2型糖尿病患者自我管理现状与糖尿病知识、态度的相关性

目的:评估2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者糖尿病(DM)知识、态度以及自我管理的状况,探讨T2DM患者自我管理与糖尿病知识、态度的相关性,为进一步认识T2DM患者自我管理与糖尿病知识、态度的相互关系提供有效参考。方法:采用一般资料调查表、DM知识量表、DM态度量表及DM自我管理问卷对4所三级综合医院200名T2DM患者进行问卷调查。结果:DM知识得分为68.06±10.07,DM态度得分为122.60±5.66,DM自我管理得分为57.98±15.30。文化程度、DM病程、DM并发症、定期复查是自我管理水平的影响因素。自我管理得分与DM知识得分(r=0.176,P<0.05)、DM态度得分(r=0.256,P<0.01)均成正相关。结论:绝大多数T2DM患者DM知识、自我管理处于中低水平。医务人员对T2DM患者进行健康教育时,除强调有关DM知识之外,积极改善态度,可以促进形成良好的自我管理行为。     

血清MCP-1、SAA 与老年2 型糖尿病患者 认知功能的相关性研究

目的 研究分析血清单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）、淀粉样蛋白A（SAA）与老年2 型糖尿病 （T2DM）患者认知功能的相关性。方法 选取2016 年6 月—2018 年8 月盐城市第一人民医院收治的78 例 老年T2DM 患者作为研究组,另选取同期本院健康体检者70 例作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测两组 受试者的血清MCP-1 与SAA 水平,并应用简明精神状态量表（MMSE）评估两组的认知功能,研究分析血 清MCP-1、SAA 水平与T2DM 认知功能的相关性。结果 研究组空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平高于对照组 （P <0.05）。研究组MMSE 的各维度评分低于对照组（P <0.05）,且血清MCP-1、SAA 水平高于对照组（P <0.05）。 研究组MMSE 平均得分为（18.16±2.84）分,合并认知障碍发生率为26.92%,轻度、中度和重度认知障碍 组的血清MCP-1、SAA 水平较未合并组升高（P <0.05）。研究组患者的血清MCP-1、SAA 水平与MMSE 总分呈负相关（r s =-0.721 和-0.605,P <0.05）。结论 老年T2DM 患者存在严重认知缺陷,血清MCP-1、 SAA 是老年T2DM 患者发生认知障碍的危险因素,与认知功能呈负相关,可作为评价T2DM 患者认知功能的 非侵入性指标。     

2型糖尿病患者生存质量及其影响因素的分析

目的探讨影响2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者生存质量的相关因素,为T2DM的预防和治疗提供参考。方法对180例病程≥10年的T2DM患者的生存质量进行问卷调查,采用中国糖尿病患者生存质量量表（SF-36）对T2DM患者生存质量进行评价,并采用多元Logistic回归分析影响因素。结果单因素分析显示性别、年龄、家庭所在地、BMI、婚姻状况、并发症和病程与T2DM患者生存质量有关。回归分析显示并发症数量、病程、年龄是影响T2DM患者生存质量的关键因素。结论并发症数量、病程、年龄是影响T2DM患者生存质量的关键因素,对这些因素加以重点评估和合理控制,可以提高T2DM患者的生存质量。     

2型糖尿病患者心理弹性与其生活质量的相关性探讨

目的：探讨2型糖尿病患者心理弹性与其生存质量之间的相关关系。方法：采用一般情况调查问卷、中文版心理弹性量表（CD-RISC）和修订版糖尿病特异性生存质量量表（A-DQOL）,对入住我科的115例2型糖尿病患者进行问卷调查。结果：2型糖尿病患者心理弹性得分为（61.98±14.17）,生活质量得分为（119.87±24.97）,均处于中等水平;二者之间呈正相关关系（P〈0.05）。结论：护理人员应重视患者的心理弹性状况,并积极对其进行干预,以提高其心理弹性水平,进而改善其生活质量。     

2 型糖尿病患者血清Betatrophin 与周围神经病变的关系

目的 探讨2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血清Betatrophin 水平与周围神经病变的关系。方法 选 取2016 年1 月—2016 年11 月在长沙市第一医院就诊的88 例T2DM 患者的临床资料,根据临床症状、体征及 电生理检查,将患者分为58 例糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）组和30 例未合并DPN（NDPN）组。采用ELISA 法检测血清Betatrophin 水平;分别对两组血压、血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血脂及Betatrophin 等指标进行比较分析, 并对DPN 危险因素行Logistic 回归分析。结果 两组糖尿病病程、血清Betatrophin 水平有差异（P <0.05）。 Logistic 回归分析显示,糖尿病病程、血清Betatrophin 水平是T2DM 患者合并DPN 的独立危险因素（P <0.05）。 结论 T2DM 患者血清Betatrophin 水平与DPN 发生关系密切。     

老年糖尿病患者跌倒效能调查及影响因素分析

目的：调查研究老年2型糖尿病患者的跌倒效能及影响因素。方法采用修订版跌倒效能量表（MFES）、Morse跌倒危险评估量表（MFS）,运用调查问卷与观察测评相结合的方法,对218例老年2型糖尿病患者进行调查与分析。结果老年2型糖尿病患者跌倒效能为（8．15±2．91）分。得分最低的项目为“上下楼梯”和“上床与下床”;得分最高的项目为“更衣”和“从椅子上起落”。通过多元线性逐步回归分析发现,糖尿病病程、并发症及跌倒史是糖尿病跌倒效能的主要影响因素。结论老年2型糖尿病患者跌倒效能处于中等水平,与糖尿病病程、并发症及跌倒史密切相关。     

回授法联合家庭参与对老年2型糖尿病患者健康素养和生存质量的影响

目的 探讨回授法联合家庭参与对老年2型糖尿病患者健康素养和生存质量的影响。方法 于2019年1~5月采用便利抽样法选取四川省南充市顺庆区老年2型糖尿病患者82例,运用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组41例。对照组采用常规健康教育,观察组采用回授法联合家庭参与管理进行健康教育,时长均为6个月。干预前、干预6个月后采用糖尿病健康素养问卷和健康状况量表（SF-12）分别评定两组患者健康素养水平及生存质量状况。结果 干预前后,观察组健康素养得分差值高于对照组[（14.82±5.56）分比（9.45±3.73）分]、生存质量得分差值高于对照组[（9.37±7.01）分比（1.63±6.68）分],差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 回授法联合家庭参与可有效提高老年2型糖尿病患者的健康素养水平及生存质量状况。     

广州地区2型糖尿病患者生存质量与糖尿病痛苦的关系研究

目的了解2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的生存质量与心理痛苦现状,探讨其影响因素与相关关系,为制定综合干预措施提供依据。方法采用糖尿病特异性生存质量量表修订版和糖尿病痛苦量表,在广州市番禺区抽取T2DM患者448名进行面对面问卷调查,采用SPSS统计软件进行统计分析。结果生存质量平均(117.03±21.05)分,有糖尿病痛苦者占77.23%。女性、年龄60岁、未婚独居或丧偶、小学及以下文化程度、家庭平均月收入≤2 000元、有糖尿病家庭史、病程≥5年、合并高血压者的生活质量相对较低,糖尿病痛苦发生率相对较高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,病程(OR=2.539,95%CI:1.430～4.506)、家庭人均月收入(OR=2.055,95%CI:1.198～3.523)、年龄(OR=1.862,95%CI:1.110～3.123)、性别(OR=1.772,95%CI:1.056～2.974)、糖尿病家庭史(OR=1.752,95%CI:1.080～2.843)均为糖尿病痛苦的危险因素,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。糖尿病生存质量得分与患者糖尿病痛苦总分及各维度得分均成正相关。结论 T2DM患者的糖尿病痛苦程度越重,其生活质量越差,应建立综合随访干预机制以降低糖尿病痛苦对T2DM患者生存质量的影响。     

老年2型糖尿病患者血清铁蛋白、25(OH)D水平与肌少症的关系

目的 探讨老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血清铁蛋白、25羟维生素D[25(OH)D]水平与肌少症的关系。方法 收集236例T2DM患者,根据是否合并肌少症分为肌少症组（n=52）和单纯T2DM组（n=184）。收集患者病史资料和实验室指标,分析肌少症组血清铁蛋白、25(OH)D水平与步速、握力、四肢骨骼肌质量指数（ASMI）、肌少症-5(SARC-F)评分的相关性。多因素Logistic回归分析老年T2DM患者合并肌少症的影响因素。ROC曲线分析血清铁蛋白、25(OH)D水平对老年T2DM患者合并肌少症的评估价值。结果 与单纯T2DM组比较,肌少症组体质量指数（BMI）、步速、握力、ASMI和25(OH)D水平均降低,病程延长,胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、SARC-F评分和铁蛋白水平均升高（P均<0.05）。肌少症组血清铁蛋白水平与步速、握力、ASMI均呈负相关,与SARC-F评分呈正相关（r/rs=-0.378、-0.356、-0.532、0.467,P均<0.05）;25(OH)D水平与步速、握力、ASMI均呈正相关,与SARC-F评分呈负相关（rs=0.511、...     

Ghrelin 水平与T2DM 患者认知功能的相关性研究

目的 探讨血清胃饥饿素（Ghrelin）水平与2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者认知功能的相关性。方法 选取2015 年6 月-2016 年8 月于唐山工人医院内分泌科就诊的T2DM 患者195 例作为研究对象。收集患者的年龄、性别、教育、病程、体重指数、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白及低密度脂蛋白等指标,采用酶联免疫法吸附法检测血清Ghrelin 水平。使用简易精神状态量表（MMSE）和重复性成套神经心理状态测验量表（RBANS）对所用患者的认知功能进行评定。依据MMSE评分结果将患者分为认知功能障碍组和非认知功能障碍组,比较以上两组的一般资料及RBANS 量表认知功能评分有无差异。结果 ①与T2DM 非认知功能障碍组相比,认知功能障碍组患者血清Ghrelin 上升（P <0.05）;②经Logistic 回归分析发现,血清Ghrelin 为T2DM 出现认知功能障碍的保护因素（P <0.05）;③血清Ghrelin 与T2DM 患者RBANS 量表即刻记忆、言语功能、注意力、延时记忆及总分呈正相关（P <0.05）。结论 T2DM 伴认知功能障碍患者血清Ghrelin 水平降低,并且与认知功能呈正相关,提示Ghrelin 可能参与了T2DM 患者认知功能障碍的发生及发展过程。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.