降钙素基因相关肽对脂多糖诱导血管平滑肌细胞TLR4/NK-资B及炎症因子表达的影响

目的探讨降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs）TLR4/NK-kB 及炎症因子表达的影响。方法贴壁法培养VSMCs,根据不同的处理方案,分为对照组、LPS 处理组、CGRP组、（LPS+CGRP）组及（LPS+CGRP+C8-37）组;ELISA 检测不同组VSMCs 中白介素1β（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α ）和基因表达水平,免疫印迹法（Western blot）检测不同组VSMCs 中Toll 样受体4（TLR4）、I资Ba及p65蛋白表达水平。结果①LPS处理VSMCs后,随着LPS浓度的升高,IL-1β和TNF-α表达水平成梯度增加,并于1 000 ng/ml 时分泌水平最高（p <0.05）,在8 h时达到峰值（ p<0.05）;②CGRP 剂量依赖性降低LPS 诱导IL-1β和TNF-α的表达（p <0.05）,并于100 nmol/L 时达到低峰点（p <0.05）;③CGRP能抑制LPS 诱导的细胞TLR4 蛋白的积累（p <0.05）,抑制IkBa 与p65 蛋白的磷酸化水平（p <0.05）;④CGRP阻断剂C8-37可以逆转CGRP对LPS刺激的VSMCs中IL-1β和TNF-α表达（p <0.05）,拮抗CGRP对TLR4和NK-kB 的抑制（p <0.05）。结论CGRP 通过抑制TLR4 蛋白的积累,阻断NF-κB 信号蛋白IkBa 与p65的磷酸化,进而削弱LPS 诱导的细胞炎症因子IL-1β和TNF-α的激活,抑制LPS 诱导的VSMCs 炎症的激活。     

三七皂苷FC通过MAPK/NF-κB途径抑制RAW264.7细胞炎症及凋亡的机制研究

目的:基于丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)/核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)途径探讨三七皂苷FC对RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症及凋亡的作用机制。方法:(1)采用不同浓度的三七皂苷FC(0、1、10、20、50、100μmol/L)分别干预RAW264.7细胞和脂多糖(LPS)诱导的RAW264.7细胞,CCK8法检测细胞活力,筛选合适的药物浓度。(2)将RAW264.7细胞分为对照组、LPS组、LPS+三七皂苷FC低剂量(20μmol/L)组和LPS+三七皂苷FC高剂量(50μmol/L)组。先给予相应剂量的三七皂苷FC预处理6 h,再加入1μg/ml LPS。干预24 h后,PCR检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)mRNA表达;Western blot检测TNF-α、iNOS、p38MAPK、磷酸化p38MAPK(p-p38MAPK)、NF-κB p65、磷酸化NF-κB p65(p-NF-κB p65)蛋白表达;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;免疫荧光检测NF-κB核转位;Transwell实验检测细胞迁移。结果:(1)20、50μmol/L三七皂苷FC干预24 h后,LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞活力较对照组无显著差异(P0.05),用于后续实验。(2)与LPS组相比,低、高剂量的三七皂苷FC作用后,TNF-α、IL-6、iNOS、IL-1β的mRNA表达显著降低(P0.05,P0.01);TNF-α、iNOS蛋白表达明显降低(P0.05),p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65和p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK蛋白表达比值显著下调(P0.05,P0.01);细胞凋亡率显著降低(P0.05,P0.01);细胞核内NF-κB p65蛋白表达减少,阳性表达细胞数占比显著降低(P0.05);细胞迁移数显著减少(P0.01)。结论:三七皂苷FC能够显著改善LPS诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症反应,减少炎症因子的释放,抑制巨噬细胞凋亡和迁移,其作用机制可能与下调MAPK/NF-κB通路磷酸化水平及抑制NF-κB核转位有关。     

MyD88抑制肽对LPS诱导BV2小胶质细胞极化状态的抑制作用及其机制

目的：观察髓样分化因子88（MyD88）抑制肽（MIP）对脂多糖（LPS）激活BV2小胶质细胞极化的影响,阐明其作用机制。方法：将对数生长期的BV2小胶质细胞分为对照组（不进行处理）、LPS组（给予1 mg·L^-1 LPS处理）和不同剂量MIP+LPS组（分别给予25、50和100μmol·L^-1 MIP预处理1 h后,再加入1 mg·L^-1 LPS）。采用MTT法检测各组细胞存活率,实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）法检测各组BV2小胶质细胞中白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素4（IL-4）、白细胞介素10（IL-10）和白细胞介素18（IL-18）mRNA表达水平,Western blotting法检测各组BV小胶质细胞中诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）和精氨酸酶1（Arg-1）蛋白表达水平。结果：LPS组BV2小胶质细胞体积变大,突起增多,呈阿米巴状;不同剂量MIP+LPS组小胶质BV2细胞活化率较LPS组明显减少（P<0.05或P<0.01）。MTT法检测,与对照组比较,LPS组细胞存活率明显降低（P<0.01）;与LPS组比较,不同剂量MIP+LPS组BV2小胶质细胞存活率明显提高（P<0.05或P<0.01）。RT-qPCR法和Western blotting法检测,与LPS组比较,不同剂量MIP+LPS组BV2小胶质细胞中IL-1β和IL-18 mRNA表达水平及iNOS蛋白表达水平均明显降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）,而IL-4和IL-10 mRNA表达水平及Arg-1蛋白表达水平明显升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）,且呈剂量依赖性。结论：MIP能够抑制活化的BV2小胶质细胞向M1型极化,促进其向M2型转化,抑制炎症的过度激活。     

刺槐素对鞭毛蛋白诱导的小鼠骨髓巨噬细胞NLRC4炎症小体活化的影响

目的：研究刺槐素（Acacetin）对鞭毛蛋白诱导的小鼠骨髓巨噬细胞Nod样受体家族蛋白4(the nod-like receptor family card domaincontaining protein 4,NLRC4)活化的影响。方法：将小鼠骨髓巨噬细胞分为对照组、脂多糖（LPS）组、LPS+鞭毛蛋白组及LPS+Acacetin+鞭毛蛋白组,对照组加入完全培养基,LPS组用LPS(50 ng/mL)预处理3 h,LPS+鞭毛蛋白组用LPS(50 ng/mL)预处理3 h后加入鞭毛蛋白（10μmol/L）刺激0.5 h;LPS+刺槐素+鞭毛蛋白组用LPS(50 ng/mL)预处理3 h后再加入Acacetin(10μmol/L)处理0.5 h,最后加入鞭毛蛋白（10μmol/L）刺激0.5 h;采用WB检测细胞裂解液Pro-caspase-1和Pro-IL-1β的表达,上清液中caspase-1和IL-1β的蛋白表达;ELISA法检测上清液中IL-1β、IL-18和TNF-α的含量,LDH检测试剂盒检测细胞上清液中LDH的活性。结果：与对照组相比,LPS+鞭毛蛋白组细胞上清液中c...     

美满霉素抑制脂多糖诱导的小胶质细胞诱导型一氧化氮合酶的表达及其相关机制

目的:探讨美满霉素(minocycline,MC)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的小胶质细胞一氧化氮(NO)生成和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达的影响及其相关分子机制?方法:LPS或联合MC刺激BV-2细胞,酶联免疫法检测培养上清中NO水平,免疫细胞化学观察iNOS的蛋白含量,RT-PCR技术评价iNOS的mRNA表达,免疫印迹研究p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)的蛋白水平和磷酸化变化?结果:LPS(100 ng/ml)组NO含量显著升高(P < 0.05),且伴随iNOS蛋白和mRNA水平的明显上调,与对照组相比有显著性差异(P < 0.01)?MC(10 μmol/L)预处理(MC+LPS组)能明显抑制上述变化,NO含量?iNOS蛋白和mRNA水平较LPS组均显著下调(P均 < 0.01),但明显高于对照组(P均 < 0.05)?LPS也能诱导p38MAPK磷酸化,与对照组相比差异显著(P < 0.01),而MC预处理(MC+LPS组)能拮抗p38MAPK的磷酸化,较LPS组显著下调(P < 0.01),同时实验各组p38MAPK蛋白水平保持基本一致?结论:美满霉素能通过下调p38MAPK信号途径,抑制脂多糖刺激的小胶质细胞iNOS基因表达及NO生成,对脂多糖诱导的小胶细胞损伤有明显保护作用?     

异丙酚对谷氨酸体外激活脊髓背角星形胶质细胞及相关炎性细胞因子的影响

目的观察不同浓度异丙酚对谷氨酸体外激活大鼠脊髓背角星形胶质细胞及促炎性细胞因子（TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6）和抗炎性细胞因子IL-10变化的影响。方法取新生2~3d Wistar大鼠T11~L6脊髓背角星形胶质细胞原代纯化培养3周。将细胞随机分为7组：正常对照组（C组）加入Hanks液;乳剂对照组（L组）加入乳剂0.2ml/L;谷氨酸组（G组）加入谷氨酸至终浓度100μmol/L;异丙酚组（P组）加入异丙酚至终浓度250μmol/L;GP1、GP2、GP3组先加入谷氨酸至终浓度100μmol/L,10min后分别加入异丙酚至终浓度5、25、250μmol/L。加药后培养24h取各组培养孔上清液检测IL-1β、TNF-αI、L-6和IL-10含量,用神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）标记星形胶质细胞（免疫细胞化学法）,多媒体彩色病理图像分析系统检测阳性细胞面密度（AD）和平均光密度（AOD）。结果与C组比较,G组和GP1组细胞被激活增生肥大,AD和AOD均升高（P〈0.01）,其上清液中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α含量上升（P〈0.01）,G组IL-10浓度无明显变化（P〉0.05）,GP1组IL-10浓度升高（分别与C组和G组比较P〈0.05）。与G组比较,GP2组和GP3组细胞激活被抑制,AD、AODI、L-1βI、L-6和TNF-α含量均低（其中GP2组P〈0.05,GP3组P〈0.01）,而IL-10含量均上调（P〈0.01）。结论异丙酚可抑制谷氨酸对体外培养的大鼠脊髓背角星形胶质细胞的激活作用,同时抑制星形胶质细胞分泌IL-1βI、L-6和TNF-α,增强IL-10的合成释放,其作用程度与剂量有关。     

miR-33s通过靶向p38 MAPK负性调节LPS诱导的炎症反应

目的探讨miR-33s是否能够通过靶向p38 MAPK负性调节LPS诱导的炎症反应。方法体外培养人单核细胞株THP-1,分别将miR-33s的拟似物(mimic,25 nmol/L)和miR-33s的抑制剂(inhibitor,25 nmol/L)转染至THP-1细胞24 h。用浓度10.0 ng/m L的LPS诱导转染后的THP-1细胞24 h,分别采用Realtime RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测细胞miR-33s及p38MAPK蛋白表达,ELISA法检测THP-1细胞培养上清液中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)的分泌量。结果 miR-33s mimic转染组p38 MAPK蛋白表达明显减少(P0.05),IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6含量显著降低(P0.05)。miR-33s inhibitor转染组p38MAPK蛋白表达明显增加(P0.05),IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6含量显著上升(P0.05)。结论 LPS能诱导THP-1细胞释放IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6;miR-33s mimic抑制炎性细胞因子的分泌。miR-33s inhibitor促进促炎性细胞因子的分泌;miR-33s可能通过靶向结合p38 MAPK的3'末端非编码区来发挥它的负性调节炎症作用。     

丙泊酚对LPS激活人体中性粒细胞释放炎性细胞因子的影响及机制研究

目的观察丙泊酚对LPS激活后人体中性粒细胞（PMN）释放炎性细胞因子的影响。方法 20例健康志愿者外周静脉采血,分离PMN后每例分为5份,分别加入等量生理盐水（C组,对照组）、LPS组（终浓度为100 ng/L）、LPS＋丙泊酚2μg/mL组（P1组）、LPS＋丙泊酚4μg/mL组（P2组）、LPS＋丙泊酚8μg/mL组（P3组）的5组。孵育12 h后,ELISA法检测培养液中TNF-α、IL-8含量,Western blotting法检测核内p65蛋白含量。结果实验剂量的丙泊酚均可不同程度抑制LPS激活后培养液中TNF-α、IL-8的增高（P〈0.05）;2~8μg/mL浓度的丙泊酚可以显著增加LPS导致的核内p65含量的增加（P〈0.05）;丙泊酚的这种效应具有剂量依赖性。结论 2~8μg/mL浓度的丙泊酚可通过抑制p65的激活,显著减少PMN释放炎性细胞因子。     

丙泊酚抑制内毒素血症中巨噬细胞发生焦亡的分子机制

目的 探讨丙泊酚抑制巨噬细胞发生焦亡的分子机制。方法 提取小鼠骨髓来源巨噬细胞,分为对照组、脂多糖（LPS）+三磷酸腺苷（ATP）刺激组以及丙泊酚+LPS+ATP组。对照组不给予任何处理;LPS+ATP组先给予脂多糖(LPS) 1 μg/mL刺激4 h,再加三磷酸腺苷（ATP）4 mmol/L刺激1 h;丙泊酚+LPS+ATP组先同时给予50 μmmol/L丙泊酚+LPS 1 μg/mL刺激4 h,再加ATP刺激1 h。处理完毕则收集细胞培养上清液和细胞。分别通过CCK8、流式分析检测细胞活力,酶联免疫吸附测定法法检测细胞上清炎症因子IL-1β、IL-18含量;用免疫印迹检测细胞caspase-1蛋白表达及细胞膜Toll样受体-4（TLR4）表达;流式分析及免疫组化荧光检测细胞焦亡情况。结果 LPS+ATP可导致小鼠骨髓来源巨噬细胞（BMDM）活力显著降低（P<0.05）;炎症因子IL-1β、IL-18升高（P<0.05）;活化的caspase-1蛋白增加,细胞膜表面TLR-4表达升高（P<0.05）;予丙泊酚处理后,可改善LPS+ATP诱导的上述指标变化。结论 LPS+ATP可诱导BMDM发生焦亡,丙泊酚有效抑制这种细胞死亡,提示丙泊酚麻醉有益于临床脓毒症患者的手术,有效调节患者免疫状态。     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯通过减弱HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3途径改善脓毒症后急性肝损伤

目的　探究表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）在脓毒症后急性肝损伤中的保护作用及潜在机制。方法　采用盲肠结扎穿刺术（CLP）建立脓毒症模型小鼠,以及使用脂多糖建立脓毒症后急性肝损伤细胞模型。8～10周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠88只随机分为CLP组、CLP+EGCG低剂量（4 mg/kg）组、CLP+EGCG高剂量（8 mg/kg）组和假手术组。正常肝细胞（L02细胞）根据干预方式不同分为脂多糖（LPS）（400 ng/mL）组、LPS（400 ng/mL）+高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）（100 ng/mL）组、LPS（400 ng/mL）+EGCG（100 μg/mL）组和对照组（PBS）组。术后24 h,采用全自动生化分析仪检测小鼠肝功能,镜下分析肝组织病理变化;ELISA法检测血清炎症因子;Western blot检测HMGB1、TOLL样受体4（TLR4）、NF-κB p65、NOD样受体蛋白3（NLRP3）、焦亡相关蛋白[消皮素D（GSDMD）、caspase 1、caspase 11、IL-1β、IL-18]的水平变化;采用免疫组织化学染色观察小鼠肝组织中HMGB1、GSDMD的表达及定位情况。L02细胞干预24 h后,采用ELISA法检测细胞上清液中炎症因子以及采用Western blot检测细胞中HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB p65、NLRP3及焦亡相关蛋白的水平变化。结果　动物实验（样本量n=6）表明：CLP组小鼠白细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、单核细胞计数均低于假手术组（P均<0.01）。与CLP组相比,CLP+EGCG低剂量、高剂量组小鼠血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、HMGB1、TNF-α、IL-6表达水平明显降低（P均<0.05）,且CLP+EGCG高剂量组较低剂量组降低更为明显（P均<0.05）;HE染色结果提示CLP+EGCG低剂量、高剂量组小鼠肝组织损伤明显减轻,且以高剂量组为甚;Western blot提示CLP+EGCG低剂量、高剂量组肝组织中HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB p65、 NLRP3、焦亡相关蛋白的表达水平明显下降（P均<0.05）,且以高剂量组降低更为明显（P均<0.05）;免疫组化提示CLP+EGCG低剂量、高剂量组中HMGB1和GSDMD的表达明显减少（P均<0.05）,且CLP+EGCG高剂量组降低更为明显（P均<0.05）。细胞实验（样本量n=8）表明：与LPS+HMGB1组相比,LPS组、LPS+EGCG组以及对照组的细胞上清液中HMGB1、TNF-α和IL-6的表达水平明显减少（P均<0.05）,且LPS+EGCG组较LPS组明显降低（P均<0.05）。Western blot结果提示LPS+HMGB1组中HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB p65、 NLRP3以及焦亡相关蛋白表达水平较其余三组明显升高（P均<0.05）,且LPS+EGCG组较LPS组明显降低（P均<0.05）。结论　EGCG对脓毒症后急性肝损伤有保护作用,其机制可能与通过减弱HMGB1/TLR 4/NF-κB P65/NLRP3途径降低肝细胞焦亡有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.