氧化应激通过胰腺线粒体通透性转换孔损伤导致胰腺炎的机制

目的：探讨氧化应激对胰腺线粒体通透性转换孔（MPTP）的影响以及氧化应激引起的胰腺炎的主要机制。方法：选择2017年1月-2019年12月于葫芦岛市中心医院消化科住院的96例患者,探究氧化应激因子与胰腺炎相关指标及炎症因子的相关性;并利用雨蛙素对人胰腺细胞AR42J进行造模,研究氧化应激导致胰腺炎的机理。结果：不同严重程度胰腺炎患者血糖、血钙、血淀粉酶、白细胞计数、各项炎症因子与氧化应激因子比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。血糖、血钙、血淀粉酶、白细胞计数、IL-8、IL-6、TNF-α、hs-CRP与MDA均呈正相关（P<0.05）,与SOD、CAT、GSH-Px均呈负相关（P<0.05）。随着雨蛙素处理浓度升高,AR42J细胞内各项炎症因子与MDA均逐渐升高,SOD、CAT、GSH-Px逐渐降低（P<0.05）。不同浓度雨蛙素处理AR42J细胞内IL-8、IL-6、TNF-α、hs-CRP与MDA均呈正相关（P<0.05）,与SOD、CAT、GSH-Px水平均呈负相关（P<0.05）。随着雨蛙素浓度逐渐升高,相对荧光单位（RFU值）、红/...     

促炎症脂肪因子与高尿酸血症相关性研究

目的 探讨促炎症脂肪因子与高尿酸血症（hyperuricemia,HUA）以及血尿酸水平的相关性,为HUA的诊断和治疗提供科学依据.方法 选取参加体检的企事业单位职工1000例为研究对象,采集空腹静脉血测定血清尿酸,以男性＞420μmo1/L,女性＞360μmol/L设为分解线,将研究对象分为高尿酸组和对照组.采用EL1SA双抗体夹心酶联法检测肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、1型纤溶酶原激活物抑制物（PAI-1）、白介素-1β（IL-1β）、白介素-6（IL-6）.结果 HUA总患病率8.9％,男性患病率为1o.73％明显高于女性为6.67％,差异有统计学意义（x2=5.03,P=0.02）.男性和女性HUA组患者的促炎症脂肪因子TNF-α、PAI-1、IL-1β、IL-6的含量均明显高于对照组患者,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.001）,且与血尿酸水平呈正相关（P＜0.05）.结论 在HUA中血清促炎症脂肪因子TNF-α、PAI-1、IL-1β、IL-6含量与尿酸水平呈正相关,在疾病诊断、疗效评估和监测中具有重要临床意义.     

老年肾移植术后糖皮质激素冲击所致骨质疏松的危险因素分析

目的 探讨老年肾移植术后糖皮质激素冲击所致骨质疏松患者的血清氧化应激指标变化及危险因素。方法 选取2015年2月至2017年2月郑州市第七人民医院收治的老年肾移植术后糖皮质激素冲击所致骨质疏松患者43例作为观察组,收集同期21例经肾移植术后未发生骨质疏松的老年人作为对照组,观察两组患者骨密度、血清氧化应激、炎症因子等指标变化,并分析骨密度同血清氧化应激、炎症因子之间相关性以及影响骨质疏松发生的危险因素。结果 观察组骨密度水平低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组晚期氧化蛋白产物（AOPP）、丙二醛（MDA）高于对照组,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、总抗氧化能力（TAC）低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组C-反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-6（IL-6）高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;Pearson相关分析显示骨密度与SOD、TAC呈正相关（r=0.531,0.474）,与AOPP、MDA、CRP、TNF-α、IL-6呈负相关（r=-0.592,-0.486,-0.327,-0.421,-0.307,均P<0.05）;logistic回归分析显示年龄、AOPP、MDA、TAC是影响骨质疏松发生的危险因素（P均<0.05）。结论 老年肾移植术后糖皮质激素冲击所致骨质疏松患者的骨密度与AOPP、CRP、TNF-α、IL-6呈负相关,且年龄、AOPP、MDA、TAC均是影响骨质疏松发生的危险因素。     

NF-κB p65基因在TNF-α诱导的肺泡上皮细胞氧化损伤中的作用

目的建立急性肺损伤肺泡上皮细胞炎症模型,探讨NF-κB p65基因在炎症诱导的氧化应激损伤中的作用。方法以肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α,10 ng/mL）刺激A549细胞,运用RNA干扰技术沉默核因子κB（NF-κB）p65基因,采用RT-PCR及Western blot法检测沉默效率,ELISA法检测细胞培养上清中白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、IL-4、IL-6等炎症因子浓度,比色法检测细胞内丙二醛（MDA）及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）浓度,MTT法检测细胞存活率。结果 TNF-α刺激A549细胞可在基因及蛋白水平上调NF-κB p65的表达,并增加NF-κB蛋白的核转位;同时细胞培养上清中IL-1β、IL-4、IL-6的浓度升高,细胞内MDA增多,SOD减少,细胞存活率降低。预转染NF-κB p65 siRNA可在基因水平及蛋白水平有效沉默NF-κB p65表达,降低TNF-α诱导的上述各炎症因子及MDA浓度的增高,减少SOD的耗损,A549细胞存活率升高（P〈0.05）。结论 NF-κB能介导TNF-α触发的过度炎症反应和氧化应激,导致细胞存活率明显降低;沉默NF-κB p65基因可有效下调炎症反应水平及其诱发的氧化应激,减轻肺结构细胞的损伤。     

高通量透析对维持性血液透析患者氧化应激及微炎症状态的影响

目的：探讨维持性血液透析患者行高通量血液透析（HFHD）后氧化应激及微炎症状态的变化。方法：选取2009年6月至2012年6月在我院血液透析中心规律透析6个月以上的尿毒症患者80例,随机分为常规透析组（HD组）和高通量透析组（HFHD组）,分别在首次治疗前、治疗3个月后、治疗6个月后留取透析前的血液标本,检测血清中SOD、MDA、CRP、IL-6、TNF-α的水平。结果：HFHD组治疗3个月后,SOD、MDA、CRP、IL-6、TNF-α分别与治疗前相比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而治疗6个月后,血清SOD水平较治疗前、治疗3个月后均升高,MDA、CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平较治疗前、治疗3个月后均降低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组治疗3个月后,SOD、MDA、CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平相比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。两组治疗6个月后,SOD、MDA、CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平相比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：HFHD可升高维持性血液透析患者血清SOD水平,降低MDA、CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平,进而减轻患者的氧化应激,改善微炎症状态。     

少腹逐瘀汤对寒凝血瘀模型大鼠氧化应激因子、炎性介质及血管舒缩因子的影响

目的考察少腹逐瘀汤对寒凝血瘀模型大鼠氧化应激因子、炎性介质及血管舒缩因子的影响,探讨少腹逐瘀汤治疗寒凝血瘀证相关疾病的作用机制。方法采用冰水浴及注射盐酸肾上腺素方法造成SD大鼠寒凝血瘀模型,对其血液流变学、氧化应激因子、炎性介质及血管舒缩因子进行测定。结果经少腹逐瘀汤干预后,与模型组比较,大鼠全血黏度、血浆黏度、丙二醛(MDA)、白介素(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-2α(TNF-2α)、内皮素-1(ET-1)及ET-1/一氧化氮(NO)比值均明显降低,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、NO及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性则显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05~0.01)。且血清IL-6、TNF-2α与MDA、ET-1呈正相关,与SOD、NO、NOS呈负相关。血清NO、NOS与SOD呈正相关,与MDA呈负相关;ET-1与SOD呈负相关,与MDA呈正相关。结论寒凝血瘀大鼠体内氧化应激反应、炎症反应与内皮功能障碍相互作用,互为因果。少腹逐瘀汤可通过调节血清氧化应激因子活性,抑制炎性介质合成与释放,改善血管舒缩运动,治疗寒凝血瘀证相关疾病。     

IL-10在心力衰竭患者心肌中的表达及其与心肌氧化应激关系的研究

目的 探讨白细胞介素-10（IL-10）在心力衰竭发病过程中的意义.方法 利用real-time PCR技术检测15例心力衰竭患者和9例正常人左心室心肌组织IL-10、IL-6及TNF-α mRNA水平;采用丙二醛（MDA）试剂盒检测心肌MDA含量,并分析IL-10与IL-6、TNF-α及MDA含量的相关性.结果 与对照组相比,心力衰竭患者心肌组织IL-10 mRNA水平明显下调（P＜0.05）;而IL-6、TNF-α mRNA水平及MDA含量升高,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）.相关分析发现心力衰竭心肌IL-10 mRNA与IL-6、TNF-α mRNA水平呈负相关（P＜0.05）,与MDA含量同样呈负相关（P＜0.01）.结论 心力衰竭患者心肌组织促炎因子水平及氧化应激程度均增高,与IL-10水平下调密切相关,上调IL-10水平可能抑制心力衰竭患者炎性反应及氧化应激过程.     

持续血液灌流对急性百草枯中毒患者血浆 炎症及氧化应激损伤指标的影响

目的 研究持续血液灌流（HP）对急性百草枯中毒（APP）患者血浆Presepsin 及其他炎症因子水平、 氧化应激损伤指标的影响。方法 选取该院收治的APP 患者92 例,分成对照组和治疗组,分别于治疗前及治 疗后3 d 检测MDA、SOD、TNF-α 及IL-6 水平;治疗前及治疗后6、12 和24 h 检测血Presepsin 及百草枯 （PQ）浓度,并进行分析。结果 两组患者治疗前MDA、SOD、TNF-α 及IL-6 水平比较无差异（P >0.05）; 两组患者治疗后MDA、SOD、TNF-α 及IL-6 水平比较有差异（P <0.05）。两组患者血浆Presepsin、PQ 水 平比较有差异（P <0.05）。APP 患者治疗前血浆Presepsin 水平与PQ 浓度呈正相关（P <0.05）。治疗后24 h, 血浆Presepsin 水平与PQ 浓度无相关性（P >0.05）。结论 持续HP 可减低APP 患者血浆Presepsin 及其他炎 症因子水平,减轻氧化应激损伤,改善预后。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者的炎症细胞因子 水平与氧化应激参数的变化

目的观察非酒精性脂肪性肝病（nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)患者血清炎症细胞因子水平与 氧化应激参数的变化。方法检测182例新诊断的NAFLD患者和50例健康个体的血清TNF-ouILA、丙二醛 (malondialdehyde, MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD)及相关生化指标,肝/脾CT比值,用稳态 模型评估暖岛素抵抗指数（homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR)。结果与健康对照组比 较,NAFLD 患者血清 TNF-α、IL-6、MDA、餐后 2 h 血糖（2 h postprandial blood glucose, 2hBG)、空腹肢岛素（fasting insulin,只奶）、餐后2 11胰岛素（2111阳）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C)、三酰甘油（TG、尿酸 (UA)、游离脂肪酸（FFA)、超敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP)、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST)、γ-谷氨 酰转肽酶（GGT)以及体质量指数（BMI)、HOMA-IR均明显升高（均<P<0.05),而血清SOD和肝/脾CT比值明显 降低（均P<0.01)。NAFLD组患者血清TNF-α和IL-6水平均与HOMA-IR、FFA、TG、BMI、2hINS呈正相关（P<0.05),而血清MDA水平与ALT、AST呈正相关（P<0.01),血清SOD水平则与ALT呈负相关（P<0.01)。结论NAFLD患者的炎症细胞因子水平与氧化应激参数明显升高,合并更多的代谢指标异常。     

厄贝沙坦对维持性血液透析患者氧化应激和微炎症状态的影响

目的 探讨厄贝沙坦对维持性血液透析（MHD）患者氧化应激和微炎症状态的影响.方法 选择MHD＞半年以上的患者46例,随机分为常规透析组和透析加厄贝沙坦组,同时以20例健康成人作为正常对照组.测定各组治疗前及治疗3月后血浆晚期蛋白质氧化产物（AOPP）、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和血清C-反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-a（TNF-α）的水平,并监测血压及血钾变化.结果 与正常对照组相比较,常规透析组和透析加厄贝沙坦组血浆MDA、AOPP、CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平均明显升高（P＜0.05）,SOD则明显降低（P＜0.05）.透析加厄贝沙坦组在治疗3月后所测得MDA、AOPP、CRP、IL-6明显低于服药前以及3月后常规透析组（P＜0.05）,而SOD则显著增高（P＜0.05）.常规透析组治疗前后相比,血浆AOPP、MDA、SOD水平有明显差异性（P＜0.05）;常规透析组治疗前后比较,血浆CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平增加但差异无显著性（P＞0.05）.在整个治疗期间透析加厄贝沙坦组患者血钾正常.结论 血液透析患者存在氧化应激和微炎症状态,厄贝沙坦能有效地改善MHD患者的氧化应激和微炎症状态.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.