腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗肝内外胆管结石

目的 探讨腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗肝内外胆管结石的可行性及临床应用价值。方法 2000年9月—2002年3月，10例肝内外胆管结石采用腹腔镜下胆总管切开联合纤维胆道镜探查取石。1期缝合胆总管或胆总管T管引流。结果 手术均获成功，无中转开腹。除1例术后胆漏经保守方法治愈外，其余无并发症发生。术后2例胆道残余结石，经门诊胆道镜取净残余结石。结论 腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗肝内外胆管结石是一种微创、安全、可靠、有效的新技术，但应掌握好适应证。     

纤维胆道镜在腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术中的应用

目的 探讨纤维胆道镜在腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术中的应用方法及疗效. 方法 回顾性分析我院2000年10月～2005年12月178例腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术中纤维胆道镜取石的临床应用体会. 结果 全部手术均于腹腔镜下完成,术后放置胆道内置引流管、胆总管一期缝合107例,余71例放置T管引流,无一例中转开腹,胆道镜检查取石时间平均31 min（6～92 min）,162例肝外胆管结石均于术中成功取净,术后1个月经B超检查内置管组107例中104例已排出,3例经胃镜取出,107例胆道内置引流管者随访3～51个月,平均27.8月,无胆道残余结石及胆道狭窄.16例肝内胆管结石术后检查发现胆管残余结石5例,均为术中已知残余结石,术后6周经T管窦道1～3次取出. 结论 腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术中熟练技巧应用纤维胆道镜,能可靠彻底地清除肝外胆管结石,疏通主要肝管,为胆道探查术后胆总管一期缝合提供了安全保障.     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗肝外胆管结石的方法探讨

目的:探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗肝外胆管结石的手术方法及临床经验.方法:回顾分析32例患者行腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗肝外胆管结石的临床资料.结果:31例患者成功完成腹腔镜胆总管探查术,其中经胆囊管胆道镜取石5例,胆总管切开取石一期缝合16例,胆总管切开取石"T"管引流术10例;1例中转开腹.术后所有患者均治愈,4例并发胆漏,...     

肝内外胆管结石患者术后病变胆管的影像学转归

目的：通过观察肝内外胆管结石患者治疗前后受累胆管的影像学变化评估治疗效果。方法：收集2006—2009年间符合条件的62例肝内外胆管结石患者的临床资料并进行随访,复查MRI+磁共振胰胆管造影（MRCP）。根据手术方式分成A组（胆总管切开取石+T管引流+肝部分切除术,8例）,B组（胆总管切开取石+T管引流+肝部分切除术+术后经T管窦道胆道镜取石术,16例）,C组（胆总管切开取石+T管引流+术后经T管窦道胆道镜取石术,38例）。观察各组的影像学转归情况;将各特征因素进行分级赋值,累计每组手术前后的评分分值,判断疗效。结果：全组手术前后肝内胆管扩张率、肝外胆管扩张率、肝内胆管狭窄率分别为98.4% vs. 79.0%,90.3% vs. 67.7%,40.3% vs. 29.0%;术后结石复发率为9.7%。3组术后的胆总管最大径均较术前明显减小（均P<0.05）,A组手术前后肝内胆管最大径差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,而B,C组均明显小于术前（均P<0.05）。3组术后评分均明显低于术前（均P<0.05）,而3组间两两比较结果显示,B组手术前后评分差值大于C组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：经手术及胆道镜取石后,受累肝内外胆管大多未能恢复至正常状态。肝部分切除是对肝内胆管结石治疗的理想术式。     

腹腔镜指导下纤维胆道镜胆总管探查术的临床应用

目的讨腹腔镜指导下纤维胆道镜胆总管探查术可行性及应用价值。方法对具有胆道探查指征的患者,施行腹腔镜下胆总管切开,经此切开处置入胆道镜进行检查和治疗。探查完成后,放置T管或I期缝合胆总管。结果全组施行此术式152例,发现肝外胆管结石141例,术中结石取净率为100%;探查阴性11例。胆道镜检查和/或协助取石时间为8～35 min,平均15 min。152例微创手术均成功,无1例中转开腹,腹腔镜下胆总管Ⅰ期缝合42例,放置T管引流110例,术后3～4周拔T管,无1例结石残留;并发胆瘘2例,未发现有胆道狭窄及残石病例。术后住院时间4～7 d,平均为5 d。152例均获随访,随访时间为1～17个月,平均为8个月。经B超或MRCP证实,未发现有胆道狭窄及残石者。结论腹腔镜指导下纤维胆道镜胆总管探查术是安全、有效的方法,微创效果明显,如能在取净结石的情况下行胆总管一期缝合,微创效果尤为明显。     

TECHNIQUE AND RESULTS OF LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLEDOCHOTOMY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF BILE DUCT CALCULI

Laparoscopic choledochotomy has been performed in 50 patients to remove common bile duct calculi demonstrated on routine operative cholangiography at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The patients ranged from 16 to 91 years old. One patient died, giving a mortality of 2%. At postoperative T-tube cholangiography, retained stones were demonstrated in three patients (6%) with all stones being removed using a choledochoscope via the T-tube track. Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration via a choledochotomy is a feasible and effective method to manage common bile duct calculi demonstrated during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.     

高龄患者腹腔镜胆总管探查T管引流术临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆总管探查T管引流术的围手术期处理措施及临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2007年1月至2012年6月为108例高龄患者行腹腔镜胆总管探查T管引流术的临床资料。结果:107例顺利完成腹腔镜手术,1例中转开腹,无一例死亡。手术时间45～123 min,平均(52±21)min;术中出血量40～110 ml,平均(58±23)ml。术后胆道残石1例,无胆漏、出血、胆道感染等严重并发症发生。住院5～10 d,平均(6.4±1.5)d。随访6～48个月,无胆道相关并发症发生。结论:掌握一定的手术技巧,积极围手术期处理,腹腔镜胆总管探查T管引流术对高龄患者是安全、可行的。     

逆行经肝胆道引流在胆管结石手术中的应用

目的：探索可代替T管引流的手术方法。方法：对49例肝内外胆管结现人术中实施逆行经肝胆道引流术。其中37例逆行穿刺经右肝置管外引流;12例从肝胆管残端置管逆地引流。总胆管切口原位缝合关闭。结果：逆行穿刺引流术术后并发气胸及引流管出血各1例（5．4％）,术后平均第8天拔管。逆行经肝胆管残端置管引流乾术后残余结石4例,均经引流窦道取净。保留胆囊19例,术后造影,胆囊显影良好。术后随访6月－9年,B超检查无胆管狭窄及复发结石,保留的胆囊未形成结石。结果：逆行穿刺经肝胆道引流术后带管时间短,逆行经肝管残端引流对术后残余结石的处理较方便。两种引流术式对肝外胆管及保留的胆囊无不良影响。     

腹腔镜胆总管切开取石T管引流术

目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管切开取石T管引流术治疗胆总管结石的可行性。方法60例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）、胆总管切开取石T管引流术。结果60例手术均获成功,无中转开腹手术。手术时间90～180min,平均110min;术中出血量10～50ml,平均20ml。2例术后胆漏,保守治愈;6例胆道残余结石术后胆道镜取净。53例（随访率88．3％）随访2～33个月,平均13．2月,均无腹痛,发热,黄疸发作。结论LC、胆总管探查术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石技术可行。     

Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration

Background: Herein I describe my >12-year experience with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE). Methods: From 21 September 1989 through 31 December 2001, 3,580 patients presented with symptomatic biliary tract disease. Laparoscopic cholecystecomy (LC) was attempted in 3,544 of them (99.1%) and completed in 3,527 (99.5%). Laparoscopic cholangiograms (IOC) were performed in 3,417 patients (96.4%); in 344 cases (9.7%), the IOC was abnormal. Forty-nine patients (1.4%) underwent preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and 33 patients (0.9%) underwent postoperative ERCP. LCBDE was attempted in 326 cases and completed in 321 (98.5%). It was successful in clearing the duct in 317 of the 344 patients with abnormal cholangiograms (92.2%). Results: The mean operating time for all patients undergoing LC with or without cholangiograms or LCBDE or other additional surgery was 56.9 min. Mean length of stay was 22.1 h. The mean operating time for LC only patients (n = 2530)—that is, those not undergoing LCBDE or any other additional procedure—was 47.6 min; their mean postoperative length of stay was 17.2 h. Ductal exploration was performed via the cystic duct in 269 patients, (82.5%) and through a choledochotomy in 57 patients (17.5%). T-tubes were used in patients in whom there was concern for possible retained debris or stones, distal spasm, pancreatitis, or general poor tissue quality secondary to malnutrition or infection. In cases where choledochotomy was used, a T-tube was placed in 38 patients (67%), and primary closure without a T-tube was done in 19 (33%). There were no complications in the group of patients who underwent choledochotomy and primary ductal closure without T-tube placement or in the group in whom T-tubes were placed. Conclusions: Common bile duct (CBD) stones still occur in 10% of patients. These stones are identified by IOC. IOC can be performed in >96.4% of cases of LC. LCBDE was successful in clearing these stones in 97.2% of patients in whom it was attempted and in 92.2% of all patients with normal IOCs. Most LCBDEs in this series were performed via the cystic duct because of the stone characteristics and ductal anatomy. Selective laparoscopic placement of T-tubes in patients requiring choledochotomy (67%) appears to be a safe and effective alternative to routine T-tube drainage of the ductal system. ERCP, which was required for 5.8% of patients with abnormal cholangiograms, and open CBDE, which was used in 2.0%, still play an important role in the management of common bile duct pathology. The role of ERCP, with or without sphincterotomy, has returned to its status in the prelaparoscopic era. LCBDE may be employed successfully in the vast majority of patients harboring CBD stones.     

EST联合LC治疗胆囊结石胆总管结石

目的：探讨EST联合LC联合治疗胆囊、胆总管结石的可行性及优越性。方法：先行EST（经内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术）取出胆总管结石,再行LC（腹腔镜胆囊切除术）,EST失败或不宜行EST者置ENBD（鼻胆管）再行LC+腹腔镜下胆道探查、胆道镜取石,或开腹行胆道探查术。结果：全组99例,91例LC术前EST取石成功,3例LC术后EST取石成功,3例EST取石失败。2例年龄小于15岁者未行EST改行LC+腹腔镜下经胆囊管胆道镜胆道探查取石。3例EST取石失败,改行腹腔镜下胆道探查胆道镜取石、胆总管一期缝合或T管引流+LC,或开腹胆道探查一期缝合胆总管未置T管（已置ENBD）。无严重并发症,患者均治愈出院。结论：EST联合LC联合治疗胆囊结石胆总管结石是安全、可靠的方法,软硬镜联合充分体现了“微创”治疗的优势。     

腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术T管处理的探讨

目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术后T管的处理方法。方法1997年7月-2004年10月，我院行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石（laparoscopic common bile duct exploration，LCBDE）、置T管治疗肝外或肝外合并肝内胆管结石420例。明确有胆总管结石后，胆总管切开取石，胆总管一期缝合或置T管。结果胆总管切开取石一期缝合27例（6．4％），置T管393例（93．6％）。术中取尽结石236例（56．2％），术后胆道镜取石184例（43．8％）。209例术后3-4周行经T管胆道造影，无残余结石，拔除T型管。420例随访3个月-6年。平均47．5月，3例复发。结论腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术后T管拔管时间，T管造影无残留结石拔管时间应3—4周，T管造影有残留结石，应于术后6周胆道镜取石后拔管，均闭管2周。     

Experience with the Flexible Fiberoptic Choledochoscope

Despite significant effort on the part of surgeons, the incidence of retained calculi after common duct exploration still remains unacceptably high. It seems likely that the best way to reduce the incidence of retained calculi would be a more complete exploration of the common duct at the time of the initial operation. We report our experience with a flexible fiber optic endoscope used intraoperatively in 52 patients and postoperatively in one case to visualize the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. In addition to visualization of stones, the choledochoscope has a channel through which various instruments can be passed to facilitate stone removal. Flexible choledochoscopy has been performed 53 times in 52 patients between July 1978 and November 1980. In one patient, the choledochoscope was used to explore the bile ducts via the T-tube tract after operation. In 52 patients, the scope was used intraoperatively: a) two patients demonstrated bile duct tumors, b) in 14, stones were not found on exploration. Of these, one had stenosis at the papilla of Vater and one had external compression of the duct by a pancreatic pseudocyst. All of these findings were confirmed by choledochoscopy, c) in 26 patients choledochoscopy confirmed complete surgical removal of all stones, d) in six patients, multiple stones were removed using routine common duct exploration but additional stones were seen with the choledochoscope, e) in three patients no stones were retrieved on routine duct exploration but were seen using the choledochoscope. In groups (d) and (e) the scope facilitated removal of the remaining stones. In eight cases stones were either grasped or crushed using the accessories of the choledochoscope. In one patient calculi were missed both by routine surgical exploration and choledochoscopy. No septic complications were seen in any of these patients.     

腹腔镜胆囊管结石及胆囊管残株结石的处理体会

目的:总结胆囊管结石的术前诊断及腹腔镜胆囊切除(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)、胆总管探查术的处理措施与技巧,并探讨LC术后早期胆囊管残留结石行腹腔镜胆囊管残株切除术的手术方式、技巧与注意事项。方法:回顾分析27例LC、2例腹腔镜胆总管探查术、2例LC术后早期腹腔镜胆囊管残株切除术的临床资料。结果:31例均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹。LC术中1例肝总管针孔样损伤,用4-0可吸收线缝合修补一针,术后无胆漏发生。结论:胆囊管结石较常见,术前、术中容易漏诊,对于术后早期发生的胆囊管残留结石可行腹腔镜胆囊管残株切除。     

腹腔镜下经腹顺行引导法逐级导管乳头扩张术253例

目的探讨在腹腔镜胆总管探查术中采用经腹顺行引导法逐级扩张导管乳头扩张术(LPCD)治疗胆囊结石、胆总管结石、或合并十二指肠乳头部梗阻的应用体会。 方法回顾性分析1998年10月至2017年5月期间,符合入选标准的253例患者的临床资料。 结果腹腔镜下成功切除胆囊253例;胆管镜取石、逐级导管扩张乳头并行一期缝合术88.1% (223/253),因胆总管残石或狭窄留置T形管6.3% (16/253);中转为术中内镜乳头切开术和鼻胆管引流术3.2% (8/253);中转为开腹胆总管探查取石T管引流术1.2% (3/253),放弃胆总管探查取石术1.2% (3/253)。一期缝合术后残石1例(0.4%),放弃胆总管探查取石3例(1.2%),胆汁漏17例(6.7%),轻症胰腺炎5例(2.0%)。无肠穿孔、胆管穿孔、大出血、重症胰腺炎等并发症,无围手术期再手术和死亡。术后总并发症发生率为10.3%(26/253)。 结论从本研究对有限病例进行初步研究发现,只要病例选择合适,在腹腔镜胆总管探查术中采用LPCD治疗胆囊结石、胆总管结石、或合并十二指肠乳头部梗阻是可行、有效和安全的。     

Management of gallbladder and common bile duct stones: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy versus open surgery

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) combined with preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) is becoming more widely employed as a therapeutic option for the management of gallbladder stones (GBS) and common bile duct stones (CBDS). To compare the results of LC plus preoperative EST with the results of open surgery, in terms of morbidity, mortality, hospital stay, length of operation, and hospital cost, we reviewed the charts of 105 patients who had concomitant GBS and CBDS: in 34, preoperative EST had been attempted, and 71 had undergone open surgery. Twenty-six of the 71 patients who had undergone open cholecystectomy, common bile duct exploration, and T-tube placement were selected for comparison as a T-tube group, since they had exhibited no condition that contraindicated LC. EST was unsuccessful in 6 of the 34 patients in whom it was attempted, and all 6 underwent open surgery. Successful EST and duct clearance were achieved in 28 patients (82.4%); 4 of them had serious medical problems and were followed without operation, 7 underwent open cholecystectomy, and the remaining 17 underwent LC (LC-after-EST group). Total hospital stay was longest in the 6 patients who underwent open surgery because of unsuccessful EST, and their total hospital cost was significantly higher than that of the patients in the LC-after-EST group. Operation time, rate of early postoperative complications, and hospital stay were significantly lower in the LC-after-EST group than in the T-tube groups, although total hospital cost was not different. The combination of preoperative EST and LC is a safe and effective option for the management of GBS and CBDS. However, when EST is unsuccessful and the patient is switched to open surgery, the hospital stay is much longer and more costly than when EST and LC are successful. The patient should be informed of the disadvantages if EST should fail.     

Nontraumatic perforation of the bile duct treated with laparoscopic surgery

Nontraumatic perforation of the bile duct (NPB), which has also been reported as spontaneous perforation of the bile duct, is a disease in which spontaneous perforation occurs in the wall of the extrahepatic or intrahepatic duct without any traumatic or iatrogenic injury. Although NPB in adults is extremely rare, we have treated two such patients using a laparoscopic technique. Both cases presented with intra-abdominal abscesses associated with common bile duct stones, and laparoscopic surgery for those conditions was initially performed. During the procedure, NPB was identified in the right intrahepatic duct in one case and in the left intrahepatic duct in the other case. Laparoscopic surgery consisting of common bile duct exploration, T-tube placement, cholecystectomy, and abscess drainage was safely performed in both cases. Both patients eventually recovered without major complications. Although NBP is an uncommon disease, it can be treated successfully with a laparoscopic procedure.     

多镜联合治疗肝内外胆管结石

目的 探讨腹腔镜、十二指肠镜和胆道镜多镜联合在肝内外胆管结石治疗中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2007年4月至2010年8月吉林大学白求恩第一医院收治的316例肝内外胆管结石患者的临床资料.其中胆囊结石合并胆总管结石269例,胆囊结石合并胆总管结石伴肝内胆管结石10例,胆总管结石37例.对于胆总管直径≥10 mm或伴肝内胆管结石的患者行LC+腹腔镜胆总管探查(LCBDE)+胆道镜取石术;对于胆总管直径>5 mm且<10 mm、胆囊管直径<5 mm的患者行EST+LC或LC+EST;对于胆总管直径≤5 mm、胆囊管直径≥5 mm的患者行LC+经胆囊管途径胆总管探查+胆道镜取石术.结果 本组306例患者成功取石,取石成功率为96.8%(306/316).163例行LC+LCBDE+T管引流+胆道镜取石术,平均手术时间为93.6 min,平均住院时间为9.8 d,平均住院费用为2.8万元,5例患者术后出现并发症.54例患者行EST+LC,平均手术时间为45.0 min,平均住院时间为6.6 d,平均住院费用为2.3万元,1例患者术后出现并发症.67例患者行LC+EST,平均手术时间为40.0 min,平均住院时间为6.1 d,平均住院费用为2.4万元,2例患者术后出现并发症.32例患者行胆总管一期缝合及LC+经胆囊管途径胆总管探查+胆道镜取石术.平均手术时间为97.3 min,平均住院时间为7.3 d,平均住院费用2.5万元,1例患者术后出现并发症.272例患者术后平均随访12个月,6例患者术后胆总管结石复发,其余患者未发现残留结石及胆管狭窄.结论 腹腔镜、十二指肠镜和胆道镜三镜联合治疗肝内外胆管结石具有创伤小、恢复快及并发症少的优点.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the application of laparoscope,duodenoscope and choledochoscope in the treatment of intra-and extrahepatic bile duct stone.Methods The clinical data of 3 16 patients with intraand extrahepatic bile duct stone who were admitted to the Bethune First Hospital from April 2007 to August 2010were retrospectively analyzed.There were 269 patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis,10 patients with cholesystolithiasis,choledocholithiasis and hepatolithiagis,and 37 patients with choledocholithiasis.Laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)+laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE)+choledochoscopy was applied to patients with hepatolithiasis or with the diameter of common bile duct≥10 mm;endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST)+LC or LC+EST was applied to patients with the diameter of common bile duct between 10 mm and 5 mm and the diameter of cystic duct<5 mm;LC+laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration(TC-CBDE)+choledochoscopy wag applied to patients with the diameter of common bile duct≤5 mm and the diameter of cystic duct≥5 mm.Results The success rate of operation was 96.8%(306/316).A total of 163 patients received LC +LCBDE+T-tube drainage+choledochoscopy,and the mean operation time,expense,duration of hospital stay were 93.6 minutes,2.8×104 yuan and 9.8 days,respectively,and 5 patients had complications postoperatively.Fifty-four patients received EST+LC,and the mean operation time,expense,duration of hospital stay were 45.0minutes,6.6 days,2.3×104yuan,respectively,and 1 patient had complication postoperatively.Sixty-seven patients received LC+EST,and the mean operation time,expense and duration of hospital stay were 40.0minutes,6.1 days,2.4×104 yuan,respectively,and 2 patients had complication postoperatively.Thirty-two patients received one-stage repair of common bile duct and LC+TC-CBDE+choledochoscopy,and the mean operation time,expense and duration of hospital stay were 97.3 minutes,7.3 days and 2.5×104yuan,respectively,and 1 patient had complication postoperatively.A total of 272 patients were followed up for 12 months,except for 6 patients with recurrence of common bile duct stone,no residual stone or biliary stricture was etected.Conclusion Combined application of laparoscope,duodenoscope and choledochoscope has advantages of less trauma,quick ecovery and fewer complications in the treatment of intra-and extrahepatic bile duct stone.     

腹腔镜规则性左半肝切除联合胆道镜取石治疗肝内外胆管结石

目的：探讨腹腔镜下规则性左半肝切除联合胆道镜取石治疗肝左叶肝内胆管结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效。 方法：回顾性分析2010年3月—2013年9月间收治的12例肝内外胆管结石患者的临床资料。患者术前均明确诊断为左肝内广泛胆管结石合并胆总管结石,均行腹腔镜规则性左半肝切除联合胆总管切开胆道镜取石术。 结果：所有手术均顺利完成,无中转开腹。手术用时（182.6±36.3）min,术中出血（213.5±65.5）mL,术后肛门排气时间（38.5±8.2）h,术后平均住院时间（10.3±3.1）d。术后发生肝断面出血1例,胆瘘1例,均通过保守治疗痊愈。随访时间3个月至3年,平均23个月,未发现胆道结石残留或再生。 结论：对于肝左叶广泛肝内胆管结石合并胆总管结石的患者,腹腔镜规则性左半肝切除联合胆道镜行胆总管切开取石术是安全有效的手术方式。

     

腹腔镜胆总管探查术242例临床分析

目的为了探讨腹腔镜下胆总管探查术的临床应用效果。方法回顾性分析我院2007年6月~2016年6月242例腹腔镜下胆总管探查术的临床资料。术中行胆总管探查T管引流术170例,胆总管切开探查一期缝合42例,经胆囊管探查胆总管取石30例。结果本组242例患者中,手术时间70~260min,平均130min,术中失血30~460ml,平均150 ml。胆漏30例,28例经腹腔引流管引流4~7天治愈,2例形成腹腔局部积液经B超定位穿刺引流而治愈。肺部感染6例,胸腔积液4例,切口感染2例。20例术后行T管造影检查证实为胆管残余结石,经胆道镜1~4次取石后取净;2例患者胆道镜无法取出残余结石,经ERCP取出残余结石。术后第1d所有患者可下床活动,平均输液时间4~8d。结论腹腔镜下胆总管探查术是相对微创安全的手术,应根据患者具体情况采取个体化的术式。