胸段食管癌淋巴结转移规律及其对淋巴结清扫方式的影响

目的探讨胸段食管癌淋巴结转移规律及其对淋巴结清扫方式的影响。方法对接受三野淋巴结清扫的230例食管鳞癌病人的肿瘤部位、临床病理指标与淋巴结转移的关系进行分析。结果每例病人的淋巴结切除11～71枚，平均（25．3±11．4）枚。其中133例病人存在区域淋巴结转移。颈、胸和腹三区淋巴结转移率，上胸段食管癌为41．6％、19．44％和8．3％，中胸段食管癌为33．3％、34．7％和14％，下胸段食管癌为36．4％、34．1％和43．2％。上、中、下胸段食管癌颈部或胸腔淋巴结转移率差异无统计学意义，下胸段食管癌腹腔淋巴结转移率显著高于上胸段或中胸段食管癌。Logistic回归模型显示肿瘤浸润深度和淋巴管血管浸润情况是影响淋巴结转移的有意义因素。结论对各胸段食管癌均应清扫颈、胸部淋巴结，上、中胸段食管癌腹部淋巴结清扫的意义尚需进一步研究。病人的肿瘤浸润深度及有无淋巴血管浸润与淋巴结是否转移密切相关。     

胸段食管癌淋巴结转移度与临床病理因素相关性分析

目的探讨胸段食管癌淋巴结转移度与主要临床病理因素的相关性及临床意义。方法分析2004年7月至2005年6月409例食管癌患者的病例资料,其中胸上段癌58例,中段癌267例,下段癌84例。临床分期0~Ⅰ期23例,Ⅱa期199例,Ⅱb期31例,Ⅲ期139例,Ⅳ期17例,均行手术切除肿瘤及淋巴结清扫。术后分析淋巴结转移情况,对主要病理因素进行统计学处理。结果全组术后病理示淋巴结转移率45.72%,总淋巴结转移度15.32%。统计分析显示随着肿瘤长径增加、浸润深度加深、分化程度降低,淋巴结转移度呈增高趋势,髓质型较其他大体类型、中下段食管癌较胸上段癌,淋巴结转移度增高。结论肿瘤长度>5cm、浸润深肌层以外、中低分化程度、髓质型病变以及中下段食管癌者,淋巴结转移度显著增高,于术前分期、手术方式选择、淋巴结清扫以及手术前后综合治疗中应予重视。     

胸段食管癌淋巴结转移特点的临床研究

目的 探讨胸段食管癌淋巴结转移的规律和特点,从而为其手术入路和淋巴结清扫范围提供参考.方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2012年12月间中南大学湘雅医学院附属肿瘤医院胸外科收治的72例胸段食管癌患者的临床资料,所有病例均行右胸入路手术. 记录各组淋巴结的清扫及转移情况,并分析淋巴结转移的影响因素.结果 72例患者中,有48例出现淋巴结转移,淋巴结转移率为66.7％;清扫淋巴结总数为1495枚,转移181枚,淋巴结转移度为12.1％,平均每例清扫淋巴结20.8枚.在各组淋巴结中,右喉返神经旁（1R组）淋巴结转移率最高,达30.6％（22/72）.左喉返神经旁淋巴结（2L组、4L组和5组） 转移率为12.5％（9/72）.淋巴结转移率与肿瘤大小和浸润深度有关（均P＜0.05）,而与病变部位和分化程度无关（P＞0.05）.结论 胸段食管癌淋巴结转移以右喉返神经旁淋巴结转移为主,故其手术最佳入路应是右胸入路,淋巴结清扫则应以右、左喉返神经旁淋巴结为重点的系统纵隔、腹野淋巴结清扫.     

颈部超声评价胸段食管癌颈部淋巴结转移

目的　探讨提高胸段食管癌颈部淋巴结转移诊断正确率的方法。　方法　 42例胸段食管鳞癌患者 ,术前行双侧颈部超声检查 ,转移淋巴结判定标准包括淋巴结的大小 (长径≥ 1 0mm)和形态 (短径 /长径 >0 5)。　结果　术前超声发现颈部淋巴结肿大 (短径≥ 5mm) 1 6例 ,触诊可扪及 5例。其中根据超声检查结果 9例判定为转移淋巴结 (cM1 LN) ,触诊可扪及 4例。本组 5例无法行肿瘤根治性切除者行非手术治疗 ;37例手术切除肿瘤的患者中 ,术后病理证实 6例颈部淋巴结转移(pM1 LN) ,其中 4例肿瘤侵犯食管外膜 (pT3)、2例术中发现肿瘤外侵 (pT4 ) ,并且均同时伴纵隔淋巴结转移 ,其中 4例还伴有腹腔淋巴结转移 ;1 1例pT1 、pT2 患者中无一例发现颈部淋巴结转移 (P =0 0 2 0 )。根据病理及临床治疗结果 ,超声判定颈部淋巴结转移的准确率显著高于触诊 (40 / 4 2 ,95 %比34/ 4 2 ,81 % ,P =0 0 4 3) ,敏感性亦明显高于触诊 (82 %比 36 % ,P =0 0 81 )。全组病例中 ,有 5例 (5/ 39,1 3 % )因颈部超声检查结果而改变治疗方式。　结论　超声检查判断颈部淋巴结转移的敏感性及准确率明显高于体检触诊 ,有助于提高食管癌术前分期的准确性     

胸段食管癌喉返神经旁淋巴结转移特点及临床意义

目的 探讨胸段食管癌喉返神经旁淋巴结转移特点及临床发生率,为术后准确分期、制定后续治疗方案和判断预后提供依据.方法 回顾性分析2007年3月至2010年2月,124例行胸段食管癌切除合并喉返神经旁淋巴结清扫术病人的临床和病理资料.结果 124例中34例出现了喉返神经旁淋巴结转移,34例共清扫了297枚淋巴结,47枚淋巴结有转移,其转移率为27.41%(34/124例),转移度为15.82%(47/297枚).34例有转移者中,高分化食管癌4例,中分化食管癌13例,低分化食管癌17例;低分化食管癌比高、中分化食管癌更易发生喉返神经旁淋巴结转移.上段食管癌9例、中段20例、下段5例,上段食管癌喉返神经旁淋巴结转移率为30%,中段为29%,下段为20%,上、中段食管癌喉返神经旁淋巴结转移率明显高于下段食管癌;T2 6例,T1 27例,T2的转移率为23.08%(6/26例),T3的转移率为28.72%(27/94例),两组转移率基本相似,P>0.05.11例术后出现声嘶,发生率为8.87%(11/124例),7例3个月后恢复.结论 胸段食管癌病例有近1/3发生喉返神经旁淋巴结转移,尤其是胸上段、低分化、浸润深(T2 以上)的食管癌更易发生.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical significance and characteristics of recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis of thoracic esophageal cancer.Methods One hundred and twenty-four patients who had undergone thoracic esophageal resection with recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node dissection in our hospital from March 2007 to February 2010.All clinical data were retrospectively analysed.Results Recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis was found in 34 of 124 cases,with the metastatic rate of 27.41% (34/124).The left recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis was 16.13% and the right was 8.06% .The recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis was found in 9 patients with the upper segment esophageal cancer,20 with middle third esophageal cancer and 5 with lower segment esophageal cancer,6 patients with T2 disease had recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis,while 27 with,T3 disease.Also there were 4,13,17 cases with metastasis in well-differentiated,moderately differentiated,poorly differentiated respectively.Poorly differentiated esophageal carcinoma was more susceptible to recurrent laryngeal lymph node metastasis than well-differentiated and moderately differentiated esophageal carcinoma.Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was found in 11 cases,7 cases of them recovered.Conclusion Nearly 1/3 of patients with esophageal carcinoma have recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis,especially for tumor located in the upper third esophagus,poor differentiation or deep invasion (T2 or more) of esophageal carcinoma were more susceptible to recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis.     

胸段食管癌喉返神经旁淋巴结转移特点及临床意义

目的 探讨胸段食管癌喉返神经旁淋巴结转移特点及临床发生率,为术后准确分期、制定后续治疗方案和判断预后提供依据.方法 回顾性分析2007年3月至2010年2月,124例行胸段食管癌切除合并喉返神经旁淋巴结清扫术病人的临床和病理资料.结果 124例中34例出现了喉返神经旁淋巴结转移,34例共清扫了297枚淋巴结,47枚淋巴结有转移,其转移率为27.41%(34/124例),转移度为15.82%(47/297枚).34例有转移者中,高分化食管癌4例,中分化食管癌13例,低分化食管癌17例;低分化食管癌比高、中分化食管癌更易发生喉返神经旁淋巴结转移.上段食管癌9例、中段20例、下段5例,上段食管癌喉返神经旁淋巴结转移率为30%,中段为29%,下段为20%,上、中段食管癌喉返神经旁淋巴结转移率明显高于下段食管癌;T2 6例,T1 27例,T2的转移率为23.08%(6/26例),T3的转移率为28.72%(27/94例),两组转移率基本相似,P>0.05.11例术后出现声嘶,发生率为8.87%(11/124例),7例3个月后恢复.结论 胸段食管癌病例有近1/3发生喉返神经旁淋巴结转移,尤其是胸上段、低分化、浸润深(T2 以上)的食管癌更易发生.     

胸段食管癌喉返神经旁淋巴结转移特点及临床意义

目的 探讨胸段食管癌喉返神经旁淋巴结转移特点及临床发生率,为术后准确分期、制定后续治疗方案和判断预后提供依据.方法 回顾性分析2007年3月至2010年2月,124例行胸段食管癌切除合并喉返神经旁淋巴结清扫术病人的临床和病理资料.结果 124例中34例出现了喉返神经旁淋巴结转移,34例共清扫了297枚淋巴结,47枚淋巴结有转移,其转移率为27.41%(34/124例),转移度为15.82%(47/297枚).34例有转移者中,高分化食管癌4例,中分化食管癌13例,低分化食管癌17例;低分化食管癌比高、中分化食管癌更易发生喉返神经旁淋巴结转移.上段食管癌9例、中段20例、下段5例,上段食管癌喉返神经旁淋巴结转移率为30%,中段为29%,下段为20%,上、中段食管癌喉返神经旁淋巴结转移率明显高于下段食管癌;T2 6例,T1 27例,T2的转移率为23.08%(6/26例),T3的转移率为28.72%(27/94例),两组转移率基本相似,P>0.05.11例术后出现声嘶,发生率为8.87%(11/124例),7例3个月后恢复.结论 胸段食管癌病例有近1/3发生喉返神经旁淋巴结转移,尤其是胸上段、低分化、浸润深(T2 以上)的食管癌更易发生.     

食管癌淋巴结转移特点及其危险因素

目的 探讨食管癌淋巴结转移情况及其危险因素,为外科手术行淋巴结清扫提供参考。方法回顾总结2006年1月至2010年12月在复旦大学附属肿瘤医院胸外科行三野淋巴结清扫食管癌根治术308例患者的临床资料．分析淋巴结的转移规律及特点。结果308例患者平均清扫淋巴结（35．6±14．5）枚,197例（64％）患者出现淋巴结转移。Logistic单因素分析结果显示,脉管（淋巴管及血管）侵犯（P=0．019）及肿瘤浸润深度（P〈0．001）是发生淋巴结转移的危险因素。各站淋巴结中,胸部气管旁淋巴结转移率最高（25．0％）。上段食管癌腹部淋巴结转移率显著低于中段或下段食管癌（P=0．001）,而各段食管癌颈胸部淋巴结转移率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。颈胸部和颈胸腹部淋巴结转移率分别为14．6％和11．0％,而颈腹部和胸腹部则分别为3．6％和4．9％。脉管侵犯（P〈0．001）和胸部气管旁淋巴结转移（P=0．014）是食管癌发生颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素。结论食管癌淋巴结转移具有上、下双向和跳跃性的特点．胸部气管旁淋巴结转移可作为行颈部淋巴结清扫的指征。     

术前胸中上段食管癌颈部淋巴结转移相关因素分析

目的分析术前胸中上段食管癌病人发生颈部淋巴结转移的相关因素。方法行食管癌切除+三野淋巴结清扫手术的食管胸中上段癌病人64例,按照是否发生颈部淋巴结转移分为转移组(20例)和未转移组(44例)。比较两组病人的术前临床资料,分析发生颈部淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结果食管癌病人超声检查结果中淋巴结短径、纵横比、内部回声、RI值与是否发生颈部淋巴结转移关系密切(P0.05);在两组病人的增强CT结果中,发生喉返神经旁淋巴结、胸部淋巴结肿大的比率差异明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);短径、RI值诊断颈部淋巴结转移的效能较好,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.823、0.694;Logistic回归分析发现,纵横比≥0.5、喉返神经旁淋巴结肿大为胸中上段食管癌病人发生颈部淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论食管胸中上段癌病人颈部淋巴结短径、纵横比、内部回声、RI值、喉返神经旁淋巴结、胸部淋巴结肿大是预测颈部淋巴结转移的重要指标,其中纵横比≥0.5、喉返神经旁淋巴结肿大为胸中上段食管癌病人发生颈部淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。     

肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移及清除的必要性

１９８７年１月至１９９２年１２月为３１４例肺癌病人行根治性切除手术，术中对同侧肺门和纵隔淋巴结进行广泛清除。３１４例肺癌中，Ｎ２（纵隔淋巴结转移）１１９例。占３７．９％。作者总结了Ｎ２的范围和分布特点，以及Ｎ２和肺癌细胞类型，部位间的关系，认为从根治目的出发，肺癌手术有必要彻底清除胸腔内淋巴结。     

Multimodal Treatment for Lymph Node Recurrence of Esophageal Carcinoma After Curative Resection

Background  Although esophagectomy with extended lymph node dissection can improve survival of patients with esophageal carcinoma, lymph node metastasis has remained one of the main recurrence patterns. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of intensive treatment for recurrent lymph node metastasis. Methods  Recurrent lymph node metastasis was detected in 68 patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma after curative esophagectomy (R0, International Union Against Cancer criteria). Multimodal treatment was performed in 41 patients: 19 patients underwent lymphadenectomy with adjuvant therapy, and 22 received definitive chemoradiotherapy and repeated chemotherapy. The remaining 27 patients (40%) received chemotherapy or best supportive care. Results  Survival of the lymphadenectomy and the chemoradiotherapy groups was significantly better than that of the patients who received chemotherapy or best supportive care (P < .0001). Fifteen patients (79%) underwent curative lymph node dissection (R0) in the lymphadenectomy group. Complete response, partial response, and stable disease were obtained in 8 (37%), 10 (45%), and 4 (18%) patients who received chemoradiotherapy, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in survival between the lymphadenectomy and the chemoradiotherapy groups. Although the location of lymph node metastasis did not influence survival significantly, seven patients with nodes around the abdominal aorta did not survive longer than 3 years. The most common repeat recurrence pattern was organ metastasis after the treatment. Multivariate analysis showed that the number of metastatic nodes and tumor marker were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion  Multimodal treatment including lymphadenectomy and chemoradiotherapy could improve survival of the patients with lymph node recurrence of esophageal carcinoma after curative resection.     

Prediction of Lymph Node Metastasis with Use of Artificial Neural Networks Based on Gene Expression Profiles in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background: The aim of the study was (1) to detect candidate genes involved in lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancers and (2) to investigate whether we can estimate and predict occurrence of lymph node metastasis by analyzing artificial neural networks (ANNs) using these gene subsets.Methods: Twenty-eight primary esophageal squamous cell carcinomas were used. Gene expression profiles of all primary tumors were obtained by cDNA microarray. Lymph node metastasis–related genes were extracted with use of Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM). Predictive accuracy for lymph node metastasis was calculated by evaluation of 28 cases by ANNs with leave-one-out cross-n. The results were compared with those of other analyses such as clustering or predictive scoring (LMS).Results: Our ANN model could predict lymph node metastasis most accurately with 60 clones. The highest predictive accuracy for lymph node metastasis by ANN was 10 of 13 (77%) in newly added cases that were not used for gene selection by SAM and 24 of 28 (86%) in all cases (sensitivity: 15/17, 88%; specificity: 9/11, 82%). Predictive accuracy of LMS was 9 of 13 (69%) in newly added cases and 24 of 28 (86%) in all cases (sensitivity: 17/17, 100%; specificity: 7/11, 67%). It was difficult to extract useful information for the prediction of lymph node metastasis by clustering analysis.Conclusions: ANN had superior potential in comparison with other methods of analysis for the prediction of lymph node metastasis. This systematic analysis combining SAM with ANN was very useful for the prediction of lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancers and could be applied clinically in the near future.     

淋巴结转移范围较数目能更好地反映食管癌手术治疗的预后

目的为了完善食管癌淋巴结分级,探索食管癌淋巴结转移的理想分级方法。方法回顾性分析1985年1月至1989年12月期间236例胸段食管癌切除,且淋巴结清扫数目≥6枚的患者的临床病理及随访资料,采用Cox风险比例模型筛选风险因子,Log—rank检验对按淋巴结转移数目、距离、范围的分级进行生存分析。结果患者10年随访率为92．3％（218／236）,全组总的1年、5年、10年生存率分别为80．2％、43．1％和34．2％;其中112例（47．4％）有淋巴结转移,其5年生存率低于无淋巴结转移患者（14．8％ vs．66．6％;Х^2=77．18,P=0．000）。Cox回归分析：除了侵及深度、分化程度及有无淋巴结转移外,还有淋巴结转移个数、转移距离及转移范围均为影响预后的独立危险因素。单因素Log—rank检验：按转移淋巴结数分组时,总体生存率差异有统计学意义（Х^2=96．00,P=0．000）,但N2与N3组间生存率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;按淋巴结转移距离分组,总体生存率差异有统计学意义（Х^2=79．29,P=0．000）,但S1,S2,S3组间生存率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;按淋巴结转移范围分组（0,1和≥2野）,总体生存率差异有统计学意义（Х^2=87．47,P=0．000）,并且各组间生存率差异亦有统计学意义（Х^2=5．14,P=0．023）。结论按照淋巴结转移的范围（无转移、1野转移、≥2野转移）来修订食管癌TNM分期的N分级,更为合理并能更好地反映食管癌切除手术患者的预后。     

甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移规律及影响因素分析

目的探讨甲状腺乳头状癌（papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC）颈部淋巴结的转移规律及其影响因素,为PTC颈部淋巴结清扫手术方式的选择提供依据。方法收集贵阳医学院附属医院甲状腺外科2009年1月至2011年12月期间收治的98例PTC患者的临床资料,对其淋巴结转移特点、规律及其影响因素进行回顾性分析。结果 98例患者中,共行颈部淋巴结清扫114侧。总颈淋巴结转移率为77.55%（76/98）,其中Ⅵ区淋巴结转移率为74.49%（73/98）,颈侧Ⅱ＋Ⅲ＋Ⅳ区为42.86%（42/98）,Ⅴ区为5.10%（5/98）。单因素分析结果显示：当肿瘤直径大于1 cm、侵犯甲状腺包膜、呈多灶性或年龄大于45岁时,Ⅵ区和Ⅱ＋Ⅲ＋Ⅳ区的淋巴结转移率较高（P〈0.05）。多因素分析结果显示：患者年龄、肿瘤直径、包膜侵犯及多灶性是颈部淋巴结转移的影响因素（P〈0.05）;包膜侵犯、多灶性、合并Ⅵ区淋巴结转移及合并颈侧Ⅱ＋Ⅲ＋Ⅳ区淋巴结转移是喉前淋巴结转移的影响因素（P〈0.05）;包膜侵犯和多灶性是跳跃性淋巴结转移的影响因素（P〈0.05）。结论 PTC易发生Ⅵ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ区淋巴结转移,应常规清扫Ⅵ区淋巴结。对颈部淋巴结转移规律的研究可为临床选择合理的颈部淋巴结清扫手术方式提供依据。     

Maxillary Verrucous Carcinoma Coincident With Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis of Colon Adenocarcinoma

Cervical lymph node metastasis is an extremely rare event in oral verrucous carcinoma. Isolated cervical lymph node metastasis of colon cancer is also rare. This article describes a case of maxillary verrucous carcinoma accompanied by colon adenocarcinoma that metastasized to a cervical lymph node in a 69-year-old Japanese woman. During preoperative evaluation for maxillary verrucous carcinoma, enlarged cervical lymph nodes and colon cancer were suspected by positron emission tomography. Colonoscopy with biopsies confirmed primary colon adenocarcinoma. Left radical neck dissection, partial maxillectomy, and full-thickness skin graft to the mucosa of the upper lip were performed before treatment of colon adenocarcinoma. Cervical lymph nodes showed metastasis from colon adenocarcinoma, and right hemicolectomy was performed. This is the first case report of synchronous oral verrucous carcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma with cervical lymph node metastasis.     

颈段、胸上段食管癌的外科治疗

目的总结外科手术治疗颈段、胸上段食管癌（肿瘤上极距胸廓入口下方≤3cm）的临床经验,以提高手术疗效,减少术后并发症的发生。方法回顾性分析我院收治的142例颈段、胸上段食管癌患者的临床资料,其中行食管癌根治术122例,姑息切除术15例,总手术切除率为96.5%,探查术5例。主要重建手术术式包括：单纯剥脱胃代食管术、结肠代食管术、空肠代食管术、胸大肌皮瓣重建术;右胸-上腹-颈三切口胃代食管术、全喉切除＋胃代食管术、管胃代食管术,左胸-颈两切口、胃代食管术。结果住院死亡5例,其中2例死于肺部感染,1例结肠坏死致严重感染,1例姑息切除后胃气管漏致肺部感染,1例胃大量反流误吸。9例患者食管上切端发现癌残留。8例颈段食管癌和21例胸上段食管癌患者术后发生并发症,主要包括空肠坏死、结肠坏死、喉返神经损伤、肺部感染、吞咽功能障碍、食管反流。随访117例,随访率85.4%（117/137）,随访时间1～5年;失访20例。术后1、3、5年生存率分别为72%,48%和31%。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳa期患者的5年生存率分别为82.3%,61.2%,25.0%和5.0%。结论颈段和肿瘤上极距胸廓入口下方≤3cm的胸上段食管癌患者的手术治疗在手术方式、切除范围、术后并发症的防治、术后功能保留和恢复等方面尚需进一步探讨。     

胃腺癌伴淋巴结转移的蛋白质组学分析

目的筛选出参与胃腺癌淋巴结转移过程的相关蛋白。方法标本来源:2例中分化腺癌,淋巴结未侵及;1例低分化腺癌,1例低分化腺癌局灶伴印戒细胞癌分化,胃小弯侧淋巴结可见癌转移。裂解液、超声破碎法提取胃腺癌组织总蛋白,经双向电泳后获得胃腺癌组织蛋白质图像,运用PDQuest软件进行图像分析,找到胃腺癌伴淋巴结转移和胃腺癌不伴淋巴结转移的差异蛋白质。应用四级杆飞行时间电喷雾串联质谱(Q-TOF)鉴定差异表达的蛋白质。最后用Mascot数据库进行检索。结果与胃腺癌不伴淋巴结转移相比,胃腺癌伴淋巴结转移中有2个蛋白质点高表达,质谱鉴定结果为胃蛋白酶A(pepsin A)、巨噬细胞加帽蛋白(macrophage-capping protein);在胃腺癌不伴淋巴结转移中有1个蛋白质点高表达,质谱鉴定结果为免疫球蛋白κ链恒定区(Igκchain C region)。结论巨噬细胞加帽蛋白在伴淋巴结转移胃腺癌组织中高表达,推测其可能在胃腺癌淋巴结转移发生中发挥着一定作用。     

Prognosis of Lymph Node Metastasis in Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Background: We defined the tumor characteristics and prognosis of patients with regional lymph node metastasis (RLNM) from soft tissue sarcoma.Methods: All patients with RLNM from soft tissue sarcoma were identified from the Royal Marsden Hospital Sarcoma Unit prospective database from January 1990.Results: A total of 73 (3.4%) of 2127 patients had RLNM. Fifty-seven patients (78.1%) had RLNM as the first site of spread, and 16 patients (21.9%) presented with RLNM and distant metastasis synchronously. The most common histologies were rhabdomyosarcoma, epithelioid sarcoma, and angiosarcoma. There were 9 T1 and 36 T2 tumors, and tumor size was not available in 28 patients. There were 6 grade 1, 16 grade 2, and 51 grade 3 tumors. Forty-two patients presented with RLNM along with the primary tumor. Of the remaining patients, the median time to development of RLNM from diagnosis of the primary tumor was 13.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 1–100 months). The 1-year survival for patients with isolated RLNM was 77.49% (95% CI, 62.99%–86.88%), compared with 36.27% (95% CI, 13.32%–60.04%) for patients who presented with RLNM and distant metastasis (P = .005). The 1-year survival for metachronous and synchronous RLNM was 94.44% (95% CI, 66.64%–99.20%) and 67.54% (95% CI, 47.89%–81.12%), respectively (P = .05).Conclusions: Lymph node metastasis is rare. Patients who present with isolated RLNM have an improved survival compared with patients who present with regional and distant metastasis at diagnosis. Synchronous RLNM with the primary tumor have a poorer outcome than metachronous RLNM in the absence of distant metastasis.     

Incidence and Clinical Significance of Lymph Node Metastasis Detected by Cytokeratin Immunohistochemical Staining in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Background This study explored the long-term prognosis of patients with ductal carcinoma-in-situ (DCIS) and lymph node metastasis detected by cytokeratin immunohistochemical stains (CK-IHC).Methods Using the Columbia University breast cancer database, we identified all DCIS patients who had eight or more axillary nodes dissected and free of metastasis. Five-micrometer sections from all paraffin blocks containing lymph node tissue were stained with an anticytokeratin antibody cocktail (AE1/AE3 and KL1). The results of the CK-IHC and updated database were anonymized and merged. Survival of CK-IHC–positive and –negative patients was compared by using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests.Results CK-IHC was performed on 301 DCIS patients, who had an average of 16.7 axillary nodes dissected. Eighteen (6%) of 301 patients tested positive by CK-IHC. Seventy patients with bilateral breast cancer and 2 patients without any follow-up data were excluded, for a final study population of 229 patients. Among the 216 patients with negative CK-IHC, 18 patients died, compared with 1 of 13 patients with positive CK-IHC. The median follow-up for the study group was 127 months. Kaplan-Meier overall and breast cancer–specific survival estimates were similar for CK-IHC–positive and –negative patients (P = .81 and P = .73, respectively).Conclusions CK-IHC increases the incidence of positive nodes by 6% in DCIS patients. A positive node by CK-IHC does not seem to affect survival in these patients. These results raise concerns regarding the clinical significance of positive nodes by CK-IHC in DCIS patients.