尿微量白蛋白/ 尿肌酐比值预测体外循环心脏 手术后急性肾损伤及预后的价值分析

目的 探讨尿微量白蛋白/ 尿肌酐比值（uACR）预测体外循环心脏手术后发生急性肾损伤 （AKI）及短期治疗结局的临床价值。方法 选取2018 年2 月—2019 年5 月在上海市第一人民医院治疗的心 脏停跳条件下全身麻醉行体外循环心脏手术的82 例患者。根据术后7 d 内是否发生AKI,分为AKI 组30 例 和非AKI 组52 例。比较两组患者入重症监护病房（ICU）当日uACR、血清肌酐（Scr）、急性生理学与慢 性健康状况评估Ⅱ（APACHE Ⅱ）评分和估算的肾小球滤过率（eGFR）。受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线确 定uACR 预测AKI、重症AKI 及术后28 d 死亡的效能。多因素Cox 回归模型分析体外循环心脏手术患者 发生AKI 的危险因素。结果 AKI 组入ICU 时APACHE Ⅱ评分、Scr 及uACR 高于非AKI 组（P <0.05）, 而eGFR 值低于非AKI 组（P <0.05）。经多因素Cox 回归分析,年龄[Rl ^ R=1.078（95% CI ：1.002,1.315）]、 高血压[Rl ^ R=2.184（95% CI ：1.294,5.165）]、糖尿病[Rl ^ R=1.297（95% CI ：1.046,1.485）]、体外循环时 间[Rl ^ R=3.882（95% CI ：2.127,5.089）]、主动脉阻断时间[Rl ^ R=1.406（95% CI ：1.079,2.178）] 及入ICU 时uACR[Rl ^ R=1.914（95% CI ：1.453,3.162）] 是体外循环心脏手术患者术后发生AKI 的独立危险因素 （P <0.05）。经ROC 曲线分析,入ICU 时uACR 预测AKI、重症AKI、术后28 d 内死亡的ROC 曲线下的 面积分别为0.784（95% CI ：0.691,0.835）、0.550（95% CI ：0.507,0.615）及0.716（95% CI ：0.680,0.782）。 结论 uACR 在一定程度上可以反映肾脏早期损伤程度,有望成为体外循环心脏手术后发生AKI 的早期预警 和预后判断指标。     

早期生理盐水复苏后脓毒症患者血清氯水平 与急性肾损伤的关系

目的 探索脓毒症患者经生理盐水复苏72 h 后血清氯离子水平与急性肾损伤（AKI）的关系。 方法 选取2015 年1 月—2019 年5 月山西医科大学第一医院重症监护室收治并用生理盐水早期复苏的200 例 脓毒症或脓毒症休克患者,按照72 h 后的血清氯,分为高氯血症组（≥ 110 mmol/L）和非高氯血症组 （<110 mmol/L）,观察其初始血清氯离子浓度及肌酐、72 h 后最高血清氯离子浓度及肌酐、基础肌酐清除率 （Ccr）、初始急性生理功能和慢性健康状况评估Ⅱ（APACHE Ⅱ）评分、机械通气、肾替代治疗等指标,并 计算72 h 后血清氯离子变化值。结果 两组患者年龄、性别、机械通气、肾替代治疗、Ccr、APACHE Ⅱ 评分、72 h 后最高血清氯离子浓度及72 h 后血清氯离子浓度变化值比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。高 氯血症组AKI 发病率较非高氯血症组高（P <0.05）。单因素Logistic 回归分析显示,72 h 后最高血清氯离子 浓度与AKI 有关（P <0.05）。72 h 后血清氯离子浓度变化值≥ 1.5 mmol/L 和72 h 后血清氯离子浓度变化 值≥ 5.5 mmol/L 与AKI 也有关（P <0.05）。多因素Logistic 回归分析显示,APACHE Ⅱ评分[Ol ^ R=2.451 （95% CI：1.961,2.880）,P =0.000]、72 h 后最高血清氯离子浓度[Ol ^ R=2.023（95% CI：1.991,3.211）,P =0.010] 和72h 后血清氯离子浓度变化值[Ol ^ R=3.211（95% CI ：2.347,3.630）,P =0.006] 是AKI 发病的危险因素。 结论 脓毒症患者经生理盐水复苏72 h 后血清高氯离子与AKI 独立相关,且72 h 后血清氯离子浓度变化值、 APACHE Ⅱ评分也与AKI 有关。     

急性心力衰竭患者血清microRNA-1 水平 及与心功能和预后的关系

目的 探讨急性心力衰竭患者血清microRNA-1（miR-1）水平及其与心功能和预后的关系。 方法 选取2015 年1 月—2018 年12 月在台州市中心医院就诊的急性心力衰竭患者120 例作为心力衰竭组, 同期健康体检者120 例作为对照组。逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）测定血清miR-1 相对表达量;采用 彩色多普勒心脏超声诊断仪测定患者左心房内径（LAD）、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEd）,计算左心室射血分 数（LVEF）。结果 心力衰竭组血清miR-1 和LVEF 低于对照组（P <0.05）;而LAD、LVEd 高于对照组（P <0.05）。 不同严重程度分级的心力衰竭患者血清miR-1 比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,随着心力衰竭严重程度增 加,其血清miR-1 降低。预后不良组血清miR-1 低于预后良好组（P <0.05）。心力衰竭患者血清miR-1 与 LVEF 呈正相关（r =0.578,P <0.05）;与LAD、LVEd 呈负相关（r =-0.442 和-0.473,P <0.05）。心力衰竭患 者预后影响因素Logistic 回归分析结果显示,miR-1[Ol ^ R=4.152（95% CI ：1.846,5.384）]、LVEF[Ol ^ R=2.971 （95% CI ：1.764,4.037）]、LAD[Ol ^ R=0.706（95% CI ：0.415,0.923）] 及LVEd[Ol ^ R=0.721（95% CI ： 0.427,0.928）] 为心力衰竭预后的影响因素。结论 心力衰竭患者血清miR-1 水平降低,其与心功能和预后 关系密切,是心力衰竭不良预后的独立影响因素。     

急性Standford A 型主动脉夹层围手术期患者 发生低血氧症的危险因素及其预测价值

目的 探讨急性Stanford A 型主动脉夹层患者手术前后低氧血症的相关危险因素及其预测价值。 方法 选取2014 年9 月—2017 年10 月河南省胸科医院收治的急性Stanford A 型主动脉夹层患者128 例。根 据是否存在术前低氧血症将研究对象分为术前低氧血症组和术前非低氧血症组;根据是否存在术后低氧血 症将患者分为术后低氧血症组和术后非低氧血症组。采用回顾性分析的方法,收集患者一般资料及术前动脉 血氧饱和度、术后24 h 内氧合指数及血红蛋白浓度等临床资料。分析患者的临床资料与低氧血症的关系。 结果 术前低氧血症组和术前非低氧血症组患者术后24 h 内患者氧合指数、体重指数、慢性阻塞性肺疾病史 及术前超敏C 反应蛋白比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。术后低氧血症组和术后非低氧血症组患者慢性 阻塞性肺疾病史、术中输血总量、术中体外循环转流时间及术后24 h 内患者氧合指数比较,差异有统计学意 义（P <0.05）。多因素Logistic 回归分析显示,体重指数[Ol ^ R=1.306（95% CI ：1.038,1.643）,P =0.024]、慢 性阻塞性肺疾病史[Ol ^ R=1.278（95% CI ：1.024,1.594）,P =0.043] 及超敏C 反应蛋白[Ol ^ R=1.257（95% CI ： 1.116,1.417）,P =0.039] 是影响术前低氧血症的独立危险因素,术中输血总量[Ol ^ R=1.322（95% CI ：1.068, 1.637）,P =0.008]、术中体外循环转流时间[Ol ^ R=1.458（95% CI ：1.208,1.760）,P =0.029] 是影响术后低氧血 症的独立危险因素。结论 超敏C 反应蛋白对于术前低氧血症发生有预测价值,而术中输血量、术中体外循 环转流时间对于术后低氧血症的发生具有较好的预测价值。     

血清microRNA-122a、microRNA-124a 及 microRNA-125b 对脓毒症休克并发肝损伤 早期诊断及预后评估的临床价值

目的 探讨microRNA-122a（miR-122a）、microRNA-124a（miR-124a） 及microRNA- 125b（miR-125b）对脓毒症休克合并肝损伤的早期诊断及预后评估的临床价值。方法 选取2016 年 12 月—2019 年2 月沧州市中心医院急诊重症监护室收治的254 例脓毒症休克患者作为研究对象。将患者分为 肝损伤组和无肝损伤组。肝损伤组按肝损伤严重程度分为轻、中、重度肝损伤组。肝损伤组根据28 d 转归分 为存活组和死亡组。选取同期该院健康体检者40 例作为对照组。采用RT-PCR 测定血清miR-122a、miR- 124a 及miR-125b 的相对表达量,并绘制受试者工作特征曲线分析其对脓毒症休克合并肝损伤的早期诊断价 值。采用二元Logistic 回归法分析影响脓毒症休克合并肝损伤患者预后的危险因素。结果 肝损伤组急性生理 学和慢性健康状况评估Ⅱ（APACHE Ⅱ）评分、序贯器官衰竭估计（SOFA）评分、28 d 后的病死率及降钙 素原（PCT）高于无肝损伤组（P <0.05）,重度肝损伤组APACHE Ⅱ评分、SOFA 评分、28 d 后的病死率及 PCT 高于轻度、中度肝损伤组（P <0.05）,肝损伤组、无肝损伤组血清miR-122a、miR-124a 及miR-125b 相对表达量均高于对照组（P <0.05）,重度肝损伤组血清miR-122a、miR-124a 及miR-125b 相对表达量高于 轻、中度肝损伤组（P <0.05）,血清miR-122a、miR-124a 及miR-125b 诊断脓毒症休克合并肝损伤的AUC 分别为：0.796（95% CI ：0.728,0.854）、0.771（95%CI ：0.701,0.832）和0.784（95% CI ：0.715,0.840）,死 亡组治疗28 d 后APACHE Ⅱ评分、SOFA 评分、PCT、乳酸、肝损伤严重程度,血清miR-122a、miR-124a 及miR-125b 相对表达量高于存活组（P <0.05）。肝损伤严重程度[Ol ^ R=5.396（95% CI ：2.024,9.631）]、 APACHE Ⅱ评分[Ol ^ R=4.565（95% CI ：1.965,7.323）]、SOFA 评分[Ol ^ R=4.623（95% CI ：2.538,6.835）] 和miR-122a[Ol ^ R=2.818（95% CI ：1.082,5.726）] 是影响脓毒症休克合并肝损伤患者预后的危险因素。 结论 血清miR-122a、miR-124a 及miR-125b 可作为脓毒症休克患者合并肝损伤早期诊断的新型生物标志 物,且miR-122a 对脓毒症休克合并肝损伤患者的预后评估有一定的临床价值。     

宫内窘迫新生儿发生缺氧缺血性脑病的 危险因素分析

目的 研究具有宫内窘迫暴露因素的新生儿发生缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）的危险因素。方法 收 集2016 年6 月—2018 年3 月于佳木斯大学附属第一医院收治的具有宫内窘迫暴露因素,但尚未确诊为 HIE 的患儿作为病例组。选取同一居住区、性别比例、民族、年龄相差3 个月左右且未罹患HIE 儿童作 为对照组,对两组临床资料进行Logistic 回归分析。结果 单因素Logistic 回归分析结果显示,县镇医院分 娩、母亲文化程度低（小学及以下）、居室周围环境差、早产（孕周<37 周）、分娩时异常、出生体重低 （<2 500 g）、孕期及新生儿各因素比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。多因素Logistic 回归分析结果显示, 出生体重低<2 500 g[Ol ^ R=9.268（95% CI ：1.765,30.908）,P =0.005]、孕周<37 周[Ol ^ R=16.036（95% CI ： 5.906,49.133）,P=0.005]、母亲文化程度低[Ol ^ R=2.392（95% CI ：1.202,4.961）,P =0.000]、新生儿肌张力 高[Ol ^ R=14.160（95% CI ：5.436,36.680）,P =0.027] 及新生儿出生窒息[Ol ^ R=14.051（95% CI ：1.575,125.361）, P =0.006] 是HIE 发病的影响因素。结论 孕期和围产期危险因素与宫内窘迫有协同作用,增加HIE 发病风险。     

支气管哮喘患儿lncRNA PVT1 和炎症因子表达 与激素治疗敏感性的关系研究

目的 分析长链非编码RNA 中浆细胞瘤多样性异位基因1（lncRNA PVT1）、炎症因子与支气 管哮喘患儿激素治疗敏感性的关系。方法 选取2019 年1 月—2019 年12 月张家口市第一医院收治的60 例 支气管哮喘患儿作为研究对象,根据不同的激素治疗敏感性分为敏感组和抵抗组,各30 例。采集两组患儿 气管平滑肌细胞进行原代培养,使用RT-PCR 检测lncRNA PVT1 相对表达量,ELISA 法检测血清炎症因 子及siRNA 沉默lncRNA PVT1 前后原代培养细胞的炎症因子表达水平。结果 抵抗组血清及原代培养细 胞lncRNA PVT1 较敏感组高（P <0.05）。抵抗组血清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10 及TNF-α 表达水平较敏感组 高（P <0.05）。抵抗组沉默前后原代培养细胞中IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10 及TNF-α 表达水平的差值较敏感组 高（P <0.05）。lncRNA PVT1[Ol ^ R=0.145（95% CI ：0.057,0.762）,P =0.029]、IL-10[Ol ^ R=2.853（95% CI ： 1.542,5.969）,P =0.017] 及TNF-α[Ol ^ R=4.482（95% CI ：1.404,13.858）,P =0.031] 为支气管哮喘患儿激素 治疗敏感性的影响因素（P <0.05）。血清lncRNA PVT1、IL-10 与TNF-α 联合预测支气管哮喘患儿发生激 素治疗抵抗的敏感性为91.25%（95% CI ：0.835,0.986）,特异性为88.74%（95% CI ：0.810,0.965）,AUC 为 0.955（95% CI ：0.903,1.000）,且较单独指标预测的AUC 高（P <0.05）。结论 过表达lncRNA PVT1 可明 显加剧支气管哮喘患儿的气道炎症反应,进而降低气管平滑肌对激素治疗的敏感性。     

肾损伤分子-1、胱抑素C和尿肌酐联合检测对先心病体外循环术所致急性肾损伤的诊断价值

目的：探讨尿肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)、血清胱抑素C (CysC)和尿肌酐对先心病体外循环术所致急性肾损伤(AKI)的诊断价值。方法选取2014年5~10月在我院心外科行先心病体外循环手术患者100例,根据尿肌酐的水平分为AKI组(n=26)和非AKI组(n=74),检测两组术前、术后KIM-1、血清CysC、尿肌酐、尿白蛋白、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)等,分析其对AKI的诊断价值。结果 AKI组KIM-1、血清CysC、KIM-1/尿肌酐术后均明显上升(P<0.05),且在术后12 h达到峰值后缓慢下降,而非AKI组KIM-1, CysC变化不明显,两组上述指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);AKI组尿白蛋白/肌酐值(UACR)术后明显上升,术后12 h左右达到峰值,而非AKI组UACR术后基本未明显变化;AKI组和非AKI组UACR在术后2 h后比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),eGFR与UACR变化相反;KIM-1=325.96 ng/L时,灵敏度为83.45%,特异度为71.03%,ROC下面积最大。当三者联合检测时,ROC下面积最大。结论诊断先心病体外循环手术所致AKI时,尿肌酐无明显变化的情况下KIM-1及CysC均有改变,联合检测KIM-1、血清CysC和肌酐可提高诊断准确率,降低漏诊和误诊率。     

静息心率对代谢综合征的影响

目的 探讨静息心率（RHR）对不同性别健康人群进展为代谢综合征（MS）的影响。方法 选 取2011 年1 月—2012 年12 月聊城市第二人民医院的健康体检者作为研究对象,并进行5 年的随访。采用 Logistic 回归分析不同RHR 水平与MS 发病率的关系。结果 随访5 年后,男性组和女性组MS 发病率随着 RHR 的增快而升高（P <0.05）。对于总人群,随着RHR 每增加1 个单位,MS 的发病风险显著增加,经过年龄、 BMI、健康相关行为及预先存在的MS 组分校正后差异仍有统计学意义[Ol ^ R=1.320,（95% CI ：1.201,1.451）, P =0.000] ;经性别分层后差异仍有统计学意义[ 男性组：Ol ^ R=1.192,（95% CI ：1.040,1.367）,P =0.012 ;女 性组：Ol ^ R=1.409,（95% CI ：1.235,1.608）,P =0.000]。对于总人群,以RHR ＜ 70/min 为参照组,其余3 组 的MS 发病风险均显著增加,且OR 呈递增趋势;经过年龄、BMI、健康相关行为及预先存在的MS 组分校 正后差异仍有统计学意义[RHR ≥ 90/min 组：Ol ^ R=2.327,（95% CI ：1.784,3.037）,P =0.000]。经性别分层 后差异仍有统计学意义[RHR ≥ 90/min 组中男性组：Ol ^ R=1.644,（95% CI：1.148,2.355）,P =0.007];女性组： Ol ^ R=3.375,（95% CI ：2.214,5.146）,P =0.000]。结论 RHR 与MS 有着密切的关联性,随着RHR 的加快, MS 风险逐渐升高,这种影响是独立的,且在女性人群中更为显著。     

体外循环二尖瓣置换术后急性肾损伤患者检测血清HMGB1和尿KIM-1的临床价值

目的：探讨接受体外循环换瓣术患者检测血清高迁移率族蛋白Bl（high mobility group protein B1,HMGB1）和尿肾损伤分子-1（acute kidney injury,KIM-1）对早期诊断急性肾损伤（AKI）以及判断预后的价值。方法：接受体外循环换瓣术患者78例术后分为AKI组20例和非AKI组54例,分别留取术前及术后不同时间点的血液和尿液标本,检测血清肌酐（Scr）、HMGB1和尿KIM-1水平。结果：AKI组血清Scr在术后24 h升高显著,符合AKI诊断标准,48 h达到高峰值,不利于AKI早期诊断。AKI组术后6 h及以后时间点的尿KIM-1显著高于非AKI组,术后24 h及以后时间点血清HMGB1高于非AKI组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。AKI组术后6 h尿KIM-1与48 h血清Scr水平（r=0.743）、术后24 h血清HMGB1与7d血清 Scr水平（r=0.815）均呈正相关（P<0.01）。AKI组ROC曲线下面积0.821,95％可信区间为0.812~0.863（P<0.01）,临界点取1.97 ng/mL时敏感性及特异性分别为84.21％和75.14％。以术后24小时血清HMGB1判断预后,ROC曲线下面积为0.835,95％可信区间为0.837~0.899（P<0.01）,临界点取4.08 ng/mL时敏感性及特异性分别为80.30％和89.12％。结论：体外循环下接受换瓣术的患者,检测尿KIM-1和血清HMGB1水平对早期诊断急性肾损伤和预后判断有重要指导价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.