血管新生与疾病

很多疾病均伴有血管的变化。血管 ,特别是微血管 ,常与组织、器官的生长、发育和功能密切相关。疾病时它们发生相应的改变。有些疾病的发生发展和治疗与微血管新生有密切的联系 ,治疗时要抑制血管新生 ,如肿瘤等 ;有些疾病的发生发展有微血管的闭塞和退化 ,治疗时要促进微血管新生 ,如血栓性疾病等。因此近年来血管新生与疾病的关系在整体、细胞和分子水平上开展了广泛的研究 ,下面作一简要介绍。１肿瘤的血管新生与抗血管新生治疗１．１肿瘤血管新生肿瘤是人体细胞异常分化增殖的恶性疾病。肿瘤在表现其生长、转移等生物学行为时与其中的微…     

干扰素治疗慢性粒细胞白血病前后骨髓血管生成的临床观察

有有研究表明,血管生成及其调控因子与血液系统恶性疾病的发生、演变和预后密切相关。血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）是血管新生的重要调控因子,观察慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）骨髓组织VEGF和bFGF表达以及微血管密度是研究血液肿瘤血管生成的常用方法。CML采用造血干细胞移植根治疾病或采用伊马替尼长期缓解病情,但由于经济原因,干扰素仍是大多数国内CML病人之首选。已知干扰素除有直接抗肿瘤细胞增殖作用外,还有明显的抗血管形成活性。我们对CML患者采用干扰素为主的治疗方法,观察治疗前后骨髓组织VEGF、bFGF和微血管数量变化,探讨干扰素抗血管生成的作用机制。     

血管生成抑制蛋白vasohibin的研究进展

血管新生参与机体重要的生理和病理过程。Vasohibin是新近发现的调节血管生成的内皮源性负反馈调节因子,对抑制血管生成起重要作用。Vasohibin因参与肿瘤﹑视网膜疾病及类风湿性关节炎等血管新生异常疾病的发生发展而备受关注,相关研究可望为探索这些疾病的发生机制以及寻找新的治疗措施奠定基础。     

VEGF与恶性血液病的关系

血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)在恶性血液病的发生、发展和细胞的增殖、浸润、转移中均起重要作用 ,并影响恶性血液病的预后。以VEGF信号途径为靶点的治疗 ,可望成为恶性血液病治疗新方法。     

Notch信号在血流动力学对血管发育与疾病中的作用

心血管系统是在血流动力与基因信号通路协调控制下发育成熟的.对于多种心血管疾病如动脉粥样硬化、移植静脉粥样硬化等病变反应,现在普遍认为其病变过程与胚胎期发育有相似调控机制.故了解血管胚胎期发育的过程与调控,对理解血管疾病的发生机制和临床治疗具有指导作用.血流动力在血管发育与疾病中扮演着重要角色,而Notch信号通路参与调...     

血管发生／内皮前体细胞与临床关系

外周血液和脐血中含有骨髓源性的血管内皮前体细胞。组织缺血或内、外源性细胞生长因子 ,尤其是VEGF可以动员骨髓源性的血管内皮前体细胞到外周血液中 ,归巢并汇聚在缺血组织内 ,分裂、增殖及分化 ,形成新血管 出生后血管发生 ,对缺血性心血管疾病的治疗有重要意义。     

血管内皮祖细胞的研究进展

在胚胎发育过程中，血管系统的建立始于两种方式：血管发生和血管新生。传统理论认为血管新生即是出生后血管发生的代名词。然而，近的来发现循环中存在骨髓来源的血管内皮祖细胞，并与出生后血管发生密切相关，具有重要的生理、病理意义。这不仅拓展了干细胞的研究，也为缺血性疾病和肿瘤的治疗提供了新策略。本文简述了血管内皮祖细胞的来源、细胞表面标志、生物学特性、生理病理意义及其临床应用前景。     

血液动力学在血管重构中的作用

血液动力学主要是应用流体力学理论和方法研究血液流动、血管生理和病理之间关系的一门边缘性学科。近年来国内外学者认为血液动力学因素对血管重构有着重要的影响,当血液动力学发生改变后,血管内皮细胞通过跨膜蛋白、信号传导和基因表达等将力学信息传递到细胞内,再经过效应分子将转导信号最终作用于相应的血管,从而参与血管形态和功能的重构过程。本文旨在简述血液在流动过程中,血液动力学因素对血管内皮细胞的形态和功能、平滑肌细胞增殖和细胞外基质的生成等的影响。     

细胞自噬在血管新生中作用的研究进展

自噬(autophagy)是细胞利用溶酶体降解自身受损的细胞器和大分子物质的过程,在稳定细胞内环境中发挥着重要作用。在血管新生的病理生理过程中,细胞自噬作用持续存在。从自噬的角度探索血管新生的发生发展进程,能够为临床治疗血管相关疾病提供新的思路。     

VEGF与血液学恶性疾病

VEGF作为一种血管新生的主要病理生理性调节因子，触发了白血病细胞及多发性骨髓瘤细胞的生长、存活及移动，在造血过程中起重要作用。VEGF的表达及其信号转导，对血液学恶性疾病，尤其是对多发性骨髓瘤的发病机制及临床特性都有重要作用。针对VEGF及其受体直接或间接的治疗，有可能为临床提供一种新的有效的治疗方法。     

Acute myeloid leukemia associated with hemophagocytic syndrome and t(4;7)(q21;q36)

Hemophagocytic syndrome (HS) is a histiocytic reactive process often associated with infections and/or malignancies. Clonal karyotypic abnormalities have been the hallmark of several hematological malignancies and have been shown to be of clinical significance in terms of both diagnosis and prognosis. While there are limited reports of both clonal and nonclonal abnormalities in HS, their clinical significance has not been established. Detection of such clonal abnormalities, as seen in some cases of HS, may indicate the presence of an occult malignant process, even when there is no microscopic evidence of a hematological malignancy. We report a case of HS in a child with clonal t(4;7)(q21;q36) which later progressed to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with further clonal evolution. Our case strengthens the argument that cytogenetic studies in HS may be important in identifying the underlying occult malignant process.     

MicroRNA与血液系统肿瘤发生、诊断和治疗

动植物中广泛存在着一种大小约19-24个碱基的非编码单链小分子RNA,即microRNA(miRNA),随着生物信息学和基因克隆技术的迅猛发展, 现已在人类发现541个 miRNA,记录于miRNA数据库(http://microrna.sanger.ac.uk).miRNA 在物种进化中高度保守,其表达具有组织特异性和时序特异性.研究表明,miRNA 参与生命过程中一系列的重要进程, 包括早期发育、细胞增殖、分化、凋亡、死亡、免疫调节和脂肪代谢等.     

造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病的研究与分析

背景：近年来,随着血液学及相关领域基础和临床研究的不断发展,造血干细胞移植已成为治疗恶性血液病的有效手段,甚至是治愈某些血液病的惟一方法。 目的：对造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病SCI数据库文献资料进行多层次对比分析。 方法：通过计算机检索SCI数据库2001/2010有关造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病的文献,检索词为“造血干细胞(hematopoietic stem cell),移植(transplantation),急性髓性白血病(acute myelogenous leukemia),非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-hodgkin lymphoma),慢性髓细胞白血病(chronic myelocytic leukemia)”,分析结果以文字和图表的形式进行统计和计量学分析。 结果与结论：SCI数据库2001/2010收录造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病相关文献中美国在该领域文献产出量多于其他国家,对该领域研究有重要贡献,发表文献较多的机构集中在美国Fred Hutchinson癌症研究中心。10年来文献数量呈总体上升趋势。     

Quality assurance of the molecular diagnostic tests in hematological malignancies

Analyses of nucleic acid sequences in hematological malignancies are now essential in managing patients with hematological malignancies. Because of the impact of the test on decision-making in patient care, its accuracy is quite important. Detection of BCR-ABL mRNA by polymerase chain reaction, one of the most popular molecular diagnostic tests for hematological malignancies, has been used for diagnosis of Philadelphia-positive leukemias. Quality of the test must be assured in the process of diagnostic plan, sampling, measurement(nucleic acid isolation, amplification, detection), report and interpretation. Risk of false-positive results due to contamination of in vitro nucleic acid amplification reactions can be decreased through the use of protocols for contamination control. False-negative results may be caused by variability in BCR breakpoint, and loss or degradation of RNA due to inappropriate procedures as well as an insufficient detection sensitivity. Presence of inhibitors of amplification is also to be considered as a cause of false-negative results. Thus, quality control techniques such as internal standards are mandatory to ensure efficient amplification as well as RNA extraction. For the precise evaluation of minimal residual diseases, accurate and sensitive quantitative analyses are required. For quality assurance of assays in the present status of no commercially available kits, it is particularly important to monitor the clinical validation of the results by correlating them with the patient's status to prove clinically relevant. Staffs need to be trained to be familiar with both molecular pathogenesis and technology so that they can provide informative test results with a high quality.     

Hematopoietic cancer and angiogenesis

The growth of solid tumors is certainly angiogenesis dependent. However, the role of angiogenesis in the growth and survival of leukemias and other hematological malignancies has only been rendered evident since 1994 in a series of demonstrations showing that the progression of several forms is clearly related to their degree of angiogenesis. Here, we present an overview of the literature concerning the relationship between angiogenesis and disease progression in several hematological malignancies and the recent advances in antiangiogenesis in these diseases and we describe the most important active substances, preclinical and clinical data, and future perspectives.     

Significance of angiogenesis in malignant tumors

Angiogenesis, i.e. development of new vessels from preexisting ones, plays a key role in the development and progression of malignant tumors. Increased angiogenesis is the hallmark of virtully all types of cancer and has been identified as an independent adverse prognostic factor in various solid tumors and hematological malignancies. This review summarizes current knowledge about angiogenic process, describes methods of angiogenesis assessment and appreciates antiangiogenic therapy which offers new and perspective options in the treatment of malignancies.     

Role of tumor‐associated macrophages in hematological malignancies

The tumor microenvironment consists of many non‐tumor cells such as leukocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, and phenotypic changes in a tumor microenvironment are believed to be involved in tumor progression and resistance to anticancer treatments. In hematological malignancies, tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) that have infiltrated lymphoma or leukemia tissues may be involved in tumor progression, and many researchers have studied phenotypic changes in TAMs. This review article summarizes the publications related to TAMs in hematological malignancies, with an emphasis on CD163⁺ protumoral TAMs, which seem to be associated with disease progression. Cell‐cell interactions between protumoral TAMs and lymphoma or leukemia cells may play an important role in lymphoma or leukemia microenvironments. Although detailed molecular mechanisms of these cell‐cell interactions have not yet been clarified, phenotypic characterization of TAMs is thought to be a useful approach for evaluating clinical prognosis. In addition, targeting TAMs may be a new strategy for treating malignant hematological diseases.     

Hematological malignancy associated with polymyositis and dermatomyositis

The aims of this present study were to: 1) assess the characteristics of hematological malignancies in polymyositis/polymyositis (PM/DM) patients; and 2) determine predictive variables of hematological malignancies in PM/DM patients. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 32 patients (14 PM, 18 DM) associated with hematological malignancies. In our 32 PM/DM patients, hematological malignancy was concurrently identified (18.8%) or occurred during the course of PM/DM (31.2%); although, PM/DM more often preceded hematological malignancy onset (50%). We observed that the types of hematological malignancies varied, consisting of: B-cell lymphoma (n=20), T-cell lymphoma (n=4), Hodgkin's disease (n=2), multiple myeloma (n=1), myelodysplastic syndrome without excess of blasts (n=3), hairy cell (n=1) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (n=1). In 21 patients of our 32 patients with PM/DM-associated hematological malignancy (65.6% of cases), PM/DM paralleled the course of hematological malignancy. Finally, we observed that patients with PM/DM-associated hematological malignancies had a poor prognosis, the survival status ranging from 96.9%, 78.1% and 51.4% at 1, 3 and 5years, respectively. Interestingly, we found that patients with hematological malignancies, compared with those without were older and more frequently had DM; on the other hand, these patients less commonly exhibited: joint involvement (p=0.017), interstitial lung disease (p=0.06) and anti-Jo1 antibody (p=0.001). Taken together, our study underscores that the association between PM/DM and hematological malignancy, especially lymphoma, should not be ignored. Our findings also suggest that antisynthetase syndrome may be a protective factor of hematological malignancy in PM/DM patients.     

Cooperative regulation of the host defense to cryptococcal infection by innate immune lymphocytes]

Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal infectious pathogen in immunocompromised patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and hematological malignancies. Recently, innate immune cells, such as NK, NKT and ganmma delta T cells, have been found critical for determining the quality of acquired immunity by affecting the direction of Th1-Th2 balance. Th1-type immune response is important for the host defense against C. neoformans, and innate immunity may involve this process. In the present review, the accumulated knowledge including our own data on the role of innate immune lymphocytes in the host defense to this fungal pathogen are summarized, focusing on NKT and ganmma delta T cells.     

microRNA与血液系统肿瘤的研究进展

微小RNA(m icroRNAs,m iRNAs)是一类22个核苷酸左右的非编码调控RNAs,它可以通过切割mRNA或者是抑制翻译两种机制,在转录后水平发挥调控动植物生长发育的重要作用。最近,大量有关文献证实,哺乳动物中m iRNAs可能调控了大量的靶基因,从而影响多种生物学功能。许多从小鼠骨髓细胞中克隆而来的m iRNAs,在各种造血细胞系中受到不同的调控,而其中一些m iRNAs与白血病等造血系统恶性肿瘤有关。