乙肝病毒X蛋白通过Wnt/β-catenin信号通路调控Gankyrin表达

目的：研究乙肝病毒X蛋白（hepatitis B virus X protein,HBX）对Gankyrin表达水平的影响以及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路在HBX基因调控Gankyrin表达中的作用。方法：HBX腺病毒表达载体（Ad-HBX-GFP）感染转染2种人肝癌细胞系HepG2、SMMC-7721细胞,Si-HBX分子（Si-HBX oligo）用 LipofectamineTM 2000转染入HepG2.2.15细胞,用RT-PCR和Western blot法检测HBX与Gankyrin的表达情况;β-catenin腺病毒载体转染HepG2、SMMC-7721细胞,用Western blot法检测β-catenin与Gankyrin的表达情况;在沉默β-catenin表达的HepG2、SMMC-7721细胞中过表达HBX基因,Western blot法检测β-catenin与Gankyrin的表达情况。结果：①HepG2.2.15细胞中Gankyrin mRNA与蛋白表达水平均高于HepG2细胞（P＜0.05）。②HepG2与SMMC-7721细胞系中Ad-HBX-GFP组Gankyrin mRNA与蛋白表达水平均高于绿色荧光蛋白腺病毒表达载体（Ad-GFP）组（P＜0.01）。③HepG2.2.15细胞中Si-HBX组Gankyrin mRNA与蛋白表达水平均低于Si-阴性对照（Si-NC）组（P＜0.01）。④在HepG2与SMMC-7721细胞系中过表达HBX后,Ad-HBX-GFP组β-catenin的蛋白表达水平均高于Ad-GFP组（P＜0.01）。⑤在HepG2与SMMC-7721细胞系中过表达β-catenin后,β-catenin腺病毒表达载体（Ad-β-catenin-GFP）组Gankyrin的蛋白表达水平均高于Ad-GFP组（P＜0.01）。⑥在HepG2与SMMC-7721细胞系中沉默β-catenin后,过表达HBX基因,Si-β-catenin腺病毒表达载体（Ad-si-β-catenin-RFP）组与红色荧光蛋白腺病毒表达载体（Ad-RFP）组相比,Gankyrin的蛋白表达水平未见升高（P＜0.01）。结论：HBX-Wnt/β-catenin-Gankyrin信号转导通路存在与肝癌细胞中,抑制β-catenin的功能可阻遏HBX对Gankyrin的上调作用,本结果将可能为肝癌的治疗提供新的思路。     

MTHFD2对人肝癌细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制研究

目的探讨亚甲基四氢叶酸脱氢酶2（MTHFD2）对人肝细胞癌（HCC）细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法将对数生长期的HepG2和SMMC-7721细胞随机分为siMTHFD2#1组、siMTHFD2#2组和siCtrl组3组,分别转染MTHFD2-siRNA#1、MTHFD2-siRNA#2及Ctrl-siRNA。通过siRNA技术构建MTHFD2和p53正向凋亡调节因子（Puma）敲低的HCC细胞模型,分为siMTHFD2+siPuma组（共转染MTHFD2-siRNA和Puma-siRNA）、siMTHFD2组（转染MTHFD2-siRNA）、siPuma组（转染Puma-siRNA）、siNC组（转染阴性对照剂Ctrl-siRNA）。采用流式细胞术和Westernblot法检测敲低MTHFD2表达后细胞凋亡率和凋亡相关信号通路的蛋白表达水平变化情况。通过CCK-8实验和流式细胞术进一步分析MTHFD2和Puma共敲减后细胞增殖能力和凋亡率的变化情况。结果HepG2和SMMC-7721细胞中siMTHFD2#1组和siMTHFD2#2组的MTHFD2表达水平均明显低于siCtrl组（均P＜0.01）。HepG2和SMMC-7721细胞中siMTHFD2#1组和siMTHFD2#2组的细胞凋亡率均明显高于siCtrl组（均P＜0.01）。与siCtrl组比较,siMTHFD2#1组和siMTHFD2#2组HepG2和SMMC-7721细胞的CleavedCaspase3/ProCaspase3、CleavedCaspase7/ProCaspase7比值均明显升高,siMTHFD2#1组和siMTHFD2#2组SMMC-7721细胞的CleavedPARP/ProPARP比值明显升高（均P＜0.05）。与siCtrl组比较,SMMC-7721细胞siMTHFD2#1组和siMTHFD2#2组中Puma表达水平均明显升高（均P＜0.01）,3组Bim、Bid、Bad、Bik、Bak、Bax表达水平比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。在96h的时间点,siMTHFD2组OD值低于siNC组,而siMTHFD2+siPuma组的OD值则明显高于siMTHFD2组（均P＜0.01）。siMTHFD2组凋亡率高于siNC组,siMTHFD2+siPuma组则明显低于siMTHFD2组（均P＜0.01）。结论抑制MTHFD2的表达能够诱导人HCC细胞发生凋亡,是通过上调Puma表达水平来实现的。     

Survivin-ASODN对肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡的促进作用及其机制

目的：应用反义寡核苷酸（ASODN）技术靶向抑制生存素（survivin）基因,研究其对肝癌 SMMC-7721细胞凋亡的影响,阐明survivin反义寡核苷酸（survivin-ASODN）促进SMMC-7721细胞凋亡的作用机制。方法：设计合成survivin-ASODN序列（FAM荧光素标记）。利用脂质体介导法分别用浓度为100、200、300、400和600 nmol?L-1 survivin-ASODN转染SMMC-7721细胞(ASODN转染组),并设空白对照组、空脂质体对照组 和正义寡核苷酸（SODN）对照组。应用流式细胞术(FCM)检测不同浓度survivin-ASODN体外转染SMMC-7721细胞24、48和72 h后SMMC-7721细胞凋亡率及细胞周期;Western blotting法检测survivin蛋白表达水平。结果：与各对照组比较,荧光素标记的ASODN转染SMMC-7721细胞24 h后,细胞生长开始受到抑制,细胞凋亡率增加,呈现剂量-时间依赖性（P<0.05）;作用48 h后,ASODN转染组细胞在G1期前出现明显的亚二倍体凋亡峰,G0/G1期细胞明显减少（P<0.05）,G2/M期细胞显著增加（P<0.05）,细胞被阻滞于G2/M期。与各对照组比较,不同浓度ASODN转染组SMMC-7721细胞survivin蛋白表达水平下降（P<0.05）,且随作用时间的延长而降低（P< 0.05）。结论：survivin-ASODN通过抑制survivin蛋白表达、改变细胞周期进程等机制促进SMMC-7721细胞凋亡,并且呈现时间-剂量依赖性。     

人肝癌HepG2细胞miR-26a对其活性和Wnt信号通路的作用机制

【摘要】 目的 探讨人肝癌HepG2细胞miR-26a对其活性和Wnt信号通路的作用机制。 方法 将人肝癌细胞株HepG2细胞分为肝癌组（无干预的HepG2细胞）、miR-26a组（HepG2细胞转染miR-26aminmics）（模拟物）、miR-26a-NC组（HepG2细胞转染miR-26a-NC）（空转）,多种方法检测HepG2生物活性,免疫印迹和PCR分别检测β-catenin、Wnt3蛋白水平和mRNA表达。结果 miR-26a-NC组与肝癌组HepG2细胞侵袭数量、HepG2细胞迁移率、HepG2细胞凋亡率,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05）,miR-26a组HepG2细胞侵袭数量、HepG2细胞迁移率、HepG2细胞凋亡率,与miR-26a NC组相比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;miR-26a-NC组与肝癌组HepG2细胞中β-catenin、Wnt3蛋白水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05）,miR-26a组HepG2细胞β-catenin、Wnt3蛋白水平与miR-26a-NC组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;miR-26a-NC组与肝癌组HepG2细胞中β-catenin、Wnt3mRNA水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05）,miR-26a组HepG2细胞β-catenin、Wnt3mRNA水平与miR-26a-NC组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论miR-26a抑制HepG2细胞活性,促使其凋亡,其作用机制可能与抑制β-catenin、Wnt3表达相关。     

透骨草提取物对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的影响

目的观察透骨草提取物对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡的影响,探讨透骨草提取物诱导SMMC-7721细胞凋亡的分子机制。方法荧光显微镜观察透骨草提取物对SMMC-7721细胞形态的影响;免疫组化法检测透骨草提取物对SMMC-7721细胞Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的影响。结果荧光显微镜可见,40.91μg/mL透骨草提取物处理的SMMC-7721细胞,细胞皱缩,细胞核固缩,呈新月状且边集,呈现凋亡现象。免疫组化结果显示40.91μg/mL透骨草提取物处理的SMMC-7721细胞Bcl-2蛋白表达明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）,而Bax蛋白表达明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论透骨草提取物可能通过下调Bcl-2蛋白表达、上调Bax蛋白表达诱导SMMC-7721细胞凋亡。     

Ndfip2表达对肝癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及机制

目的 探究Nedd4家族交互作用蛋白2(Ndfip2)对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721和HepG2增殖和凋亡能力的影响.方法 选择正常肝细胞LO2、肝癌细胞SMMC-7721和HepG2进行培养,采用蛋白印迹法检测3组细胞中的Ndfip2的蛋白表达;对培养的SMMC-7721和HepG2细胞转染靶向Ndfip2小干扰RN...     

Sulindac通过抑制Wnt通路诱导SMMC-7721肝癌细胞凋亡

目的初步研究Wnt通路及蛋白激酶B（PKB）在非甾体类抗炎药sulindac诱导人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡过程的作用。方法利用流式细胞仪检测肝癌细胞7721的凋亡,利用Western blot检测caspase-9、PARP（poly ADP-ribose polymerase）等凋亡相关分子的剪切,β连环蛋白（β-catenin）及糖原合酶激酶3β（GSK3β）与蛋白激酶B（PKB）磷酸化水平的变化,利用RT-PCR检测β-catenin及c-myc的mRNA水平。结果sulindac能够诱导SMMC-7721细胞凋亡,显著降低β-catenin的蛋白水平,抑制GSK3β9位丝氨酸的磷酸化,同时促使caspase-9、PARP等凋亡相关分子发生剪切;β-catenin的mRNA水平未见变化;PKB的磷酸化水平未见降低,反而略有增高。结论sulindac能够通过抑制Wnt通路,促进β-catenin的蛋白降解,降低其蛋白水平,诱导SMMC-7721细胞凋亡,且该作用不依赖PKB活性的抑制。     

三氧化二砷诱导人肝癌细胞凋亡及相关分子机制研究

目的:研究三氧化二砷(As2O3)诱导人肝癌细胞凋亡时,细胞周期及细胞周期调节蛋白的变化,探讨As2O3抗肝癌作用的分子机制.方法:体外培养人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721,用2μmol/L As2O3处理72h,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期变化及细胞凋亡率;透射电镜观察细胞形态变化及细胞凋亡情况;免疫细胞化学检测cyclinD1、cyclinA、p21蛋白的表达.结果:As2O3使SMMC-7721细胞周期阻滞在G0/G1、S期,与对照组比较,Aa2O3在诱导SMMC-7721细胞发生凋亡的同时,p21蛋白的表达水平显著增高(对照组1.128;As2O3组:3.794),cyclinD1、cyclinA蛋白的表达水平明显下降(对照组:3.647,2.833;As2O3组:1.133,1.179).结论:As2O3能干扰细胞周期的进程,诱导SMMC-7721细胞凋亡.其作用机制与上调p21蛋白及下调cyclinD1、cyclinA蛋白的表达有关.     

肝星状细胞对肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖、侵袭的影响及作用机制研究

目的观察人肝星状细胞LX-2对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖、侵袭能力的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法人肝星状细胞LX-2条件培养基（HSC-CM）与肝癌SMMC-7721细胞共培养,设为HSC-CM组;人正常肝细胞LO2条件培养基(LO2-CM)与肝癌SMMC-7721细胞共培养,设为LO2-CM组（阴性对照）;1%FBS培养基与肝癌SMMC-7721细胞共培养,设为1%FBS组（空白对照）。采用CCK-8法检测3组肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖能力;Transwell侵袭实验检测培养48h后细胞侵袭能力;Westernblot检测增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、核因子资B（NF-资B）、基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP-2）蛋白表达水平。结果HSC-CM组、LO2-CM组、1%FBS组肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖能力、侵袭能力、PCNA、VEGF、NF-资B、基质金属蛋白酶２（MMP-2）蛋白表达水平比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;与LO2-CM组、1%FBS组比较,HSC-CM组肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖能力、侵袭能力均增强（均P＜0.05）;PCNA、VEGF、NF-资B、MMP-2蛋白表达水平均上调（均P＜0.05）。结论肝星状细胞可促进肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖、侵袭等生物学行为,其作用机制可能与上调PCNA、VEGF、NF-资B、MMP-2表达水平有关。     

沉默脂联素受体1对脂多糖诱导的类风湿关节炎滑膜成纤维细胞MH7A增殖凋亡的影响

目的：观察脂联素受体1（adiponectin receptor1, AdipoR1）沉默对脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide, LPS）诱导的人类风湿关节炎滑膜成纤维细胞（MH7A）增殖、凋亡的影响。 方法： ①利用免疫荧光、Western blot鉴定并验证shRNA技术对构建的AdipoR1沉默MH7A（sh-AdipoR1组）细胞的干扰效率;②分别用CCK8试剂盒、流式细胞仪检测LPS（100 ng/mL）对sh-AdipoR1组及空载病毒对照（sh-NC组）细胞增殖及凋亡的影响;③利用实时定量聚合酶链反应法（real-time polymerase chain reaction,realtime PCR）检测LPS对sh-AdipoR1及sh-NC组细胞中凋亡相关基因BCL-2、BCL-XL、BAX、BAK表达的影响。同时设置无LPS刺激的sh-NC、sh-AdipoR1组作为对照。 结果： ①荧光显微镜下可见sh-AdipoR1组细胞荧光蛋白表达效率趋近于100%,Western blot检测结果显示：与sh-NC组相比,sh-AdipoR1组AdipoR1蛋白的表达显著下降(P＜0.05),表明AdipoR1沉默的细胞构建成功;②无LPS刺激情况下,sh-NC组与sh-AdipoR1组细胞增殖速率及凋亡细胞比例无明显差异;LPS刺激可显著增加sh-NC组和sh-AdipoR1组细胞相对增殖速率及凋亡细胞比例（P＜0.05）;在LPS作用24、48 h,sh-AdipoR1组细胞增殖速率均显著低于sh-NC组（P＜0.05）,而sh-AdipoR1组细胞凋亡率显著高于sh-NC组（P＜0.05）;③real-time PCR结果显示,无LPS刺激情况下,sh-NC组与sh-AdipoR1组抑制凋亡基因BCL-2、BCL-XL与促进凋亡基因BAK、BAX的相对表达量均无显著差异（P＞0.05）;LPS刺激可降低抑凋亡基因BCL-2、BCL-XL表达,增加促凋亡基因BAX、BAK表达（P＜0.05）;在LPS诱导下与sh-NC组相比,sh-AdipoR1组抑制凋亡基因BCL-2、BCL-XL表达下降,促凋亡基因BAX、BAK表达显著升高（P＜0.05）。 结论：AdipoR1基因的沉默可抑制LPS诱导的MH7A细胞增殖,促进细胞凋亡,并提示AdipoR1相关信号通路可能在类风湿关节炎发生发展中起到重要作用,阻断该途径可有效阻断LPS诱导的MH7A细胞炎症反应。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.