,围术期应当加强干预措施,预防静脉血栓栓塞的形成,对于手术时间、手术体位等更值得关注的指标,还需要本中心更大的样本来进一步说明     

基于D-二聚体及血栓图参数构建老年骨科大手术患者早期栓塞风险列线图模型的研究

目的 构建基于D-二聚体(D-D)及血栓图参数的老年骨科大手术患者早期栓塞风险列线图模型,并对其进行验证。方法 选取浙江省长兴县中医院2020年1月至2022年1月收治的56例老年骨科大手术患者,对患者进行3个月的随访根据患者术后是否发生栓塞分为未发生栓塞组(41例)和发生栓塞组(15例)。采用Logistic多因素回归分析影响早期栓塞的危险因素。使用R3.5.3软件绘制预测老年骨科大手术患者发生早期栓塞的列线图模型应用受试者工作曲线(ROC)下面积(AUC)对列线图模型预测效能进行检验并利用Bootstrap法检验模型的准确性。选取2022年6月至2023年6月收治的20例老年骨科大手术患者对模型预测效能进行验证。结果栓塞组与未栓塞组术后1、7dD-D及凝血反应时间(R)、血块生成率(α)、血块形成时间(K)及最大血栓幅度(MA)差异均有统计学意义(均P <0.05)。单因素分析显示,两组手术方式、麻醉方式、手术时间及输血史差异均有统计学意义(均P <0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,手术方式、输血史、D-D、α、K及MA为影响老年骨科大手术患者术后发生早期...     

分级预防护理在骨科大手术患者深静脉血栓形成中的应用效果

目的:探析分级预防护理应用于骨科大手术患者深静脉血栓形成中的效果。方法:选取2018年3月-2019年2月本院骨科接收的行大手术者108例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将研究对象分为对比组(n=54)与研究组(n=54)。对比组采用常规护理模式,在对比组基础上研究组采用Caprini评估量表进行深静脉血栓风险评估,按照风险等级进行分级预防护理。比较两组Caprini评分情况、深静脉血栓形成率和护理总满意度。结果:两组术后1 d Caprini评分均高于术前1 d(P0.05),但两组术前1 d与术后1 d Caprini评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);对比组深静脉血栓发生率为12.96%,高于研究组的1.85%(P0.05);研究组护理总满意率为94.44%,明显高于对比组的79.63%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:骨科大手术患者予以分级预防护理,能降低深静脉血栓形成的发生率,起到良好的预防作用,提高患者护理满意度。     

膝关节镜手术术后静脉血栓形成危险因素分析

目的探讨膝关节镜手术术后静脉血栓形成危险因素。方法以80例膝关节镜手术患者为对象,根据患者是否发生静脉血栓分为血栓组与对照组。利用Logictic回归分析影响膝关节镜手术患者术后静脉血栓的危险因素。结果单因素分析显示,血栓组与对照组性别、体质量指数、吸烟、血脂异常、凝血酶原时间比较无差异(P>0.05);血栓组年龄、手术时间、应用止血带时间、Caprini评分、关节镜术后同期腘窝囊肿开放性切除术(ARPC)术式占比、腰硬联合(CSEA)占比高于对照组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示年龄(OR=1.093)、手术时间(1.015)、Caprini评分(OR=2.961)为影响膝关节镜手术患者术后静脉血栓的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论年龄、手术时间、Caprini评分与膝关节镜术后静脉血栓的发生关系密切,临床对于此类患者应密切关注。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.