联合多模式镇痛在全髋关节置换术后的早期疗效

目的评估联合多模式镇痛技术在全髋关节置换（THR）术后的早期疗效。方法本组自2011年6月至2012年5月共收治了97例（104髋）接受THR的患者,男43例,女54例,平均年龄（56．14＋2．97）岁。术后采用联合多模式镇痛技术进行围手术镇痛,除给予术后常规药物镇痛外,所有患者均接受了如术前宣教、超前镇痛、物理疗法以及术后肢体功能锻炼等综合措施。由同一术者实施,关节假体及器械均选自同一厂家,自术后12h随机将上述104髋分为两组进行比较,实验组联合应用及通安片与非甾体类镇痛药物,对照组单纯服用非甾体类镇痛药进行镇痛,术后指导患者行肢体功能锻炼,以患者主观疼痛及关节活动情况作为主要观察指标,以数字疼痛评分法（NPRS）对静息痛与关节活动后疼痛评分进行量化评估镇痛效果。结果实验组静息痛与关节活动后疼痛总体NPRS评分分别为（4．74＋0．77）及（6．14±1．41）分,对照组则分别为（5．11±1．01）及（7．23＋0．97）分,经SPSS13．0软件包统计学检验,两组间有统计学差异。出院时实验组与对照组关节主动活动能力比较有统计学差异。结论联合多模式镇痛在THR术后的早期疗效较好,利于关节功能恢复,是一种较廉价的镇痛模式。     

老年患者全髋关节置换术后携带利多卡因局部镇痛泵的疗效

[目的]探讨携带利多卡因局部镇痛泵在全髋关节置换术后镇痛中的疗效。[方法]将60岁以上初次全髋关节置换病例分为两组,一组术后伤口放置局部镇痛泵持续缓释利多卡因(局部镇痛泵组),一组术后使用静脉镇痛泵(patient controlled intra-venous analgesia,PCIA)输入稀释芬太尼(PCIA组)。比较两组术后静息疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS);伤口延期愈合率、感染率;头晕、恶心、呕吐、尿潴留发生率;镇痛泵依从性比率。[结果]局部镇痛泵组术后1h VAS评分高于静脉镇痛泵组(P=0.016),术后2 h VAS评分与PCIA组相比差异无统计学意义(P=0.510),局部浸润组术后24 h(P=0.024)、48 h(P=0.012)VAS评分低于静脉镇痛组,差异有统计学意义。术后3 h后局部镇痛泵组应用额外镇痛药比例低于PCIA组(P=0.015),局部镇痛泵者依从性优于PCIA组(P0.001)。局部镇痛组术后头晕、恶心、呕吐、尿潴留发生率均低于静脉镇痛组,差异有统计学意义;伤口延期愈合率两组差异无统计学意义;两组均无伤口感染。[结论]对于老年全髋关节置换患者,局部镇痛泵持续静息镇痛效果优于PCIA泵,能明显减少患者头晕、恶心、呕吐、尿潴留发生率;全身麻醉患者,局部镇痛泵应用时如果配合术中伤口局部浸润麻醉或者术后早期辅助额外小剂量镇痛药物镇痛效果可能更加理想。     

全髋关节置换术后多模式镇痛的有效性及安全性

[目的]前瞻性研究多模式镇痛(multimodal analgesia,MA)在全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,HTA)后镇痛的有效性和安全性.[方法]将60例拟行初次单侧全髋关节置换的患者随机分为2组:多模式镇痛组(MA组)和对照组.所有患者均于术前3d开始口服塞来昔布(200 mg,2次/d),手术采用静脉、吸入复合麻醉.多模式镇痛组(n=30),于假体安置完成,缝合关节囊后于关节囊周围、切口周围浸润注射罗哌卡因2.5 g/L,80ml(含0.1 mg肾上腺素),逐层关闭切口;对照组(n=30),不做切口浸润直接缝合切口.两组患者均不使用静脉患者自控式镇痛泵.观察2组患者术后1、4、24、48、72 h和出院时的疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和术后24、48、72 h及出院时术侧髋关节活动度,阿片类药物使用情况及镇痛相关不良反应发生率.[结果]多模式镇痛组(MA组)患者术后48 h内切口疼痛程度低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),48 h后MA组患者疼痛程度稍低于对照组,但结果差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后髋关节屈伸、外展活动MA组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后24 h内MA组16人要求使用补救性阿片类药物,显著低于对照组(26人)(P＜0.05),恶心、呕吐等副反应发生率MA组低于对照组.两组患者均未出现切口感染、下肢深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)等全髋关节置换术相关严重并发症.[结论]多模式镇痛能有效缓解THA术后疼痛,减少患者对阿片类药物的需求,利于患者术后早期康复的同时不增加THA术后严重并发症的发生率.多模式镇痛是THA术后安全、有效的镇痛方法.     

多模式镇痛技术在髋关节置换术围手术期中的应用

目的比较多模式镇痛与单纯术后镇痛在髋关节置换术围手术期的镇痛效果及术后关节功能恢复情况。方法全髋关节置换术66例,随机分为多模式镇痛组和单纯镇痛组(各33例)。分别记录两种方法术后各时间段的VAS评分和术后关节功能恢复的情况,进行统计学分析。结果两组术后24 h内各时间段VAS评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后关节功能多模式镇痛组优良率为88%,单纯镇痛组优良率为64%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论多模式镇痛组临床效果优于单纯镇痛组。多模式镇痛具有使用安全、效果确切、副作用少、易推广的特点。     

关节内置管局部浸润镇痛在全膝关节置换术的应用

[目的]观察使用关节内置管局部浸润镇痛对全膝关节置换术后镇痛的早期临床疗效.[方法]收集从2008年12月～2009年4月在本院行全膝关节置换术后采用置管镇痛者11例(12膝).其中男3例,女8例,单侧手术者10例,同期双侧手术者1例.术前诊断:退变性骨关节炎8例,类风湿性关节炎2例,创伤后关节炎1例.所有患者围手术期镇痛方案均统一,术中关节周围注射"鸡尾酒"镇痛药液,并关节内置管术后1 d单次追加推注镇痛药液.记录患者术后1～3 d疼痛VAS评分、总体满意度、膝关节活动度、主动直腿抬高时间及伤口并发症等.[结果]所有患者均未使用胃肠外阿片类药物,术后1～3 d休息痛和运动痛VAS评分均获得显著改善,主动直腿抬高时间平均为2.6 d,手术后第2 d和第3 d的膝关节平均主动活动度各为41°和55°,患者总体满意度高,无明显并发症.[结论]全膝关节置换术后经关节内置管多模式局部浸润镇痛,能显著延长术后镇痛时间,降低手术24 h以后的休息痛、运动痛以及VAS评分,促进关节早日锻炼,提高患者满意度,且简单、实用、安全、有效.     

加入局部浸润镇痛的多模式镇痛在全膝关节置换中的应用

 目的 探讨局部浸润镇痛在初次单侧全膝关节置换(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)术后多模式镇痛中的作用及安全性。方法 将60例拟行初次单侧TKA手术的患者随机分为局部浸润镇痛组与无局部浸润镇痛组,每组30例。两组均于术前3天给予塞来昔布口服(200 mg,2次/d),于手术室进行术侧股神经阻滞(3.3 g/L罗哌卡因30 ml)。采用静脉吸入复合麻醉。局部浸润镇痛组于术中假体安放完毕后行切口局部浸润镇痛(2.5 g/L罗哌卡因60 ml+0.1 mg肾上腺素);无局部浸润镇痛组不做切口局部浸润镇痛。术后均不使用静脉患者自控式镇痛泵。观察两组患者麻醉清醒后2、6、12、24、48、72 h及出院时的静息与活动疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS);术后24、48、72 h关节活动度、股四头肌肌力及镇痛相关不良反应发生率。结果 局部浸润镇痛组术后各时点的静息及运动VAS评分均低于无局部浸润镇痛组,术后2 h至48 h静息VAS及24 h以后运动VAS的差异有统计学意义。局部浸润镇痛组术后24、48、72 h及出院时膝关节活动度、股四头肌肌力优于无局部浸润镇痛组,首次直腿抬高时间早于无局部浸润镇痛组,对阿片类药物的需求(哌替啶35.0 mg/例)少于无局部浸润镇痛组(哌替啶66.7 mg/例),镇痛相关不良反应发生率(2/30,6.7%)低于无局部浸润镇痛组(7/30,23.3%),术后平均住院时间(5.4 d)少于无局部浸润镇痛组(6.8 d),差异均有统计学意义。结论 以股神经阻滞联合局部浸润镇痛为主的多模式镇痛在初次单侧TKA术后有较好的镇痛效果。     

全髋关节置换术中局部注射混合镇痛液疗效的临床对照试验

目的：研究全髋关节置换术中向关节周围局部注射混合镇痛液的疗效。方法：将76例行全髋关节置换术的患者分成2组，38例患者术中关节周围注射混合镇痛液，另38例不注射。术后采用直观模拟疼痛量表（VAS）评估患者疼痛程度；所有患者术后24h内使用患者自控镇痛泵（PCA），于不同时间点分别记录PCA的用量。结果：在麻醉后恢复室及术后4h，患者VAS疼痛评分注射组比对照组明显低。患者PCA使用量，与对照组6h及12h相比，注射组使用量明显少；术后24h内PCA使用总量注射组也比对照组明显少。注射组患者未观察到任何与混合镇痛液相关的不良反应。结论：全髋关节置换术中向关节周围注射混合镇痛液能够显著降低患者术后疼痛并减少镇痛泵的用量。     

全髋关节置换术后髋关节脱位的原因探讨及防治对策

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty,THA）后髋关节脱位的易发因素、治疗方法及预防措施。方法 回顾性分析2002年4月-2005年9月5例THA术后髋关节脱位患者的临床资料。行手法复位、外展皮牵引术4例,因手法复位后脱位复发而再次手术翻修1例。结果 术后经1-3年随访,3例未再发生脱位;1例高龄患者因患侧臀中肌无力,反复出现脱位而放弃治疗;1例患者牵引治疗出院后再次出现脱位,入院行翻修手术,术后随访3年未再出现脱位。结论 体位因素、假体安装位置不当及髋关节周围软组织失衡是引起术后髋关节脱位的主要原因。脱位后大多数患者可通过保守治疗纠正,但对反复脱位、假体位置严重不当或松动患者应考虑手术翻修。     

改良自控式镇痛泵的使用方法对全髋关节置换术后镇痛效果的影响

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术后使用自控式镇痛泵(patient-controlled analgesia,PCA)的患者引入超前镇痛的观念,超前定时预防性加注镇痛泵药物镇痛效果.方法 将2014年1~12月我科收治的113例全髋关节置换术后使用PCA的患者按数字表法随机分为两组:对照组58例,术后常规使用PCA;改良组55例,术后由责任护士对患者实施全程一对一宣教及护理,全面负责PCA操作过程,并从手术结束后6 h起,每间隔1.5 h由责任护士给予按压加注按钮超前镇痛,严密观察并比较镇痛效果和不良反应.结果 改良组在术后12 h、18 h和24 h疼痛评分明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);两组术后在恶心呕吐、尿潴留、呼吸抑制、血压下降等不良反应方面比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05).结论 全髋关节置换术后使用PCA患者,定时预防性加注镇痛泵药物,镇痛效果确切.     

微创小切口在人工全髋关节置换术中的应用

目的 观察微创小切口在人工全髋关节置换术中应用的近期临床疗效.方法 2007年12月～2009年4月,采用髋部后外侧小切口对32例患者进行人工全髋关节置换术;统计分析手术时间、术中出血量、术后伤口引流量、下地活动时间、髋部疼痛评估等.结果 切口长度在8～12 cm,平均9.4 cm;手术时间120～180 min,平均156 min;术中伤口出血量在400～800 ml,平均530 ml;术后引流时间72 h,引流量290～540 ml,平均370 ml;术后开始下地活动时间3～14 d,平均7.6 d;Harris评分:术前平均35分,术后平均94分.结论 应用髋部后外侧入路微创小切口进行全髋关节置换术,具有创伤小、康复快、髋部稳定性好、患者对于手术更易接受等优点,该方式只是适用于常规全髋关节(股骨头坏死、股骨颈骨折等)的初次置换术,不适于特殊髋关节(如先天性髋关节脱位等)的全髋关节置换术.     

A new cocktail formula with diprospan of local infiltration analgesia in primary total hip arthroplasty: A prospective,randomized, controlled,observer‐blinded study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to observe the analgesic effect of the cocktail formulation with diprospan during total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsFrom September 2018 to April 2019, 120 patients undergoing primary unilateral THA were included in this prospective, randomized, observer‐blinded study. Patients were randomized into three groups, according to the different local infiltration analgesia (LIA) strategies: LIA with ropivacaine (the ropivacaine group, n = 40), LIA with a new cocktail containing ropivacaine, diprospan, and morphine (the cocktail group, n = 40), and the control group (n = 40). The primary outcomes included postoperative pain scores. The resting visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were measured at 2, 6, and 12 h after the surgery (a.m. and p.m.) on postoperative day (POD) 1, POD2, and the day of discharge. Movement VAS scores were assessed at 6 h, 12 h after the operation (a.m. and p.m.) on POD1, POD2, and the day of discharge. The secondary outcomes included opioid consumption, postoperative hospital stay, range of motion of the hip at discharge, patient satisfaction, and the results of the follow‐up.ResultsAfter the screening, 120 patients were randomized into three groups (40 patients in each group). All of the patients completed the trial. The resting VAS scores in the ropivacaine group and cocktail group at 2 h were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively, F = 17.054), and the same trend was also postoperatively found at 6 h (p = 0.005 and P = 0.002, F = 6.212). Twelve hours after the operation, the pain score in the cocktail group was lower than that in the other two groups, but only the difference between the cocktail group and the control group was statistically significant (P = 0.018, F = 3.144). From the morning of the first postoperative day to the a.m. on POD 2, the VAS scores in the cocktail group were significantly lower than those in the ropivacaine group and the control group. Furthermore, the movement VAS scores in the ropivacaine group and the cocktail group were better than those in the control group at 6 and 12 h post‐operation (P < 0.05). The per capita opioid consumption in the cocktail group was less than that in the ropivacaine group and the control group within 24 h post‐operation. There were no significant differences in the comparison of additional indicators among the three groups.ConclusionThe new cocktail with diprospan had a better result and longer duration time for early postoperative pain control in primary THA via the posterolateral approach under general anesthesia, especially for treating resting pain.     

局部浸润罗哌卡因联合静脉镇痛对全膝关节置换术后镇痛及早期康复的影响

目的评估伤口单次局部浸润罗哌卡因联合静脉自控镇痛对全膝关节置换(TKA)术后镇痛的效果及术后早期膝关节康复训练的影响。方法选择腰麻下行膝关节置换手术的患者50例,根据镇痛方式分为两组,罗哌卡因组(25例):术毕切口浸润0.25%罗哌卡因20 ml,术后行静脉自控镇痛(PCIA);对照组(25例):术毕切口浸润生理盐水20 ml,术后行PCIA。采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估不同时间点的镇痛效果,不同时间评定术后康复训练依从性、膝关节主动活动度(ROM)、膝关节功能。结果术后4、6、8、12 h VAS评分:罗哌卡因组分别为1.28分±1.03分、2.17分±1.67分、2.13分±1.76分、2.38分±0.34分,对照组分别为2.75分±1.09分、3.25分±1.29分、4.50分±1.51分、4.62分±1.60分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。术后24、48 h VAS评分:罗哌卡因组分别为3.20分±1.21分、3.17分±0.84分,对照组分别为3.28分±1.21分、3.56分±1.19分,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。罗哌卡因组与对照组术后康复训练依从性、膝关节ROM及HSS评分比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论应用罗哌卡因局部浸润联合PCIA用于TKA术后镇痛是一种安全有效的镇痛方法,有利于膝关节术后功能的恢复,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

Fluctuation of visual analog scale pain scores and opioid consumption before and after total hip arthroplasty

BACKGROUNDPatients who undergo orthopedic procedures are often given excess opioid medication. Understanding the relationship between pain and opioid consumption following total hip arthroplasty (THA) is key to creating safe and effective opioid prescribing guidelines. AIMTo evaluate the association between the quantity of opioid consumption in relation to pain scores both pre-and postoperatively in patients undergoing primary THA.METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent primary THA from November 2018-May 2019 and answered both the visual analog scale (VAS) pain and opioid medication questionnaires pre-and postoperatively. Both surveys were delivered daily for 7-days before surgery through the first 30 postoperative days. Survey results were divided into preoperative, postoperative days 1-7, postoperative days 8-14, and postoperative days 15-30 for analysis. Mean opioid pill consumption and VAS pain scores in each time period were determined and compared to patients’ preoperative status using hierarchical Poisson and linear regressions, respectively.RESULTSThere were 105 patients included. Mean VAS pain scores were the highest preoperatively 7.41 ± 1.72. However, VAS pain scores significantly declined in each successive postoperative category compared to preoperative scores: postoperative day 1-7 (5.07 ± 1.79; P < 0.001), postoperative day 8-14 (3.60 ± 1.64; P < 0.001), and postoperative day 15-30 (3.15 ± 1.63; P < 0.001). Mean opioid pill consumption preoperatively was 0.68 ± 1.29 pills. Compared to preoperative opioid consumption, opioid use was significantly greater between postoperative days 1-7 (1.51 ± 1.58; P = 0.001) and postoperative days 8-14 (1.00 ± 1.27; P = 0.043). Opioid consumption declined below preoperative levels between postoperative days 15-30 (0.35 ± 0.72; P = 0.160) which correlates with a VAS pain score of 3.15. CONCLUSIONAll patients experienced significant benefit and pain relief from having undergone THA. Average postoperative opioid consumption decreased below preoperative consumption between postoperative days 15-30, which was associated with a VAS pain score of 3.15. These results can be used to appropriately guide opioid prescribing practices and set patient expectations regarding pain management following THA.     

全髋关节置换术假体周围骨溶解的临床分析

目的分析股骨假体周围骨溶解的发生情况、程度和方式,了解骨溶解与假体松动的关系。方法根据Ｇｒｕｅｎ’ｓ分区法,在标准正位Ｘ光片上对１９８０年１９９６年间进行连续Ｘ线随防的全髋关节置换术病人共１１２例进行分析,其中骨水泥固定８４例,非骨水泥固定２８例,平均随访时间为８３月。结果骨水泥固定和非骨水泥固定的假体周围骨溶解的总发生率分别为５８．３％和２５．０％,假体周围骨溶解进行性发展的发生率分别为８６％和     

A retrospective study of total hip arthroplasty

Aim:

To evaluate the functional and radiological outcome of primary total hip replacement (THR) using modular total hip system at 2-10 years follow-up.

Materials and Methods:

The cohort comprised 100 operated cases for total hip replacement using modular hip system, with an average follow-up of 6.02 years ranging from 2-10 years. In 61 cases cemented THR, in 36 cases hybrid and in three cases uncemented THR was done. Harris hip score was used for clinical evaluation. Osteolysis was recorded in three acetabular zones described by DeLee and Charnley and the seven femoral zones described by Gruen et al.

Results:

The average age at operation was 52.46±9.58 years. Mean follow-up duration was 6.02 years ranging from 2-10 years. Four patients died due to causes unrelated to surgery. At the last follow-up mean Harris Hip score was 83.5. Radiolucent lines were present in 39(39%) acetabular and 32 (32%) femoral components. Osteolysis was most common in Zone 7 of the femoral and Zone II and III of the acetabular component. Eight hips have been revised, five for aseptic loosening as proved by negative culture at revision and three hips for posttraumatic periprosthetic femoral fracture. One girdle stone resection was done for deep infection. Out of 96 hips available at latest follow-up, 87 primary arthroplasties were intact and functioning well.

Conclusion:

The results of our study support the continued use of the modular hip system. The acetabular loosening was more common than femoral in our study.     

Intrapelvic complications after total hip arthroplasty failure

BACKGROUND: Severe total hip arthroplasty failure with central migration of prosthetic components is uncommon. If perforation of the medial acetabular wall occurs, injuries of intrapelvic structures may result. DATA SOURCES: A meta-analysis of the English literature was performed. A human pelvic cadaver was used to demonstrate the proximity of intrapelvic structures to a centrally dislocated cup. RESULTS: Fifty cases of intrapelvic injury were identified. Structures involved most frequently were the external iliac artery and the bladder. The most common types of complication included fistula formation, development of a false aneurysm, and hemorrhage. The human cadaver pelvis demonstrated the proximity of intrapelvic vessels, the bladder, the ureter, the vagina, the deferent duct, the sigmoid colon, the rectum, and the sciatic nerve to an intrapelvically intruded prosthesis. CONCLUSIONS: Failed total hip replacements should be considered to cause damage to pelvic viscera.     

Diagnosis of infection after total hip arthroplasty

Forty-eight total hip arthroplasties for which revision surgery was performed were reviewed to determine the accuracy of laboratory tests, plain radiographs, hip aspiration, and technetium-99m MDP and gallium-67 scans in demonstrating the presence or absence of infection of the prosthesis. Six of the 48 hips were diagnosed as having an infection at the revision surgery. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in the patients with infected prostheses. The difference in the white blood cell count was not significant. There was no signifi-cant relationship between the presence of infection and the severity of loosening and instability of the implants diagnosed by plain radiographs. The accuracy of hip aspiration in diagnosing the infection was 83%, with a sensitivity of 40% and a specificity of 92%. The accuracy of technetium-99m MDP bone scan was 79%, with a sensitivity of 83%, and a specificity of 79%. Gallium-67 scan had an accuracy of 96%, a sensitivity of 67%, and a specificity of 100%. The findings in the present study indicated that diagnostic tests consisting of laboratory tests and plain radiography, followed by hip aspiration and sequential use of technetium-99m MDP and gallium-67 scintigraphies, are suitable for differentiation between mechanical loosening and infection of total hip arthroplasty. Received: November 17, 2000 / Accepted: February 14, 2001     

Ultrasound-guided genicular nerves block vs. local infiltration analgesia for total knee arthroplasty: a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial

Genicular nerves block is a promising technique to treat acute postoperative pain in total knee arthroplasty. Similar to surgeon-administered local infiltration analgesia, it targets sensory branches from the knee capsule, but through a selective ultrasound-guided injection that reduces local anaesthetic dose (150 ml ropivacaine 0.2% with local infiltration analgesia vs. 20 ml with genicular nerves block). This randomised non-inferiority trial compared the analgesic efficacy of genicular nerves block vs. local infiltration analgesia in the first 24 h following total knee arthroplasty. Sixty patients were randomly allocated to receive either ultrasound-guided block of five genicular nerves or local infiltration analgesia. The primary outcome was rest pain numeric rating scale (0–10) at 24 h. Secondary outcomes included pain numeric rating scale (rest and movement) and cumulative opioid consumption during the first 24 h. We analysed 29 patients in the genicular nerves block group and 30 in the local infiltration analgesia group. We found that the median difference (95%CI) in postoperative rest pain at 24 h (non-inferiority criteria, Δ = 1) was −1.0 (−2.0 to 1.0, p < 0.001). Median difference in cumulative opioid consumption was 0.0 mg (−3.0–5.0, p < 0.001) meeting the non-inferiority criteria, Δ = 23 mg. We conclude that genicular nerves block of five nerves provides non-inferior analgesia in the first 24 h following surgery compared with local infiltration analgesia, but with a considerable reduction in the local anaesthetic dose.