慢性牙周炎患者外周血单核细胞Notch1 mRNA 的 表达及与疾病严重程度的相关性

目的 探讨慢性牙周炎患者外周血单核细胞Notch1 mRNA 的表达及与疾病严重程度的相关性。 方法 选取2017 年1 月—2018 年12 月丽水市人民医院口腔科收治的慢性牙周炎患者150 例作为观察组,另取 同期该院150 例健康体检者作为对照组。观察组根据病情严重程度分为轻度组54 例,中度组51 例,重度组45 例。 采用实时荧光定量聚合酶连反应检测外周血Notch1 mRNA 表达,流式细胞仪测定外周血辅助性T 细胞17 （Th17）水平,双抗体夹心法酶联免疫吸附试验测定外周血白细胞介素-17（IL-17）水平。结果 观察组外周 血Notch1 mRNA 表达,Th17 细胞、IL-17 水平均高于对照组（P <0.05）。不同严重程度慢性牙周炎患者外周 血Notch1 mRNA 表达,Th17 细胞、IL-17 水平比较差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,中度组和重度组高于轻度组 （P <0.05）,重度组高于中度组（P <0.05）。慢性牙周炎患者治疗后外周血Notch1 mRNA 表达,Th17 细胞、 IL-17 水平低于治疗前（P <0.05）。慢性牙周炎患者治疗前外周血Notch1 mRNA 表达与Th17 细胞、IL-17 水 平呈正相关（r =0.548 和0.572,P <0.05）。结论 Notch1 mRNA 可能通过促进Th17 细胞分化参与慢性牙周炎 的发病过程,Notch1 mRNA 表达水平可在一定程度上反映慢性牙周炎的病情严重程度。     

溃疡性结肠炎患者中TLR9和STAT3的表达及其与IL-10的相关性研究

  目的  检测Toll样受体9(TLR9)、信号转导与转录活化因子3(STAT3)及白介素10(IL-10)在溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)患者外周血及肠黏膜组织中的表达水平, 探讨它们在UC发病中的作用及其相互关系。  方法  选取2019年7月—2020年7月在蚌埠医学院第一附属医院诊治的32例UC患者归为实验组,30例健康体检者纳入正常对照组,其中实验组又分为轻度(10例)、中度(14例)及重度组(8例)。检测外周血单个核细胞中TLR9 mRNA和STAT3 mRNA的表达和血清IL-10水平及肠黏膜组织中TLR9、STAT3及IL-10蛋白表达水平。  结果  实验组UC患者TLR9 mRNA和STAT3 mRNA的表达水平均高于正常对照组(均P < 0.05);血清中IL-10的表达水平明显低于正常对照组(P < 0.05)。肠黏膜组织中TLR9、STAT3的蛋白表达水平均高于正常对照组(均P < 0.05),IL-10蛋白表达水平低于正常对照组(P < 0.05)。TLR9 mRNA和STAT3 mRNA、TLR9和STAT3蛋白表达水平之间均呈正相关,血清IL-10与TLR9 mRNA、STAT3 mRNA表达水平呈负相关,肠黏膜组织IL-10与TLR9、STAT3蛋白表达水平呈负相关。  结论  TLR9、STAT3、IL-10共同参与了UC的发生和发展,在UC的发病机制中TLR9和STAT3可能参与了IL-10的表达与调控。      

NLRP3炎症小体通路在慢性阻塞性肺病发展中的作用研究

目的探讨平常固有免疫中核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3（NLRP3）炎症小体通路在慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）发展中的作用。方法选取94例COPD患者为研究对象,中度、重度、极重度分别31、33和30例。采集急性加重期和稳定期的外周血标本,采用荧光定量PCR检测外周血NLRP3、接头蛋白凋亡相关点样蛋白（ASC）、半胱天冬酶1（Caspase-1）、IL-1β、IL-18mRNA表达水平,采用ELISA法测定血清细胞因子IL-1β、IL-18浓度;并在稳定期测定肺功能,分析稳定期外周血炎症小体成分及下游分子mRNA表达水平与肺功能指标的相关性。结果不论是稳定期或急性加重期,重度、极重度组外周血NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18mRNA表达水平均明显高于中度组（均P＜0.05）,极重度组又明显高于重度组（均P＜0.05）;与稳定期比较,3组患者急性加重期均明显升高（均P＜0.05）。不论是稳定期或急性加重期,重度、极重度组血清IL-1β、IL-18浓度均明显高于中度组（均P＜0.05）,极重度组又明显高于重度组（均P＜0.05）;与稳定期比较,3组患者急性加重期均明显升高（均P＜0.05）。稳定期COPD患者外周血炎症小体成分及下游分子mRNA表达水平与FEV1占预计值、FEV1/FVC均呈负相关（均P＜0.01）。结论NLRP3炎症小体通路可能参与COPD反复急性加重、肺功能进行性下降的过程,与COPD进展密切相关。     

IL-17在子痫前期患者胎盘组织和外周血中的表达

目的  探讨白细胞介素-17 (IL-17)和Th17细胞与子痫前期发病的关系。方法  选取32例重度子痫前期患者为子痫前期组,30例正常晚期妊娠孕妇为对照组。采用实时定量PCR方法检测两组胎盘组织IL-17 mRNA 表达水平;酶联免疫吸附试验双抗体夹心（ELISA）法检测外周血血清IL-17、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的浓度。结果子痫前期组胎盘IL-17 mRNA表达量较对照组升高（P＜0.05）;子痫前期组外周血血清IL-17、IL-6、TNF-α水平均高于对照组（P＜0.01、P＜0.05、P＜0.01）;子痫前期组外周血中IL-17与IL-6的表达水平呈正相关（r=0.402,P＜0.05）。结论  IL-17和Th17细胞介导了子痫前期的发生,其过程可能与IL-6和TNF-α的参与有关。     

再生障碍性贫血患者外周血和骨髓中IL-17、IL-23及TGF-β 表达水平及其临床意义

目的：探讨再生障碍性贫血（AA）患者外周血和骨髓中白细胞介素17（IL-17）、
白细胞介素23（IL-23）及转化生长因子β（TGF-β）的表达水平及其临床意义,阐明AA的
发病机制。方法：随机选取50例AA患者作为实验组,30例同期体检健康人作为对照组;采
用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）和实时荧光定量PCR法检测外周血、骨髓中IL-17、IL-23、TGF-
β蛋白及mRNA表达水平。结果：与对照组比较,实验组患者外周血、骨髓中IL-17和IL-23
蛋白及mRNA表达水平明显升高,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,其中以IL-1
7升高最为显著（P<0.001）;实验组患者外周血和骨髓中TGF-β蛋白及mRNA表达水平明
显降低,组间比较差异亦有统计学意义（P<0.01）。实验组患者外周血和骨髓中IL-17与IL-2
3蛋白表达水平均呈正相关关系（r=0.69,P<0.05;r=0.71,P<0.05）,IL-17与TGF-β蛋白表达水平呈负相关关系（r=－0.65,P<0.05）,
IL-23与TGF-β蛋白表达水平呈负相关关系（r=－0.72,P<0.05）。结论：IL-17、IL-23和TGF-β可能直接参与AA的发生发展过程,三者的联
合检测可为AA患者的临床治疗提供新的思路。
     

IL-23对溃疡性结肠炎患者外周血单个核细胞分泌IL-17、IFN-γ的影响及意义

目的观察IL-23在溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者外周血中的表达及其对外周血单个核细胞（PBMCs）分泌IL-17、IFN7的影响及意义。方法60例活动期UC患者为UC组,健康体检者40例为对照组。两组患者取肘静脉血3mL,送实验室进行PBMCs分离与培养。ELISA法检测上清液（经或未经LPS刺激）中IL-23含量;ELISA法检测上清液（经或未经IL-23刺激）中IL-17、IFN-γ含量。结果UC组上清液中IL-23水平均明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）;经LPS刺激后,两组上清液中IL-23表达水平均明显高于LPS刺激前（P〈0．01）。未经IL-23刺激的两组间IL-17、IFN-γ表达水平差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,UC组明显高于对照组;IL-23刺激后两组间IL-17、IFN-γ表达水平差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,UC组明显高于对照组。各组经IL-23刺激后,IL-17、IFN-γ表达水平均显著高于IL-23刺激前（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论IL-23是UC发病的重要启动因素,IL-17（IL-23诱导）在UC发病过程中发挥重要作用。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者 IL-37 的表达及其与其他细胞因子的相关性

对系统性红斑狼疮患者血清及外周血单个核细胞白细胞介素 37（IL-37）、白细胞介素 6（IL-6）、白细胞介素 18（IL-18）和干扰素 γ（IFN-γ）进行研究,探讨系统性红斑狼疮患者 IL-37 的表达及其与其他细胞因子的相关性。方法 选择 2012 年 12 月 -2015 年 12 月吉林大学第一医院风湿科系统性红斑狼疮患者 32 例和体检中心正常健康者 32 例作为研究对象,将 32 例系统性红斑狼疮患者作为系统性红斑狼疮组,将 32 例健康者作为对照组。检测两组患者血清 IL-37、IL-6、IL-18 和 IFN-γ 水平以及外周血单个核细胞IL-37 mRNA、IL-6 mRNA、IL-18 mRNA 和 IFN-γmRNA 的表达。结果 系统性红斑狼疮组患者血清IL-37、IL-6、IL-18 和 IFN-γ 水平均高于对照组健康者（ <0.05）。系统性红斑狼疮患者血清 IL-37 与血清IL-6、IL-18、IFN-γ 均呈正相关（ <0.05）。多元线性回归分析显示 IL-6、IL-18、IFN-γ 水平是血清 IL-37水平的影响因素（均 <0.05）。系统性红斑狼疮组 IL-37 mRNA、IL-6 mRNA、IL-18 mRNA 和 IFN-γmRNA 的表达均高于对照组（ <0.05）。系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血单个核细胞 IL-37 mRNA 与 IL-6mRNA、IL-18 mRNA 和 IFN-γmRNA 均呈正相关（ <0.05）。多元线性回归分析显示IL-6 mRNA、IL-18mRNA、IFN-γmRNA 表达量是外周血单个核细胞 IL-37 mRNA 表达量的影响因素（均 <0.05）。结论新发现的炎症因子 IL-37 参与系统性红斑狼疮的发病过程,与 IL-6、IL-18 和 IFN-γ 炎症因子具有相关性。     

UC患者外周血白介素-22及相关CD4＋T细胞亚群的表达

目的：探讨IL-22及CIM＋T细胞亚群在溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerativecolitis,UC）发病机制中的可能作用。方法：以我院住院治疗的35例UC患者及35例健康对照者为研究对象,应用ELISA法检测外周血血浆中IL-22的含量,采用流式细胞术检测Th1、Th17、Th22细胞亚群的比例,并分析其与疾病活动度的关系。结果：UC组患者血浆中IL-22的含量显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）,其中重度患者增高明显;UC组患者外周血Th17细胞比例显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）,其中,中、重度患者增高明显;UC组患者外周血IL～22细胞比例显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）,其中,重度患者增高明显;而UC组患者Th1细胞比例与对照组比较有明显差异。结论：UC患者外周血中IL-22水平、Th17、TId2细胞比例明显升高,且与疾病活动度密切相关。     

新疆维吾尔族与汉族溃疡性结肠炎患者肠黏膜组织炎性细胞因子及信号传导蛋白和转录激活物3表达差异研究

目的 探讨新疆维吾尔自治区维吾尔族溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者肠黏膜组织中炎性细胞因子及信号转导蛋白和转录激活因子3(STAT3)表达与汉族UC患者的差异.方法 选取2015年6月至2016年10月该院住院UC患者30例(维吾尔族15例,汉族15例)作为UC组,另选取同期健康检查者26例(维吾尔族13例,汉族13例)作为对照组,取受试者肠黏膜组织采用反转录PCR检测干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素(IL)-22、IL-17A、IL-17F mRNA表达水平,并采用免疫组织化学法进行STAT3的检测.结果 与维吾尔族对照组相比,维吾尔族UC组患者IFN-γ、IL-22、IL-17A、IL-17F mRNA表达水平都上调,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与汉族对照组相比,汉族UC组患者上述炎性因子mRNA表达水平都上调,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而汉族UC组与维吾尔族UC组患者上述炎性因子mRNA表达水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).通过免疫组织化学法,STAT3在肠黏膜上皮细胞细胞质中着色,汉族、维吾尔族UC组阳性表达率均高于相应对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而维吾尔族UC组与汉族UC组相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 在新疆维吾尔自治区,维吾尔族和汉族UC患者肠黏膜IFN-γ、IL-22、IL-17A、IL-17F及STAT3表达明显增高,但上述因子在维吾尔族与汉族患者UC的发生、发展中可能无明显差异.     

新疆维吾尔族与汉族哮喘患者外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞白介素2、白介素4、干扰素γ mRNA表达水平研究

目的 检测新疆维吾尔族与汉族哮喘患者外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞白介素2（IL-2）、白介素4(IL-4)、干扰素γ(IFN-γ) mRNA的表达水平,比较其表达差异在疾病中的作用。方法 选取2014年12月-2015年5月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院和新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院确诊的哮喘急性发作期患者150例为哮喘组（包括维吾尔族30例、汉族120例）,及同期在新疆医科大学第一附属医院进行体检的健康人群101例为对照组（包括维吾尔族35例、汉族66例）。应用实时荧光定量反转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）技术检测所有受试者IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ mRNA的表达水平。结果 选择内参基因GAPDH进行校正。哮喘组与对照组受试者IL-2、IL-4 mRNA的表达水平间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;而IFN-γ mRNA的表达水平间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。维吾尔族与汉族哮喘患者IL-2 mRNA的表达水平间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;而IL-4、IFN-γ mRNA的表达水平间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。汉族哮喘亚组与汉族对照亚组受试者IL-2、IL-4 mRNA的表达水平间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;而IFN-γ mRNA的表达水平间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。维吾尔族哮喘亚组与维吾尔族对照亚组受试者IL-2、IL-4 mRNA的表达水平间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;而IFN-γ mRNA的表达水平间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 哮喘患者IL-2基因表达高于健康人群,IL-4基因表达低于健康人群;汉族哮喘患者IL-4、IFN-γ基因表达均低于维吾尔族哮喘患者。提示IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ基因在哮喘发病过程中发挥重要作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.