先天性心脏病患儿术后发生急性肾损伤的危险因素 及早期检测血清microRNA-203 的意义

目的 探讨先天性心脏病（以下简称先心病）患儿体外循环术后发生急性肾损伤（AKI）的危险因素, 以及血清microRNA-203（miR-203） 对AKI 的早期临床价值。方法 选取2016 年9 月—2018 年1 月 在华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院住院的178 例先心病患儿,根据AKI 诊断标准将患儿分为AKI 组53 例和非AKI 组125 例。观察AKI 发生率,比较两组患儿的临床特征。采用多因素Logistic 回归分析 AKI 的危险因素,qRT-PCR 检测两组患儿术前,以及术后2、12、24 和48 h 的miR-203、肾损伤分子-1 （KIM-1）水平表达量。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线确定术后2 h 血清miR-203 对AKI 的预测价 值,计算曲线下面积（AUC）。结果 术后48 h 内,53 例（29.78%）患儿发生AKI,125 例（70.22%）患儿 未发生AKI。AKI 组患儿年龄小于非AKI 组（P <0.05）,术前紫绀型先心病比例、体外循环时间、阻断升主 动脉时间及采用间断性灌注4 ∶ 1 含血高钾停跳液（以下简称血灌）进行心肌保护的比例高于非AKI 组患 儿（P <0.05）。术后AKI 组患儿循环血中KIM-1 和miR-203 水平呈升高趋势（P <0.05）,且术后12 h 血清 miR-203 水平达峰值,早于KIM-1 水平达峰时间。ROC 曲线分析,术后2 h 血清miR-203 截断值为1.700, 其预测AKI 发生的AUC 为0.851（95% CI ：0.775,0.928）,敏感性为85.42%（95% CI ：0.825,0.874）,特异 性为54.17%（95% CI ：0.537,0.587）。经二分类变量Logistic 回归分析,年龄<4 岁[Ol ^ R=1.823（95% CI ： 1.594,3.953）,P =0.000]、紫绀型先心病[Ol ^ R=1.461（95% CI ：1.254,1.726）,P =0.005]、体外循环时间> 175.68 min [Ol ^ R=2.105（95% CI ：1.587,5.265）,P =0.000]、阻断升主动脉时间>101.45 min [Ol ^ R=1.217 （95% CI ：1.082,1.339）,P =0.000] 及术后2 h 血清miR-203>1.70。[Ol ^ R=1.331（95% CI ：1.160 ,3.241）, P =0.022] 是发生AKI 的独立危险因素;血灌心肌保护[Ol ^ R=0.729（95% CI ：0.558,0.894）,P =0.004] 是发生 AKI 的独立保护因素。结论 先心病纠正术后AKI 的发生与患儿年龄、术前紫绀、体外循环时间、阻断升主 动脉时间、血灌及术后2 h 血清miR-203 有关,且术后miR-203 水平可作为AKI 发生的早期预测因子。     

IL-6 联合中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值对 三阴性乳腺癌的预后评估价值

目的 探究IL-6 联合中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值对三阴性乳腺癌预后的价值。方法 选取2013 年 1 月—2016 年5 月徐州医科大学附属医院甲乳外科收治的经术后病理确诊为三阴性乳腺癌的患者127 例。患 者均进行为期3 年的随访,根据随访结果绘制生存曲线;利用单因素和多因素回归分析筛选出影响三阴性 乳腺癌预后的独立危险因素;绘制ROC 曲线,评价各潜在指标对三阴性乳腺癌预后的影响。利用Logistic 回归模型探索联合诊断评估三阴性乳腺癌预后的可行性。结果 患者的不良预后率为14.96%。TNM 分期 [Rl ^ R=0.036（95 CI ：1.498,3.883）,P =0.036]、癌胚抗原[Rl ^ R=2.151（95 CI ：1.120,4.131）,P =0.000]、糖 类抗原125[Rl ^ R=1.775（95 CI ：1.073,2.937）,P =0.008]、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值[Rl ^ R=1.641（95 CI ： 1.279,2.105）,P =0.032] 及IL-6[Rl ^ R=1.305（95 CI：1.120,1.521）,P =0.017] 是三阴性乳腺癌预后的影响因素。 癌胚抗原[Rl ^ R=2.115（95 CI ：1.353,3.307）,P =0.002]、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值[Rl ^ R=1.851（95 CI ： 1.783,1.921）,P =0.027] 及IL-6[Rl ^ R=1.344（95 CI ：1.081,1.671）,P =0.018] 是影响预后的独立危险因素。 中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值联合IL-6 预测三阴性乳腺癌预后的AUC 最高（0.740）,高于两者单独诊断的 AUC。结论 中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值和IL-6 对三阴性乳腺癌的预后具有一定的评估价值,两者联合诊 断可作为三阴性乳腺癌预后的诊断指标。     

血清HMGB1、sTLT-1 水平对经皮冠状动脉 介入治疗急性心肌梗死患者预后的影响

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死患者行经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）治疗后血清高迁移率族蛋白B1 （HMGB1）、可溶性髓样细胞触发受体样转录因子-1（sTLT-1）水平变化,以及对预后评估的影响。方法 选 取2013 年3 月—2017 年6 月在潍坊医学院附属益都中心医院心内科因急性心肌梗死（AMI）行PCI 治疗的 241 例患者。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清HMGB1、sTLT-1 水平,记录住院及出院后12 个月主要不良心 血管事件（MACE）的发生情况。结果 PCI 治疗后63 例（26.14%）患者发生MACE（MACE 组）,178 例患 者未发生MACE（非MACE 组）。MACE 组患者病变支数3 支比例、血清HMGB1 和sTLT-1 水平、Gensini 评分高于非MACE 组（P <0.05）;血清HMGB1 水平预测MACE 发生的ROC 曲线显示,当血清HMGB1 为 64.73 pg/ml 时,曲线下面积为0.868（95% CI ：0.820,0.916）,敏感性为0.873（95% CI ：0.768,0.937）,特异 性为0.758（95% CI ：0.698,0.811）;血清sTLT-1 水平预测MACE 发生的ROC 曲线显示,当血清sTLT-1 为620.84 pg/ml 时,曲线下面积为0.753（95% CI ：0.683,0.823）,敏感性为0.810（95% CI ：0.703,0.886）,特异性 为0.629（95% CI：0.570,0.685）;两者联合时,曲线下面积为0.895（95% CI：0.849,0.941）,敏感性为0.873（95% CI：0.768,0.937）,特异性为0.798（95% CI：0.738,0.848）。Cox 比例风险模型结果显示,甘油三酯[Rl ^ R=1.629（95% CI ：1.137,2.334）]、Gensini 评分[Rl ^ R=1.052（95% CI ：1.033,1.070）]、HMGB1[Rl ^ R=1.081（95% CI ： 1.049,1.113）] 及sTLT-1 水平[Rl ^ R=1.008（95% CI ：1.003,1.013）] 是影响AMI 患者接受PCI 治疗后发生 MACE 的危险因素。结论 AMI 患者接受PCI 治疗后12 月内MACE 的发生与血清HMGB1、sTLT-1 水平有关, 是患者预后的危险因素,可作为患者远期预后的预测指标。     

糖尿病足患者的死亡相关危险因素分析

目的 探讨并分析影响糖尿病足（DF）患者死亡的相关因素。方法 选取2013 年1 月—2015 年 12 月于阜阳市人民医院内分泌科住院的DF 患者201 例,电话随访3 年,依据患者生存情况分为死亡组和存活 组。分析两组一般资料、生化特征、病死率及死亡危险因素。结果 死亡组糖尿病病程、DF 病程及糖化血 红蛋白（HbA1c）高于存活组（P <0.05）,两组有无心脑血管病史和有无截趾比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）; DF 患者的3 年累计病死率为16.9%,Kaplan-Meier 生存分析结果示糖尿病病程、DF 病程、HbA1c、截趾及 心脑血管病史均影响DF 患者的生存率（P <0.05）;多因素Cox 回归分析显示,年龄[Rl ^ R=1.052（95% CI ： 1.020,1.085）]、糖尿病病程[Rl ^ R=1.094（95% CI ：1.036,1.156）]、DF 病程[Rl ^ R=23.357（95% CI ：5.752, 94.853）]、HbA1c[Rl ^ R=2.185（95% CI：1.549,3.082）] 及心脑血管病史[Rl ^ R=2.625（95% CI：1.265,5.448）] 是影响DF 患者死亡的危险因素。结论 DF 患者的病死率受多种因素影响,与年龄、糖尿病病程、DF 病程、 HbA1c 及心脑血管病史相关。     

结肠癌组织中WWP1、C-myc 的 表达及临床意义

目的 检测WWP1、C-myc 在结肠癌组织中的表达，探究其与结肠癌患者病情进展、预后的关系。 方法 采用免疫组织化学法检测河北北方学院附属第一医院收治的135 例结肠癌患者的癌组织、癌旁正常组 织中WWP1、C-myc 蛋白表达情况，分析癌组织中WWP1、C-myc 表达与患者临床病理参数、无进展生存 期（PFS）及总生存期（OS）的关系，用Cox 回归分析结肠癌预后的危险因素。结果 结肠癌组织WWP1、 C-myc 蛋白阳性表达率高于癌旁正常组织（P <0.05）；结肠癌组织WWP1、C-myc 蛋白表达受Dukes 分 期、肿瘤浸润深度及淋巴结转移的影响较大（P <0.05）；Kaplan-Meier 生存分析表明，结肠癌组织WWP1、 C-myc 阳性表达患者术后PFS、OS 较短（P <0.05）；Cox 回归分析结果显示，分化程度[Rl ^ R=29.203（95% CI：4.759，179.192）]、肿瘤Dukes 分期[Rl ^ R=16.817（95% CI：2.765，102.271）]、浸润深度[Rl ^ R=3.285（95% CI ：1.450，7.442）]、淋巴结转移[Rl ^ R=18.723（95% CI ：4.131，84.861）]、WWP1 表达[Rl ^ R=11.344（95% CI ：3.472，37.060）] 及C-myc 表达[Rl ^ R=12.873（95% CI ：3.092，53.592）] 为影响结肠癌患者预后的独立 危险因素。结论 结肠癌组织中WWP1、C-myc 异常高表达，且与患者病情恶性进展、预后不良关系密切， WWP1、C-myc 可作为预测结肠癌患者预后的参考指标。     

2型糖尿病患者尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值与血糖波动的影响因素分析*

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值（uACR）与血糖波动的影响因素。方法 选取339例确诊的2型糖尿病患者,应用动态血糖监测系统监测血糖,收集其临床资料。首先依据平均血糖波动幅度（MAGE）分组,MAGE<3.9?mmol/L 99例（血糖波动正常组）,MAGE≥3.9?mmol/L 240例（血糖波动异常组）,分析影响血糖波动的因素;再依据uACR分组,uACR<30?mg/g 197例（uACR正常组）,uACR≥30?mg/g 142例（uACR异常组）,分析影响uACR的因素。结果 血糖波动正常组与血糖波动异常组比较,病程、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、uACR差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）。糖尿病病程[OlR=1.040（95% CI：0.958,1.758）]、总胆固醇[OlR=1.332（95% CI：1.061,1.672）]是血糖波动的影响因素。uACR正常组与uACR异常组比较,年龄、病程、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、NLR、MAGE差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）。病程[OlR=1.055（95% CI：1.014,1.096）]、NLR [OlR=2.186（95% CI：1.602,2.983）]、MAGE [OlR=1.438（95% CI：1.226,1.688）]是uACR的影响因素。结论 随着2型糖尿病患者病程的进展,血糖波动幅度逐渐增大,总胆固醇可影响血糖波动;随着病情的进展,机体的炎症反应增强,血糖波动幅度的增大可影响uACR。     

经鼻蝶显微手术治疗功能性垂体腺瘤的 复发危险因素分析

目的 分析经鼻蝶显微手术治疗功能性垂体腺瘤（FPAs）术后复发的危险因素,并构建判断 FPAs 术后复发的风险模型。方法 回顾性分析2010 年10 月—2017 年10 月西安交通大学第一附属医院及西 安交通大学第二附属医院共112 例经鼻蝶显微手术切除FPAs 患者的临床资料,应用医院门诊病历系统联合电 话回访收集患者术后复诊情况,按患者随访结局分为复发组18 例和未复发组94 例。采用单因素分析和Cox 回归分析判定FPAs 患者术后复发的相关危险因素。结果 两组患者性别、年龄、肿瘤病理分型及是否首次 手术比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）;两组患者术后Knosp 分级、肿瘤直径、术后肿瘤残留、Ki-67 表 达情况及辅助治疗比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。经Cox 多元回归分析发现,肿瘤直径[Rl ^ R=3.120（95% CI ：1.248,7.798）,P =0.015]、术后肿瘤残余[Rl ^ R=3.246（95% CI ：1.289,8.178）,P =0.012] 及Ki-67 表达 [Rl ^ R=1.151（95% CI ：0.826,4.871）,P =0.034] 是影响FPAs 患者术后复发的独立危险因素。结论 肿瘤直径 较大、术后肿瘤残余及Ki-67 ≥ 3% 是FPAs 患者术后复发的高危因素。早期识别复发高风险患者,及早实施 应对措施可改善患者预后。     

胃癌组织中microRNA-144-3p 水平 及与临床病理特点和预后的关系

目的 探讨胃癌组织中microRNA-144-3p（miR-144-3p）水平,以及与临床病理特点和预后 的关系。方法 选取2011 年1 月—2013 年12 月在义乌市中心医院进行手术切除的100 例胃癌患者胃癌组织 及其癌旁组织标本。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应测定胃癌和癌旁组织中miR-144-3p 水平。结果 胃癌 组织中 miR-144-3p 低于癌旁组织（0.53±0.12） VS（ 1.00±0.11）（P <0.05）。不同临床分期、淋巴结转移及 分化程度胃癌患者miR-144-3p 水平比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;不同年龄和性别胃癌患者miR- 144-3p 水平比较,差异均无统计学意义（P >0.05）。miR-144-3p 高表达者5 年总生存率和无病生存率高于 低表达者（P <0.05）。Cox 多因素分析结果显示,miR-144-3p 低表达[Rl ^ R=3.627（95% CI ：1.514,8.783）]、 临床分期[Rl ^ R=1.627（95% CI ：1.073,4.735）]、淋巴结转移[Rl ^ R=4.025（95% CI ：1.043,8.931）] 及分化程 度[Rl ^ R=2.042（95% CI ：1.098,6.427）] 为影响胃癌预后的危险因素。结论 胃癌组织中miR-144-3p 水平 降低,其与临床分期、淋巴结转移、分化程度及预后关系密切。     

急性Standford A 型主动脉夹层围手术期患者 发生低血氧症的危险因素及其预测价值

目的 探讨急性Stanford A 型主动脉夹层患者手术前后低氧血症的相关危险因素及其预测价值。 方法 选取2014 年9 月—2017 年10 月河南省胸科医院收治的急性Stanford A 型主动脉夹层患者128 例。根 据是否存在术前低氧血症将研究对象分为术前低氧血症组和术前非低氧血症组;根据是否存在术后低氧血 症将患者分为术后低氧血症组和术后非低氧血症组。采用回顾性分析的方法,收集患者一般资料及术前动脉 血氧饱和度、术后24 h 内氧合指数及血红蛋白浓度等临床资料。分析患者的临床资料与低氧血症的关系。 结果 术前低氧血症组和术前非低氧血症组患者术后24 h 内患者氧合指数、体重指数、慢性阻塞性肺疾病史 及术前超敏C 反应蛋白比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。术后低氧血症组和术后非低氧血症组患者慢性 阻塞性肺疾病史、术中输血总量、术中体外循环转流时间及术后24 h 内患者氧合指数比较,差异有统计学意 义（P <0.05）。多因素Logistic 回归分析显示,体重指数[Ol ^ R=1.306（95% CI ：1.038,1.643）,P =0.024]、慢 性阻塞性肺疾病史[Ol ^ R=1.278（95% CI ：1.024,1.594）,P =0.043] 及超敏C 反应蛋白[Ol ^ R=1.257（95% CI ： 1.116,1.417）,P =0.039] 是影响术前低氧血症的独立危险因素,术中输血总量[Ol ^ R=1.322（95% CI ：1.068, 1.637）,P =0.008]、术中体外循环转流时间[Ol ^ R=1.458（95% CI ：1.208,1.760）,P =0.029] 是影响术后低氧血 症的独立危险因素。结论 超敏C 反应蛋白对于术前低氧血症发生有预测价值,而术中输血量、术中体外循 环转流时间对于术后低氧血症的发生具有较好的预测价值。     

影响胃癌根治术后患者预后效果的相关因素分析

目的 分析影响胃癌根治术后患者预后效果的相关因素。方法 选取2011 年1 月—2012 年4 月 皖南医学院弋矶山医院收治的胃癌患者200 例,对患者的临床资料进行统计学分析。结果 200 例胃癌患者 中,根治术后1 年生存175 例,3 年生存134 例,5 年生存113 例,生存率分别为87.5%、67.0%、56.5%。患者 不同年龄、手术类型、肿瘤部位、肿瘤直径、术后病理、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、临床分期、神经侵犯、脉 管癌栓及术前白蛋白水平的1、3 和5 年生存率比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,多因素Logistic 回归分析 显示,胃癌患者根治术后预后效果的影响因素包括肿瘤直径[Rl ^ R=1.688（95% CI ：1.266,2.250）]、浸润深度 [Rl ^ R=1.583（95%CI ：1.262,1.986）]、淋巴结转移[Rl ^ R=1.584（95% CI ：1.340,1.872）]。结论 影响胃癌 根治术后患者预后效果的相关因素包括肿瘤直径、浸润深度、淋巴结转移。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.