脑干听觉诱发电位在后循环脑梗死中的临床应用价值研究

目的 通过分析急性和慢性后循环脑梗死患者脑干听觉诱发电位变化特点,探讨脑干听觉诱发电 位（brainstem auditory evoked potential,BAEP）在后循环脑梗死早期识别和诊断方面的临床应用价值。 方法 选择2018年8月-2019年3月在上海第六人民医院神经内科就诊的后循环脑梗死患者为研究 对象,分为急性脑梗死组和慢性脑梗死组,同时设立健康对照组。比较3组BAEP的Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ各波峰 潜伏期（peak latency,PL）,Ⅰ～Ⅲ波、Ⅲ～Ⅴ波和Ⅰ～Ⅴ波峰间潜伏期（interpeak latency,IPL）,Ⅲ～Ⅴ波 /Ⅰ～Ⅲ波I PL的比值等指标的特点。 结果 研究共入组急性脑梗死组患者36例,慢性脑梗死组32例,健康对照组32例。急性脑梗死组 Ⅲ波、Ⅴ波PL较慢性脑梗死组（P＜0.001、P =0.005）和对照组（均为P＜0.001）均延长;慢性脑梗死组 Ⅴ波PL较对照组延长（P＜0.001）。急性脑梗死组Ⅰ～Ⅲ波、Ⅰ～Ⅴ波I PL较慢性脑梗死组延长（P＜0.001、 P =0.029）;急性脑梗死组Ⅰ～Ⅲ波（P＜0.001）、Ⅲ～Ⅴ波（P =0.006）和Ⅰ～Ⅴ波（P＜0.001）IPL较对照 组延长;慢性脑梗死组Ⅲ～Ⅴ波I PL（P =0.003）较对照组延长。慢性脑梗死组Ⅲ～Ⅴ/Ⅰ～Ⅲ波IPL比值 异常者有9例（25.0%）,急性脑梗死组2例（6.3%）,两组差异有统计学意义（P =0.001）。 结论 ①BAEP检查能灵敏地检测出急性和慢性后循环脑梗死患者的听觉感觉通路的电生理异常。 ②急性脑梗死患者BAEP的Ⅲ波和Ⅴ波PL、Ⅰ～Ⅲ波和Ⅰ～Ⅴ波IPL均显著延长,以Ⅲ波PL、Ⅰ～Ⅲ波IPL延 长为主;慢性脑梗死患者BAEP以Ⅴ波PL、Ⅲ～Ⅴ波IPL的延长为主。     

59例听神经瘤患者脑干听觉诱发电位分析

目的 分析听神经瘤(acoustic neuroma,AN)患者的脑干听觉诱发电位的变化特征及健侧耳峰间期改变.方法 对59例听神经瘤(AN)患者进行脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)检测,测定Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期(PL)、峰间期(IPL),双耳PL、IPL之间差值(ILD)等数值.结合MRI、CT影象学资料进行分析,并与36例健康者对照.结果 AN组与正常对照组BAEP各波PL、IPL测值比较差异有极显著性(P＜0.01).AN患侧BAEP异常率98.3%(58/59);主要表现:①Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波缺失;②Ⅲ、Ⅴ波PL延长;③Ⅰ～Ⅲ、Ⅲ～Ⅴ、Ⅰ～Ⅴ波IPL延长.AN患者健侧BAEP的异常率69.5%(41/59),主要表现:①Ⅴ波PL延长;②Ⅲ～Ⅴ及Ⅰ～Ⅴ波IPL延长;③Ⅲ～Ⅴ/Ⅰ～Ⅲ波IPL比值＞1.肿瘤直径＞2cm,BAEP的异常率有显著提高.不同大小肿瘤组间健侧BAEP测值比较:健侧Ⅴ波PL差异有显著性(P＜0.05),Ⅲ～Ⅴ及Ⅰ～ⅤIPL差异有极显著性(P＜0.01).结论 BAEP对AN诊断具有重要意义,它为病变提供了定位诊断依据,尤其健侧Ⅲ～Ⅴ/Ⅰ～Ⅲ波IPL比值异常,是脑干受压的敏感指标.     

后循环梗死患者的BAEP、BR、TCR变化的临床意义

目的探讨后循环梗死（PCI）患者脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）、瞬目反射（BR）、三叉神经-颈反射（TCR）三种电生理变化。方法选择50例经头颅MRI检查证实为PCI患者,分别行BAEP、BR、TCR检查。BAEP观察其波形,Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ峰波潜伏期（PL）、峰波间期（IPL）、波幅（Amp）;BR观察R1、R2、R2’波平均潜伏期、波幅;TCR观察各成分潜伏期、波幅、A值。结果 50例中,BAEP检查异常45例,异常率90%,异常主要表现为Ⅲ、Ⅴ波PL延长,Ⅲ～ⅤIPL大于Ⅰ～ⅢIPL,Ⅰ/Ⅴ波幅大于1。BR检查异常42例,异常率84%,异常主要表现为R1、R2、R2’波PL延长,R2、R2’波幅下降。TCR检查仅5例异常,异常率10%,头颅MRI显示多为延髓梗死。结论 BAEP、BR两种电生理检查方法能较好反映PCI患者脑干功能异常;TCR电生理检查方法异常率低,但对延髓梗死检查有特异性。三者联合应用可提供重要参考价值。     

脑创伤后长期意识障碍患者脑干听觉诱发电位表现与预后清醒的关系

目的 探讨重型创伤性颅脑损伤(TBI)后长期意识障碍患者脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)表现与预后清醒的关系.方法 分析63例重型TBI后意识障碍超过2周患者的BAEP表现,主要为BAEP中Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波各波峰潜伏期(PL),Ⅰ～Ⅲ、Ⅲ～Ⅴ波峰间潜伏期(IPL)及Ⅰ波与Ⅴ波波幅比.预后以TBI后6个月患者是否清醒为标准,分为清醒组与未清醒组,组间运用两独立样本t检验以筛选出有意义的指标.结果 本组患者清醒率为34.9%(22/63),BAEP指标异常率为66.7%(42/63).双侧Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波PL,Ⅰ～Ⅲ波、Ⅲ～Ⅴ波IPL及Ⅰ/Ⅴ波幅比均正常的21例中有16例清醒(清醒率为76.2%),双侧Ⅴ波PL异常的8例及双侧Ⅲ～Ⅴ波IPL异常的7例均未清醒,单侧Ⅴ波消失的2例未清醒.清醒组与未清醒组间比较发现双侧差异均有统计学意义的指标为Ⅴ波PL及Ⅲ～Ⅴ波IPL.结论 BAEP的Ⅴ波PL及Ⅲ～Ⅴ波IPL变化可客观、准确地反映脑损伤的程度及预测患者的预后.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the correlation between brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) findings and outcome in long-term unconscious patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods BAEP findings were recorded and analyzed in 63 patients suffering from severe TBI with duration of disturbance of unconsciousness for more than 2 weeks. The peak latency (PL) of wave Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ, the interpeak latency (IPL) of wave Ⅰ-Ⅲ and Ⅲ-Ⅴ and the amplitude ratio of wave Ⅰ and Ⅴ were analyzed. Conscious or unconscious at 6 months after the injury was considered as the outcome criterion,and based on these, the patients were divided into conscious and unconscious groups; the significant indicators were chosen in the 2 groups using independent-sample t test. Results The probabilities of awakening in these patients were 34.9% (22/63) with abnormal index of BAEP indicators reaching 66.7%. Sixteen patients were sober at last in 21 patients with normal PL of wave Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ, IPL of wave Ⅰ-Ⅲ and Ⅲ-Ⅴ, and amplitude ratio of wave Ⅰ and Ⅴ in bilateral side (the probabilities of awakening were 76.2%); 8 patients having abnormal PL of wave Ⅴ in bilateral side and 7 having abnormal IPL of wave Ⅲ-Ⅴ in bilateral side were unconscious; 2 patients having disappeared wave Ⅴ in unilateral side were unconscious. PL of wave Ⅴ and IPL of wave Ⅲ-Ⅴ in bilateral side were significantly different between the conscious group and the unconscious group. (P＜0.05). Conclusion BAEP findings (PL of wave Ⅴ and IPL of wave Ⅲ-Ⅴ in bilateral side) can objectively and accurately demonstrate the cerebral dysfunction and predict the outcome of the patients.     

脑干听觉诱发电位在听阈正常的语言发育迟缓患儿中的意义

目的 探讨脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）在听阈正常而语言发育迟缓患儿中的变化规律及应用价值.方法 分析100例听阈正常而语言发育迟缓患儿BAEP的变化规律;按年龄分组比较两个年龄段之间各波的延长时间.结果 （1）BAEP正常10例,异常90例,BAEP表现为Ⅰ、Ⅴ波潜伏期（PL）延长,Ⅲ~Ⅴ、Ⅰ~Ⅴ波峰间期（IPL）延长;（2）随着年龄增长,Ⅴ波PL与Ⅲ~Ⅴ波IPL延长时间越长.结论 Ⅰ波、Ⅴ波延长对早期诊断听阈正常而语言发育迟缓患儿具有一定的意义,说明即使听阈正常也可能存在听觉传导通路异常,且随着年龄增加,脑干上段受损越严重.     

支架置入术对椎基底动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作患者诱发电位的影响

目的 观察支架置入术能否改善椎基底动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）患者的亚临床症状。方法 11例症状性椎基底动脉狭窄的椎基底动脉系统TIA患者,支架置入术前后分别检测体感诱发电位（SEP）、脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）、视觉诱发电位（VEP）,记录各诱发电位的潜伏期及波幅。结果 （1）术前诱发电位均异常,主要表现为SEP N20及P40潜伏期异常,BAEPⅠ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期延长,VEP P100潜伏期延长。（2）与术前相比,术后1周BAEP表现为Ⅰ～Ⅲ波潜伏期缩短（P =0.046）、Ⅲ波幅升高（P =0.05）;SEP表现为N20潜伏期缩短（P =0.012）,N13～N20间期缩短（P =0.013）,P14～N20间期缩短（P =0.005）;VEP表现为 P100潜伏期缩短（P =0.022）。结论 支架置入术后,椎基底动脉系统TIA患者的SEP、BAEP、VEP好转,提示患者的亚临床症状恢复。     

后循环梗死患者的BAEP、BR、TSEP检测

目的:探讨后循环脑梗死(PCI)患者脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)、瞬目反射(BR)、三叉神经诱发电位(TSEP)三种电生理变化.方法:选择60例经头颅MRI检查证实为PCI患者(病例组),分别于人院一周之内行BAEP、BR、TSEP检查,观察BAEP波形及Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期(PL)、峰间期(IPL),计算BR的R1、R2、R2′波平均PL、波幅及TSEP各成分PL,并与40例健康体检者作对照.结果:病例组60例中BAEP异常35例(58%),异常主要表现为Ⅰ、Ⅴ波的PL、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波的IPL延长和Ⅰ/Ⅴ波幅比＞1.BR异常33例(55%),异常主要表现为R2波的PL延长,R2、R2′波幅下降.TSEP检查病例组与对照组PL比较未见明显差异.结论:BAEP、BR两种电生理检查方法能够较好地检测出PCI患者神经功能异常,联合应用BAEP及BR能够为PCI患者的神经功能的判断提供重要参考.     

帕金森病早期多种诱发电位检测的临床诊断价值

目的 观察帕金森病早期体感诱发电位(SL-SEP)、脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)和视觉诱发电位(PR-VEP)的异常特征．寻找敏感可靠的诊断指标。方法 对一组52例Yahr分期为Ⅰ期的帕金森病人和一组40例年龄匹配的健康对照组进行三种诱发电位观测。结果帕金森病早期SLSEP异常率为69．2％；BAEP的异常率为32．7％：PR-VEP的异常率为30、7％，病例组SL-SEP各主波峰潜伏期、峰间潜伏期、P25和N30波幅与对照组比较差异有湿著性意义；病例组BAEPⅠ—ⅢIPL、Ⅲ—ⅤIPL、Ⅰ一Ⅲ／Ⅲ一Ⅴ比值和PR-VEP的P100PL与对照组比较差异无显著性意义．结论 在帕金森病的早期，皮层感觉处理过程已受到干扰：体感诱发电位中央前成份以及顶成份P25是一个敏感的诊断指标。     

大鼠脑桥、中脑电损伤后脑干听觉诱发电位的敏感性研究

目的 探讨大鼠脑桥、中脑电损伤后脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)的敏感指标.方法 SD大鼠80只,分别于左侧脑桥面丘和中脑上下丘之间深部给予电损伤,按照电流刺激量的不同各分为小剂量组(1 mA)、中剂量组(3 mA)、高剂量组(6 mA)、对照组(0 mA),每组10只,记录和比较各组电损伤前后的BAEP各指标的变化.每组取2只行病理学检查.结果 电损伤后,脑组织均有不同程度的神经元坏死等改变,损伤程度随电流量加大而增加.脑桥小剂量组BAEP的V波的PL、Ⅲ～Ⅴ、Ⅰ～Ⅴ波IPL延长,中剂量组的Ⅲ、V波的PL、Ⅰ～Ⅲ、Ⅲ～Ⅴ、Ⅰ～Ⅴ波IPL延长,高剂量组的Ⅲ、Ⅴ波的PL、Ⅰ～Ⅲ、Ⅲ～Ⅴ、Ⅰ～Ⅴ波IPL延长,伴Ⅲ、Ⅴ波的波幅下降;中脑中剂量组、高剂量组V波PL延长,Ⅰ～Ⅴ、Ⅲ～Ⅴ波IPL延长,损伤前后的差值与对照组比较,有统计学意义.结论 (1)BAEP的Ⅴ波PL可能为反映脑桥和中脑损伤的敏感指标;(2)BAEP反映中脑损伤不如脑桥敏感.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the sensitive indexes of brainstem auditory evoked potentials(BAEP)in rats exposed to electric injury in the pons and the midbrains.Methods The pones and midbrains of 80 rats were electric injured beneath the left facial colliculus and quadrigeminal bodies.In the pone group or the midbrain group,the animals were further divided into 4 groups:controls(0 mA),low (1 mA),middle(3 mA)and high electric current(6 mA)respectively,according to the amount of electrical stimulation.The indexes of BAEP were recorded and analyzed before and after injury.Results It was shown that electric injury resulted in neuronal necrosis,the extent of which tended to be designated as much more severe according to the amount of electrical stimulation.In the pone groups,the peak lantency(PL)of waves Ⅴ and the interpeak lantency(IPL)of waves Ⅰ～Ⅴ,Ⅲ～Ⅴ were prolonged at low electric current. However,the PL of waves Ⅲ,Ⅴ and the IPL of waves Ⅰ～Ⅲ,Ⅲ～Ⅴ,Ⅰ～Ⅴ were prolonged at middle and high electric current,and the amplitudes of waves V were decreased at high electric current significantly compared with the controls.In the midbrain groups,the PL of waves Vand the IPL of waves Ⅲ～Ⅴ,Ⅰ～Ⅴ at middle and high electric current were prolonged significantly compared with the controls.Conclusions The peak lantency of the waves V may be the most sensitive indexes of BAEP as to the pons and midbrains injured,but the changes of BAEP is less sensitive in midbrain than in pons.     

后循环短暂脑缺血发作患者BAEP及BR检测报告分析

目的探讨脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）和瞬目反射（BR）检查对于后循环短暂脑缺血发作患者脑干功能受损的诊断价值。方法选择66例后循环短暂脑缺血发作患者（TIA组），分别行BAEP和BR检查，观察BAEP波形及各波潜伏期（PL）、峰间潜伏期（IPL），计算BR各成分平均潜伏期，并与40例健康者作对照。结果TIA组中BAEP检出脑干异常48例（72.7％），BR检出脑干异常50例（75.8％），两者联合检测脑干异常60例（90.9％）。结论BAEP与BR均能敏感地反映脑干的病变，两者从不同的解剖路径反映了脑干病变的病理生理基础，有助于定位诊断。     

BAEP与MRA在椎基底动系统TIA中的应用研究

目的:探讨脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)及磁共振血管成像(MRA)检查对椎基底动脉系统TIA的早期诊断价值。方法:对60例椎基底动脉系统TIA患者进行BAEP和MRA检查。BAEP异常患者治疗1周后复查,分析其前后变化。同时选取36例健康人行BAEP检查作对照。结果:治疗前患者组BAEP异常44例(73.3%),MRA异常35例(58.3%);治疗后患者组BAEP异常14例(23.3%)。对照组两项检查均正常。结论:BAEP、MRA对椎基底动脉系统TIA早期诊断具有重要价值,二者联合检测有助于缺血定位。     

脑干听觉诱发电位对进展性卒中的早期诊断价值

目的分析脑干听觉诱发电位在进展性卒中早期的变化及其对早期诊断的价值。方法应用诱发电位仪对发病24h内43例颈内动脉系统进展性卒中与非进展性卒中患者进行检测及对比分析。结果进展性卒中早期,起源于脑干的Ⅲ、V波异常率达62.79%,其异常主要以双侧V波PL及I-V波IPL的延长为主,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论脑干听觉诱发电位可作为颈内动脉系统进展性脑卒中在临床症状、体征进展达到诊断标准前的一个有效的评估指标,有助于临床对进展性卒中进行早期的干预性治疗。     

2型糖尿病对急性脑梗死患者脑干听觉诱发电位及预后的影响

目的探讨2型糖尿病对急性脑梗死患者脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)及神经功能的影响。方法选择急性期脑梗死患者154例,包括2型糖尿病合并脑梗死患者(DMCI)74例和非糖尿病脑梗死患者(NDMCI)80例,全部患者发病72h内均行BAEP检查和美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分。结果 DMCI组与NDMCI组患者BAEP异常率分别为81.2%和63.8%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);DMCI组患者BAEP主波潜伏期和波间期均较NDMCI组患者明显延长(P0.05);2组患者BAEP异常率与NIHSS评分呈正相关。结论 2型糖尿病加重急性期脑梗死患者脑干功能损伤,BAEP可作为急性期脑梗死患者预后的有效评估指标。     

Willis环侧支影响急性缺血性脑血管病的代偿及灌注

目的 利用计算机断层扫描血管成像（computed tomography angiography,CTA）及计算机断层扫描灌注 成像（computed tomography perfusion,CTP）技术研究Willis环侧支建立情况在急性缺血性脑血管病中的 代偿及灌注差异。 方法 本研究为回顾性研究,连续纳入首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院神经内科2011年12月～2013 年2月期间住院的急性缺血性脑血管病患者231例,根据颅脑磁共振弥散加权成像（diffusion weighted imaging,DWI）有无高信号将患者分为脑梗死（cerebral infarction,CI）组和短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack,TIA）组,并进一步根据缺血症状或梗死部位分为前、后循环TIA组及前、后循环CI组。 其中前循环TIA组59例,后循环TIA组66例,前循环CI组57例,后循环CI组49例,收集所有患者的CTA和 CTP资料,记录患者的Willis环代偿情况,并将其分为Ⅰ型（对称型）、Ⅱ型（前部不完整）、Ⅲ型（后部 不完整）、Ⅳ型（混合不完整）。分析Willis环不同分型及完整性与上述4组之间的关系。 结果 所有患者按Willis环形态分4型（Ⅰ型占7.8%、Ⅱ型占4.3%、Ⅲ型占38.5%、Ⅳ型占49.4%）。TIA 组与CI组相比,Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型Willis环多（4组中Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型所占比例分别为11.86%,7.58%,2.83%,2.83% 及49.15%,46.96%,16.03%,11.32%）。前交通动脉显示率在TIA组中更高（χ2=10.832,P =0.001）, 灌注异常者中以Ⅳ型所占比例最高（60.33%）,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型所占比例低于灌注正常组（χ2=12.356, P =0.006）。 结论 不同Willis环结构的比例存在差异,其中以Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型最为多见。在发生急性缺血性脑血管病时, 前交通的开放可能起到一定的代偿作用,Willis环不完整的患者出现灌注异常的情况更多见。     

The changes of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) after vertebrobasilar artery ischemia in rabbits

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) have been used as a valuable neurophysiologic index of neuronal dysfunction in the level of the brainstem. BAEPs are also useful in subdividing evoked potentials into normal, slight, or pronounced in patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency. We investigated the changes of BAEP after vertebrobasilar artery ischemia in rabbits and its significance in clinical work. A brainstem ischemic model was made by unilateral extracranial occlusion of vertebral artery to monitor BAEPs at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after occlusion. We found that peak latencies (PL) of I, III, and most notably V were gradually extended. In addition, we observed a significant (P < 0.05) delay of interpeak latencies (IPL) of waves I–III, III–V, and I–V after occlusion. This delay became more significant in IPL I–V 60 min after occlusion. Our results also demonstrate that the amplitude of I and V had no obvious change (P < 0.05). In the rabbit with bilateral extracranial occlusion of vertebral artery, BAEP waveforms disappeared 10 min after occlusion. Our results showed that vertebrobasilar insufficiency caused brainstem ischemia, which induced BAEP abnormity. Taken together, our findings suggest that BAEP has important significance for the clinical diagnosis of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Therefore, early detection of neuronal change after transient cerebral ischemia is important in initiating treatment within the therapeutic window.     

金尔伦(盐酸纳洛酮)治疗急性中、重型脑外伤的神经电生理研究

目的：通过诱发电位（EP）监测,探讨金尔伦（盐酸纳洛酮）治疗急性中,重型脑外伤的疗效,方法：对40例急性中,重型脑外伤患者者随机,双盲治疗,前3天剂量为每日0．3mg/kg,后7天剂量为4.8mg/日,于用药前,用药后30分钟,24小时,72小时,120小时监测正中神经短潜伏期体感诱发电位（SLSEP）和脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）,揭盲后分为金尔伦治疗组和对照组,对金氽伦治疗组与对照组诱发电位进行统计学分析,结果：金尔伦治疗级SLSEP的N13－N20峰间潜伏期（N13－N20IPL）及BAEP的I－V波峰间潜伏期（I－VIPL）在用药手均较对组缩短且有显著性差异,P＜0．05,结论,诱发电位监测结果表明,金尔伦能有效改善急性脑外伤患者异常的神经网络生理指标,对于急性中,重型脑外伤有明显的治疗作用。     

脑干听觉诱发电位在老年人椎基底动脉供血不足的诊断价值

目的 探讨脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)测定对诊断老年人椎基底动脉供血不足(VBI)的临床价值.方法 选择符合可临床确诊为VBI的60例老年患者为病例组,在眩晕症状发作期进行BAEP测定.并选择60例老年体检者为对照组.结果 病例组60例中有26例(43.3%)BAEP测定异常,BAEP测定异常病例中内耳型异常有10例(38.5%),8例表现为波I PL延长,2例表现为波I PL的ILD>0.4ms.脑干型异常16例(61.5%),10例表现为Ⅰ～Ⅲ IPL延长,2例为Ⅲ一Ⅴ的IPL延长和2例为Ⅰ-Ⅴ IPL的ILD>0.4ms等.对照组BAEP检查无异常.结论 BAEP检查为无创和客观测定,对老年人VBI的损伤部位(脑干或听神经通路)及损伤的程度都具有诊断意义,可作为老年人内耳型和脑干型病变定位的客观诊断指标.