针刺对便秘型肠易激综合征患者血浆5-HT、NPY和CGRP的影响

目的?观察针刺对便秘型肠易激综合征（IBS-C）患者血浆中5-羟色胺（5-HT）、神经肽Y（NPY）和降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）水平的影响,从脑-肠轴的角度阐述针刺治疗IBS-C的效应机制。方法?60例IBS-C患者随机分为针刺组和西药组。针刺组30例,予针刺治疗,取天枢、足三里、上巨虚、太冲、三阴交、印堂、百会,每日1次,每周5次,4周为1个疗程;西药组30例,予口服乳果糖口服溶液,15?mL每次,每日3次,4周为1个疗程。观察2组治疗前后临床症状改善情况。同时采集2组患者治疗前后及30名健康志愿者外周静脉血,采用Elisa法检测患者血浆中的5-HT、CGRP和NPY的水平,探讨针刺对IBS-C患者血浆5-HT、NPY和CGRP的影响。结果?①针刺及西药均能显著改善IBS-C患者的临床症状（P<0.01）,针刺组疗效均优于西药组（P<0.01）。②2组IBS-C患者血浆5-HT、NPY和CGRP水平均明显高于健康志愿者,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。治疗后2组IBS-C患者血浆5-HT、NPY和CGRP水平均下降,针刺组患者血浆5-HT、NPY和CGRP水平较治疗前有显著差异（P<0.01）;西药组患者血浆5-HT、NPY水平较治疗前也有显著差异（P<0.01）,CGRP水平与治疗前比较无统计学意义（P>0.05）。2组治疗后组间比较血浆5-HT、NPY无统计学差异（P>0.05）,血浆CGRP有统计学差异（P<0.01）,针刺组下降趋势优于西药组。结论?①针刺可显著改善IBS-C患者的临床症状,疗效均优于西药组。②IBS-C患者血浆5-HT、NPY和CGRP水平均升高,说明脑肠肽水平异常与IBS-C症状密切相关。③针刺能明显降低患者血浆5-HT、NPY和CGRP水平,缓解腹痛与腹部不适程度,表明针刺对IBS-C患者血浆脑肠肽水平的良性调控作用可能是其治疗本病的效应机制之一。      

穴位埋线对肝阳上亢证高血压患者CGRP、NPY的影响

目的：探讨穴位埋线对肝阳上亢证高血压患者的效果及对降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）、神经肽Y(NPY)的影响。方法：选择阳江市人民医院2021年1月—2022年6月收治的肝阳上亢证高血压患者80例,采用随机数字表法将筛选后的受试者按1∶1分配入对照组与观察组。对照组给予苯磺酸氨氯地平片+调整生活方式干预,观察组在对照组基础上给予穴位埋线干预。比较两组治疗前后血压、中医症候评分、血清CGRP及NPY水平,评价两组治疗安全性。结果：治疗前两组血压水平比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗后两组收缩压、舒张压水平均低于治疗前,观察组均低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗前两组中医症候评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗后两组中医症候评分均低于治疗前,观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗前两组血清CGRP、NPY水平比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗后两组血清CGRP水平均高于治疗前,NPY水平均低于治疗前,观察组血清CGRP水平高于对照组,NPY水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗过程中均未发生明显不良反应。结论：穴位埋线治疗...     

三阶梯止痛法治疗肝癌疼痛患者的效果

目的：观察三阶梯止痛法治疗肝癌疼痛患者的效果。方法：回顾性分析2020年10月至2022年10月该院收治的102例肝癌疼痛患者的临床资料,根据治疗方法不同将其分为对照组和观察组各51例。对照组采用常规阿片类药物治疗,观察组采用三阶梯止痛法治疗。比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）评分、疼痛相关指标[P物质（SP）、β-内啡肽（β-EP）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）]水平,以及不良反应发生率。结果：观察组治疗总有效率为92.16%(47/51),高于对照组的76.47%(39/51),差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后,两组VAS评分均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后,两组睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、催眠药物、日间功能障碍等PSQI评分均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后,两组血浆SP水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,两组血浆β-EP和血清5-HT水平均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0....     

寒湿型LDH疼痛-负面情绪的机制研究

目的探讨寒湿型腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)疼痛-负面情绪的潜在机制。方法收集LDH手术患者23例,根据中医辨证标准分为寒湿组、非寒湿组,获取血清样本各11个和12个,病变椎间盘样本各11个和7个。另收集10例健康体检者血清样本为正常组。ELISA法检测血清白介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、降钙素相关基因肽(CGRP)、神经肽Y(NPY)、β-内啡肽(β-EP)、P物质(SP)等水平;qPCR、Western blot法检测病变椎间盘5-HT、CGRP、NPY、β-EP等mRNA和蛋白表达。结果与非寒湿组比较,寒湿组年龄、病程、疼痛和麻木积分无明显差异,但失眠、焦虑积分明显升高(P0.05)。血清学检测发现,与正常组比较,寒湿组和非寒湿组均出现CGRP显著降低和NPY显著升高(P0.01)的共性趋势,而寒湿组β-EP也出现特征性显著升高(P0.01);与非寒湿组比较,寒湿组CGRP降低(P0.05),而β-EP显著升高(P0.01)。椎间盘各因子mRNA和蛋白表达比较发现,与非寒湿组比较,寒湿组CGRP mRNA和蛋白表达升高(P0.05),β-EP mRNA和NPY蛋白表达降低(P0.05)。结论与非寒湿证型比较,寒湿型LDH疼痛-负面情绪关系更为密切;CGRP、NPY、β-EP差异性表达于外周血和病变椎间盘,提示上述因子是介导疼痛-负面情绪的重要因子。     

超声引导下中医内热针治疗腰椎内固定术后腰痛的疗效分析及对血清5-HT、SP、β-EP水平的影响

目的 探讨超声引导下中医内热针对腰椎内固定术后腰痛患者的疗效及血清5-羟色胺（5-HT）、P物质（SP）、β-内啡肽（β-EP）水平的影响。方法 选取2021年1月—2022年11月惠州市中医医院收治的80例腰椎内固定术后腰痛患者纳入研究,脱落后共63例,采取区组随机方法将其分为实验组（32例）、对照组（31例）。两组均给予基础治疗,对照组给予基础治疗和塞来昔布胶囊,实验组在对照组基础上给予超声引导下中医内热针治疗,疗程为2周。比较两组临床疗效;测量两组治疗前后腰椎活动度（前屈、后伸、侧屈角度）;分别于治疗前后采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评估两组疼痛情况,日本骨科协会（JOA）评分评估两组腰椎功能;检测两组治疗前后疼痛介质［5-羟色胺（5-HT）、P物质（SP）、β-内啡肽（β-EP）］水平;采用健康调查简表（SF-36）评估两组治疗前后生活质量;记录两组治疗期间不良反应;收集两组治疗前后红外热成像结果。结果 实验组总有效率高于对照组（P <0.05）。实验组与对照组治疗前,以及治疗后2、4和12周腰椎活动度（前屈、后伸、侧屈角度）、VAS、JOA、SF-36评分及5-HT、SP、β-EP水平比较,经重复测量设计的方差分析,结果 ①不同时间点前屈、后伸、侧屈角度,VAS、JOA、SF-36评分及5-HT、SP、β-EP水平比较,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）;②实验组与对照组的前屈、后伸、侧屈角度,VAS、JOA、SF-36评分及5-HT、SP、β-EP水平比较,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）;③两组前屈、后伸、侧屈角度,VAS、JOA、SF-36评分及5-HT、SP、β-EP水平变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）。两组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）;治疗后2、4和12周,实验组针刺穴位区域温度图像趋于正常水平,对照组与治疗前无明显变化。结论 超声引导下中医内热针对腰椎内固定术后腰痛具有较好疗效,可减轻患者疼痛,改善腰椎功能,调节5-HT、SP、β-EP水平,提高患者生活质量,同时不良反应较少,具有临床应用价值。     

井穴放血疗法对卒中后抑郁患者抑郁状况和血清5-羟色胺水平的影响研究

目的 探讨井穴放血疗法对卒中后抑郁（PSD）患者抑郁状况和血清5-羟色胺（5-HT）水平的影响。方法 选取于2012年6月-2013年12月在贵阳中医学院第二附属医院康复科进行治疗的PSD患者80例,随机分为对照组和观察组各40例。两组患者均进行常规内科治疗和肢体康复治疗,对照组在常规治疗基础上口服帕罗西汀,观察组在常规治疗基础上加用井穴放血疗法,均治疗2个疗程。比较两组治疗前后的汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评分和血清5-HT水平。结果 两组性别、平均年龄、平均病程及卒中类型分布比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗前两组血清5-HT水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗后两组HAMD评分比较,差异亦无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗后两组HAMD评分与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗前两组血清5-HT水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗后两组血清5-HT水平比较,差异亦无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗后两组血清5-HT水平与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 井穴放血疗法可以改善PSD患者的抑郁状况,其机制可能与降低血清5-HT水平有关。     

经鼻持续气道正压通气对早产儿反复呼吸暂停β-EP、NPY表达的影响

目的:分析研讨经鼻持续气道正压通气对早产儿反复呼吸暂停β-EP、NPY表达的影响。方法:随机从本院2015年8月-2017年3月收治的早产儿反复呼吸暂停患儿中抽取80例,按随机数字表法将患儿分为研究组和对照组,每组40例。患者入院后均接受综合治疗,对照组再接受氨茶碱治疗,研究组则接受经鼻持续气道正压通气治疗,观察并比较两组的治疗效果、安全性,以及神经肽Y(NPY)、β-内啡肽(β-EP)的表达情况。结果:研究组治疗总有效率为92.50%高于对照组的77.50%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组并发症发生率为10.00%与对照组的12.50%比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前,两组氧合指标(OI、PaO_2、PaCO_2)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,研究组OI、PaCO_2均低于对照组,PaO_2高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前,两组NPY、β-EP比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,研究组NPY、β-EP均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:临床治疗早产儿反复呼吸暂停可考虑给予经鼻持续气道正压通气,其疗效突出,安全可靠,且患儿β-EP、NPY改善明显,值得应用。     

从肝论治法对白癜风β-EP、CGRP、NPY表达的影响

目的观察从肝论治法治疗寻常型白癜风的临床效果。方法将符合标准的寻常型白癜风患者分为治疗组35例与对照组35例,两组患者均经过2周洗脱期后,治疗组口服复方祛白颗粒,同时外用复方祛白酊治疗。对照组口服白癜风胶囊,同时外用复方祛白酊。治疗3个月后,检测寻常型白癜风患者血浆β-内啡肽(beta-Endorphin,β-EP)、降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene-related peptide,CGRP)、神经肽Y(neuropeptide Y,NPY)水平。结果与对照组相比,治疗组疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,治疗组β-EP、CGRP、NPY水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论从肝论治法治疗寻常型白癜风具有较好的临床疗效,β-EP、CGRP、NPY水平的升高很可能是寻常型白癜风发病的重要因素。     

针刺联合中药治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征患者的效果观察

目的 探究针刺联合中药治疗在腹泻型肠易激综合征(IBS-D)患者中的应用效果。 方法 选取2015年3月—2017年4月浙江省立同德医院收治的80例IBS-D患者,按随机数字表法将其分为观察组(40例)和对照组(40例)。对照组采用中药治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用针刺治疗。比较2组患者的临床疗效、情绪相关指标及神经活性物质水平。 结果 观察组患者总有效率为92.5%,对照组患者总有效率为72.5%,观察组总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗前2组患者抑郁自评量表(SDS)及焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),治疗后2组患者SDS及SAS评分明显低于治疗前(均P<0.05),且观察组SDS及SAS评分明显低于对照组(均P<0.05);治疗前2组患者神经肽Y(NPY)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)及降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)水平比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),治疗后2组患者NPY、5-HT、CGRP水平明显低于治疗前(均P<0.05),且观察组NPY、5-HT、CGRP水平明显低于对照组(均P<0.05)。 结论 针刺联合中药治疗IBS-D疗效显著,可有效改善患者的情绪及神经功能。      

马来酸曲美布汀片对腹泻型肠易激综合征患者血清五羟色胺及炎症因子的影响

目的研究马来酸曲美布汀片对腹泻型肠易激综合征患者血清五羟色胺（5-HT）及炎症因子（IL-8、IL-1β）水平的影响。方法收集2011年1月～2012年8月在浙江省金华市中心医院腹泻型肠易激综合征患者60例,随机分成观察组和对照组,每组各30例。对照组采用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊治疗。观察组采用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊联合马来酸曲美布汀片治疗。观察两组疗效。结果治疗2周后,观察组患者的总有效率80.00%高于对照组总有效率53.33%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗2周后,观察组患者的血清5-HT水平[（21.9±8.2）nmol/L]小于对照组患者的血清5-HT水平[（27.6±9.7）nmol/L],差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗2周后,观察组患者的血清IL-8及IL-1β水平分别为（3.12±1.29）ng/L、（0.53±0.13）μg/L,均小于对照组患者的血清IL-8及IL-1β水平[（3.81±1.27）ng/L、（0.65±0.22）μg/L],差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论马来酸曲美布汀片用于治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征患者疗效较好,不但可以改善患者的血清5-HT水平,还可明显改善患者的血清IL-8及IL-1β水平。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.