急诊床旁保护性临时心脏起搏40例观察

目的研究急诊床旁临时起搏电极导线经股静脉植入的安全性、可行性及疗效。方法选择2005年3月至2010年2月中国人民解放军第九二医院心内科ICU住院及急诊科就诊的严重心动过缓患者40例,男26例,女14例,平均36～79岁,平均(67±18.7)岁。全部患者均在非透视条件下急诊床旁经股静脉植入临时起搏电极导线。住院患者临时起搏器正常起搏后,摄床旁X线片观察起搏电极导线尖端位置。转运至上级医院者在透视下查看电极尖端位置。结果 40例患者行临时起搏均取得成功,成功率100%。植入临时起搏电极导线所花时间5～18min,平均(11.5±4.3)min。无一例出现静脉内血栓、心肌穿孔、术区感染及其他穿刺局部并发症。结论在非透视条件下临时起搏电极导线经股静脉临时心内膜起搏心脏,安全、便捷、可行、成功率高。适合于急诊床旁临时起搏,避免因患者病情危重,搬动造成生命危险,保护了永久起搏器入路及术区,为患者转运创造条件,挽救了患者生命。     

经颈内静脉放置心内膜临时起搏导线的临床经验

 目的  探讨心脏手术的患者经颈内静脉放置心内膜临时起搏导线的可行性。方法  回顾性分析2014年1月至2017年6月在复旦大学附属中山医院心外科行手术治疗的部分患者的临床资料。其中男56例,女62例;年龄37~89岁,平均(62.5±12.6)岁。行再次手术微创三尖瓣置换术56例,经心尖主动脉瓣置换术(transcatheter aortic valve replacement, TAVR)60例,术前Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞(atrioventricular block, AVB)2例。术前经颈内静脉放置6.0F鞘,经鞘放置心内膜临时起搏导线。临时起搏效果经尝试起搏法、超声心电图引导法或数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography, DSA)法确认。结果  经颈内静脉放置心内膜临时起搏导线成功率100%,无严重并发症发生,临时起搏导线到位良好,起搏及感知正常,术后传导阻滞发生率为13.56%,永久起搏器植入率为10.17%。结论  对于部分心脏外科手术患者,经颈内静脉放置心内膜临时起搏导线安全可行,可提高围术期的安全性。     

新型简化J型导丝设计引导低位房间隔起搏的可行性及安全性

［摘要］目的　评价低位房间隔起搏的可行性与安全性,并探讨一种简化的起搏导线定位方法．方法　选择符合起搏器植入适应证48例病态窦房结患者,随机分成2组,一组患者（n＝24例）采用经过简化塑型导丝引导主动固定起搏导线行低位房间隔定位起搏;另外一组患者（n＝24例）采用传统被动固定起搏导线行右心耳起搏．观察两组患者心房起搏导线植入时间,植入成功率,测试起搏器植入即刻、术后1周、1月及3月起搏相关参数;观察起搏器植入相关并发症（电极脱位,起搏器囊袋感染,积血及心包积液）．结果　LAS组心房起搏导线定位成功21例,3例失败,RAA组心房导线全部定位成功．LAS组平均心房起搏导线定位成功时间为6.3±0.8 min （3～15.5 min）,显著长于RAA组患者（3.5±0.5）min（1.2～8.3）min．术中即刻,术后1周、1月及3月的各项起搏参数均稳定,2组间未见显著差异．随访3月期间2组患者均为发生起搏器植入相关并发证．结论　双弯J行导丝的简化设计可协助低位房间隔主动固定起搏导线的成功定位,同时证实应用主动固定起搏导线实施低位房间隔是安全,可行的．     

成角角度法指导下的室间隔起搏导线植入的研究

目的通过成角角度法指导室间隔起搏导线的植入,以期进一步提高起搏导线植入到室间隔的成功率。方法选取病态窦房结综合征或II度、III度房室传导阻滞患者102例,按照笔者前期研究的成角角度法将起搏导线植入至右心室室间隔,术后行双源CT检查,验证起搏导线的精确位置并分析起搏后的心电图特征。结果102例患者植入起搏器后通过双源CT均清晰显示了心脏室间隔的解剖结构以及起搏导线位置。植入游离壁15例（14.7%）,植入室间隔87例,成功率为85.3%,明显高于前期的研究74%（字2=2.85,P＜0.05）。术后起搏心电图分析提示：游离壁起搏的QRS时间显著于高位间隔起搏的QRS时间（t=5.79,P＜0.05）,室间隔起搏心电图V4起始波均为向下的q波,游离壁起搏心电图V4的起始波向上。结论采用成角角度法来指导室间隔起搏导线植入的可靠性及实用性较强,可在常规植入技术上进一步提高起搏器导线植入到室间隔的比例,有临床推广价值。     

永久心脏起搏器发生起搏故障56例分析

目的：探讨永久心脏起搏器发生起搏故障原因。方法：自1977年起对303例患者行389例次永久心脏起膊器安置术，回顾性总结起搏故障发生与起搏器工艺水平、电子元件、电池质量、起搏电极质量及起搏电极脱位、穿孔等因素的关系。结果：共发生起搏故障56例，其中发生于起搏器电路故障2例，电池过早耗竭24例，起搏器导线断裂4例，起搏电极脱位17例，起搏电极心肌穿孔2例及起搏阈值升高7例。结论：起搏器及起搏电极工艺质量的改进提高是防止起搏故障的主要措施。     

床旁心脏临时起搏术在ICU的临床应用

目的探讨并总结床旁临时心脏起搏成功救治危重症患者心脏急症的经验。方法对340例伴发多种类型心律失常的患者在动态心电监测下采用床旁经锁骨下静脉穿刺法行心脏临时起搏器安置术。评估临床可操作性、适应症、起搏后疗效、术中及术后并发症及处理等。结果 318例次经床旁盲插导管成功,成功率93.5%。平均操作时间3~15 min。应用于心脏疾病及心脏疾病以外因素导致的心律失常的急救,导管置入都能成功起搏心脏。起搏器安置术中、起搏应用过程中发生室颤、心脏穿孔、血气胸、导管脱落以及感知起搏不良等相关并发症25例,占7.35%。结论床旁临时心脏起搏术在心脏急症的治疗中具有快捷、损伤小、灵活性高、疗效好以及并发症少等特点,为危重症患者的综合救治成功的基础。     

实时三维超声心动图指引下床旁心脏临时起搏器安装术23例临床分析

目的 探讨应用实时三维超声心动图指引下床旁心脏临时起搏器安装术起搏电极置入的实用价值.方法 经皮穿刺右侧颈内静脉,在实时三维超声心动图指引下进行静脉穿刺并将起搏电极推送到右室心尖部,进行心脏临时起搏.结果 23例患者均能准确定位于右室心尖部,成功起搏,起搏过程中无电极脱位起搏不良等并发症.结论 实时三维超声心动图指引下床旁心脏临时起搏器安装术具有安全有效的特点,在抢救严重心动过缓、心搏停止时可作为一项常规急救措施应用.     

心脏外科术后心外膜临时起搏器的应用与护理

目的探讨心脏外科术后心外膜临时起搏器的护理方法。方法 25例患者使用临时起搏器,男性15例,女性10例。其中风湿性心脏病15例,先天性心脏病9例,冠心病1例。全部病例均在体外循环下行心内直视术,手术在关闭心包前将2根临时起搏器导线缝与右心室心外膜,导线经心包在剑突下切口引出与体外临时起搏器连接。应用R波抑制型（按需型）临时起搏器,根据需要设置起搏频率、起搏阈值和灵敏度。结果全组25例患者,21例术后康复出院,2例Ⅲ度AVB安装永久性起搏器,2例术后因低心排等原因死亡。结论临时起搏器是心脏外科术中各种原因引起Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞（AVB）及其它药物那难以纠治的心律紊乱的一种有效补救方法     

心脏外科术后心外膜临时起搏器的应用与护理

目的探讨心脏外科术后心外膜临时起搏器的护理方法。方法 25例患者使用临时起搏器,男性15例,女性10例。其中风湿性心脏病15例,先天性心脏病9例,冠心病1例。全部病例均在体外循环下行心内直视术,手术在关闭心包前将2根临时起搏器导线缝与右心室心外膜,导线经心包在剑突下切口引出与体外临时起搏器连接。应用R波抑制型(按需型)临时起搏器,根据需要设置起搏频率、起搏阈值和灵敏度。结果全组25例患者,21例术后康复出院,2例Ⅲ度AVB安装永久性起搏器,2例术后因低心排等原因死亡。结论临时起搏器是心脏外科术中各种原因引起Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞(AVB)及其它药物那难以纠治的心律紊乱的一种有效补救方法。     

心脏外科术后体内残留起搏导线的预防及处理

目的 探讨心脏外科术后体内残留起搏导线引起的并发症和及处理及预防方法。方法 对13 例 心脏外科术后体内残留起搏导线并出现并发症的患者采取直视下直接夹取法和手术切开取出法。结果 9 例 患者采用直接夹取法取出残留起搏导线，4 例患者经手术切开取出体内残留起搏导线。拔除过程顺利，无出血 或胸痛等并发症。所有患者顺利康复，随诊1 个月～ 2 年，无其他并发症发生。结论 心脏外科术后体内残 留起搏导线可引起多种并发症，建议心脏外科手术患者出院时尽可能将临时起搏导线完整拔除。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.