早产儿视网膜病变2 203例筛查结果分析

目的：探讨早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)的发病率和致病因素。

方法：采用Retcam Ⅲ数字广角小儿眼底成像系统对2015-01-15/2017-10-15在西北妇女儿童医院新生儿重症监护室(neonatal intensive care unit,NICU)收治及眼科门诊就诊的出生胎龄<37wk或出生体质量≤2 000g的2 203例早产儿进行眼底筛查,根据筛查结果计算ROP发病率,并分析致病因素。

结果：早产儿2 203例中,共检出ROP者367例(621眼),发病率为16.66%。符合《中国早产儿视网膜病变筛查指南(2014)》筛查标准的887例早产儿中检出ROP者236例(399眼),发病率26.61%,筛查标准之外的1 316例检出ROP者131例(222眼),发病率9.95%。ROP组与无ROP组两组分析,胎龄、出生体质量、吸氧、机械通气与ROP发病密切相关,人工受孕、剖宫产、性别、多胎、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、母亲孕期高血压、母亲孕期糖尿病、宫内感染、宫内窘迫、胎膜早破与ROP发病无关。ROP发病在不同胎龄组、不同出生体质量组、不同吸氧组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,胎龄、出生体质量、吸氧、机械通气是ROP发生的独立危险因素。

结论：本研究中ROP发病率为16.66%,《中国早产儿视网膜病变筛查指南(2014)》筛查标准之外ROP仍占有一定比例。胎龄、出生体质量、吸氧、机械通气是ROP发病的高危因素。     

早产儿383例ROP筛查情况分析报告

目的:分析泉州地区早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)发病情况及高危因素.方法:回顾2010-10/2011-09在我院NICU及眼科门诊进行视网膜病变筛查的383例早产儿眼底情况,并进行汇总分析.结果:在筛查的383例早产儿中,发现ROP患儿53例(13.8%),均为双眼发病;其中阈值前Ⅰ型及阈值期病变光凝治疗22例(5.7%);发展为5期病变1例(0.3%);急进型2例(0.5%).数据显示ROP的发病率及严重程度与出生体质量及胎龄呈负相关;尤其出生体质量与ROP的发生关系密切.结论:低出生胎龄和体质量是ROP发生的根本性高危因素,对于低胎龄、低体质量的高危早产儿应规范进行眼底筛查.     

375例早产儿中早产儿视网膜病变的患病状况

目的了解厦门地区早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）的患病情况。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象2004—2008年厦门市第一医院入院筛查的375例出生体重2500g,或胎龄≤32周的早产儿。方法用双目间接眼底镜进行眼底检查,明确是否有ROP及其分期,统计不同出生体重、不同胎龄患儿的ROP患病率。主要指标ROP患病率。结果375例早产儿发现有ROP者41例,患病率10.93％;其中ROP1期9例,2期14例,2期10例,3期1例,急性进展性后部ROP1例。出生体重≤1000g、1001-1500g、1501～2000g的早产儿ROP患病率分别为45．00％、17．07％、7．01％;出生胎龄≤28周、29～30周、31～32周、33～34周的患病率分别为34．48％、12．07％、12．71％、8．25％。结论出生体重≤2000g、胎龄434周ROP患病风险高,早期进行ROP的筛查是防治ROP的关键所在。     

湖北地区早产儿视网膜病变筛查结果及相关因素分析

目的 了解湖北地区早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）的发病情况以及相关影响因素。方法 2009年7月至2011年5月对出生胎龄＜37周的313例早产儿的626只眼采用双目间接检眼镜和二代广角数码视网膜成像系统（RetcamⅡ）进行了ROP筛查。其中,男性200例, 女性113例。出生体重890～3500 g,平均出生体重（1977.37±497.03） g。出生胎龄26～37周,平均出生胎龄（33.13±2.44）周。根据筛查结果分为ROP组和无ROP组。所有ROP患儿均随访至视网膜完全血管化;如视网膜未能完全血管化则随访至视网膜情况稳定或进行激光光凝治疗。同时对两组间性别、出生胎龄、出生体重、妊娠年龄、分娩方式、试管婴儿、多胎妊娠、孕期吸氧、宫内缺氧、子痫、先兆流产、婴儿吸氧史、呼吸窘迫综合征、缺血缺氧性脑病、黄疸、蓝光照射治疗等相关因素进行统计学分析。结果313例626只眼中,ROP组52例87只眼,分别占早产儿人数及眼数的16.61%和13.90%。其中,急进性后部型ROP 2只眼;1期38只眼;2期36只眼;3期11只眼。无ROP组261人539只眼,分别占受检早产儿人数及眼数的83.39%和86.10%。接受激光光凝治疗20只眼。统计学分析结果显示,ROP组和无ROP组在出生胎龄（t=-4.348）、出生体重（t=-3.966）、婴儿吸氧史(χ2=9.05;比值比=3.403,95%可信区间1.475~7.854)间比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。性别、妊娠年龄、分娩方式、试管婴儿、多胎妊娠、孕期吸氧、宫内缺氧、子痫、先兆流产、呼吸窘迫综合征、缺血缺氧性脑病、黄疸、蓝光照射治疗两组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论湖北地区ROP发生率为16.61％;出生胎龄、出生体重、婴儿吸氧史是影响ROP发病率的重要影响因素。     

秦皇岛地区早产儿视网膜病变筛查情况分析

目的分析秦皇岛地区早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的发病情况。方法回顾性分析胎龄小于37周或体重低于2500g的616例早产儿Ret Cam III眼底筛查情况。结果 616例早产儿中,ROP的年发病率为7.63%,其中ROP3期以上的发病率为1.1%。结论秦皇岛地区早产儿视网膜病变的发病率与欧美国家、台湾及北京地区ROP发病率低。出生体重、胎龄为早产儿视网膜病变发生的重要危险因素。     

早产儿视网膜病变筛查结果分析

目的 探索适合成都及周边地区早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)的筛查模式.方法 回顾性调查分析研究.对2007年12月至2011年3月在四川省人民医院及成都市妇女儿童中心出生的332例体重2500g以下或孕周小于34周的早产儿,自生后4～6周或矫正胎龄32周开始筛查至周边视网膜血管化.结果 332例早产儿中有41例发生了早产儿视网膜病变,占12.35％.其中严重的4例(7只眼)接受了激光治疗,1例(1只眼)接受视网膜冷凝联合巩膜环扎手术治疗,占1.20％.按照卫生部制定的筛查标准,仅259例受检儿符合标准,ROP检出率为14.29％,有4例ROP患儿漏诊.眼底正常组患儿出生孕周和体重均明显高于ROP组,两组间有吸氧史者所占比例及不同严重程度ROP组与未发生ROP组吸氧时间的差异有统计学意义.结论 出生体重、胎龄、吸氧为早产儿视网膜病变发生的重要危险因素,婴儿出生的成熟度越低,早产儿视网膜病变尤其是严重的早产儿视 网膜病变发病可能性越高.成都及周边地区ROP筛查标准应在卫生部制定的ROP筛查标准的基础上适当扩大范围.     

早产儿视网膜病变筛查及危险因素的临床研究

目的了解我院早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)的发病状况,并对其相关危险因素进行分析探讨。方法对2007年1月至2008年11月在我院出生的124例(248只眼)早产儿(出生体重≤2500g或胎龄≤35周)进行ROP的筛查。所有患儿瞳孔散大后,通过巩膜外顶压详细检查患儿视网膜情况。按照ROP国际分类法的规定记录检查结果。将患儿全身状况及吸氧、母孕期吸氧、先兆子痫、胎盘早剥等因素进行统计。结果 124例患儿全部完成了眼底筛查,在周边视网膜血管化或病变退化后终止随访。9例(13只眼)出现ROP,发生率分别占患儿例数和眼数的7.26%和5.24%。其中6例(8只眼)ROP患儿未达到阈值前病变,3例(5只眼)为阈值前Ⅰ型病变,此3例ROP患儿给予间接检眼镜视网膜激光光凝术。所有激光治疗患儿术后随访观察,直至膜病变静止、消退,均未出现视网膜脱离。母孕期吸氧、先兆子痫、胎盘早剥等因素与ROP发病无关。结论低体重是ROP发生的最重要因素。对早产儿适时进行ROP筛查,并对发现的ROP早期进行有效视网膜激光光凝术,可控制病变,降低早产儿的致盲率。     

筛查标准在早产儿视网膜病变中的应用

目的 正确认识早产儿视网膜病变(简称ROP)的筛查标准;评价筛查标准在早产儿视网膜病变防治中的实用性、可行性、有效性;探讨建立完善的早产儿视网膜病变筛查体系,提高筛查水平.方法 回顾性研究.收集2005年1月1日至2010年12月31日期间住院治疗并新生儿医师请会诊的672例早产儿.参照中华医学会制定的早产儿视网膜病变防治指南进行筛查.在早产儿生后4～6周,由有经验的眼科医师应用双目间接眼底镜对其进行定期眼底筛查.每两周行1～2次早产儿的眼底筛查,根据患儿筛查情况结果,决定进行下一步的工作.结果(1)在所筛查的672例早产儿中首检为正常视网膜者605例,发生ROP 67例,占9.97％,其中ROP Ⅰ期38只眼,ROPⅡ期60只眼,ROPⅢ期4只眼,ROPⅢ期伴plus病变(3区)16只眼,ROPⅢ期伴plus病变(2区)10只眼,ROPⅣ期2只眼,AP-ROP(进展性后部ROP)2只眼;阈值前病变20只眼,阈值病变14只眼.(2)其中接受眼底激光治疗26只眼,行玻璃体切割手术6只眼(ROP发展至Ⅳ期);其中死亡5例10只眼.(3)67例ROP患儿出生体重均低于2500 g;出生体重≤1000 g、1001～1500 g、1501～2000 g、≤2500 g的早产儿ROP的比例分别为56.76％、12.83％、5.10％、3.42％.(4)孕周小于32W,发生ROP 55例,占82.09％;孕周小于34W,发生ROP 64例,占95.52％.结论 早产、低出生体重是ROP发生的高危因素;对于全身疾病严重的患儿需适当放宽筛查标准.根据不同地域,制定不同的筛查标准.孕周小于34周或出生体重小于2000g的早产儿进行ROP筛查的标准是可行的,值得推广应用.     

多波长氩离子激光治疗早产儿视网膜病变的疗效对比

目的 比较多波长氩离子激光治疗急进性与阈值期或阈值前期早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)的临床效果.方法 临床病例回顾性对照研究.对2008年5月至2010年12月在白求恩第一医院眼科接受氩离子激光治疗的48例(94只眼)患有ROP患儿的临床资料.将其分为两组,一组:急进性早产儿视网膜病变(AP-ROP)组;二组:阈值期或阈值前期早产儿视网膜病变组.将两组ROP患儿采用多波长氩离子激光治疗的疗效及两组间各相关因素进行比较研究.结果 48例(94只眼)患儿中18例(36只眼)为AP-ROP,治愈率88.89％;30例(58只眼)为阈值期或阈值前期ROP,治愈率94.83％,两组ROP患儿的治愈率比较差异无统计学意义(x2=1.17,P=0.286,P＞0.05).两组间各相关因素比较,新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(x2=11.27,P＜0.05)及早产儿贫血(x2=7.27,P＜0.05)两组间差异具有统计学意义.患儿的性别、胎龄、激光治疗时矫正胎龄、出生体重、败血症、新生儿肺炎、先天性心脏病等因素两组间差异无统计学意义.结论 氩离子激光治疗AP-ROP及阈值期或阈值前期ROP是安全且有效的,AP-ROP激光治疗治愈率较阈值期或阈值前期ROP低,新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征及新生儿贫血是影响ROP患儿激光光凝治愈率的危险因素.     

双目间接检眼镜联合RetCam Ⅱ进行ROP筛查的比较研究

目的:研究联合使用双目间接检眼镜与RetCam Ⅱ广域数字眼底照相系统的必要性,分析联合使用两种方法进行早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)筛查的结果。方法:2009-10-01/2010-10-31通过使用计算机辅助的双目间接检眼镜成像系统和RetCam Ⅱ对我院眼科门诊、新生儿科病房和新生儿重症监护室的早产低出生体重儿进行定期的眼底检查,眼底定期复查至早产儿的鼻、颞侧周边视网膜完全血管化为止。对确诊患儿建立图像和数据档案,及时追踪其病变发展与转归,当病情进展至阈值前期和阈值期病变时进行手术治疗,术后定期复查至其病变已完全消退或静止无进展。最后对确诊患儿资料进行统计分析。结果:在筛查时间内,对1431例符合早产儿视网膜病变筛查条件的早产低出生体重儿(胎龄27～35周;出生体质量0.8～2.5kg)进行眼底检查和定期复查,确诊ROP患儿111例(7.76%),其中单独使用RetCam Ⅱ检查发现ROP确诊者53例,对疑似病例同时使用计算机辅助双目间接检眼镜成像行检查后ROP确诊者58例。定期复查后病变消退者占67.57%,病变进展为ROPⅠ型阈值前期者19例和ROP阈值期及以上者15例,34例患儿进行视网膜激光光凝术,31例术后效果良好,2例ROP4A期患者术后效果不明显。结论:本研究发现早产儿孕周越小,出生体质量越低,ROP的发生率越高,其病变程度越重,需要及时筛查早期干预治疗。通过联合使用计算机辅助的双目间接检眼镜成像系统和RetCam Ⅱ进行早产儿眼底检查有助于提高ROP的诊断率,有利于资料客观保存和ROP筛查培训。     

Incidence and Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Babol,North of Iran

Purpose: To determine the incidence and risk factors for the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among premature infants.

Methods: New born infants with gestational age < 37 weeks were studied from October 2004 to April 2008. Potential risk factors, like gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), supplemental oxygen therapy, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, blood transfusion, and phototherapy were assessed.

Results: One hundred seventy-three newborn infants were evaluated. Mean BW ± standard deviation (SD) was 1680.64?±?462.5?g and Mean GA ± SD was 32.24?±?2.36 weeks. Incidence of ROP was 19% including 11.5% in prethreshold and 7.5% in threshold stages.

The incidence of ROP was 47.3% for infants with gestational age ≤ 32 weeks. All 33 infants with ROP had a gestational age of ≤ 34 weeks. The incidence of ROP was 33.3% for infants with BW < 1500 gr. ROP developed in 2 (6%) infants with BW > 2000 gr. Blood transfusion (Odds Ratio [OR]?=?2.45, P?=?0.031), phototherapy (OR?=?2.405, P?=?0.038), gestational age (OR?=?14.2, P?=?0001) and ARDS (OR?=?2.1, P?=?0.047) were associated to ROP. With multivariate logistic regression analysis, low GA and blood transfusion were related to ROP.

Conclusions: The results show that the incidence of ROP is relatively high in our region. Low GA, low BW, phototherapy, ARDS, and blood transfusion were the main risk factors for development of ROP.     

Perinatal Risk Factors for the Retinopathy of Prematurity in Postnatal Growth and Rop Study

Objective: To evaluate perinatal risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), in a large, broad-risk cohort of premature infants.

Study design: Secondary analysis of data from the Postnatal Growth and ROP (G-ROP) Study, a retrospective cohort study of infants undergoing ROP examinations at 29 North American hospitals in 2006–2012.

Results: Among 7483 infants, 3224 (43.1%) had any ROP and 931 (12.4%) had severe ROP (Type 1 or 2 ROP). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, significant risk factors for any ROP were lower birth weight (BW, odds ratio (OR) = 5.2, <501 g vs. >1250 g), younger gestational age (GA, OR = 32, <25 vs. >29 weeks), 1-min Apgar score <4 (OR = 1.2), race (OR = 1.6, White vs. Black), outborn (OR = 1.5), and delivery room intubation (OR = 1.3); and for severe ROP were lower BW (OR = 20, <501 g vs. >1250 g), younger GA (OR = 30, <25 vs. >29 weeks), male (OR = 1.5), Hispanic ethnicity (OR = 1.8), race (OR = 1.6, White vs. Black), outborn (OR = 1.6), and delivery room intubation (OR = 1.6). Together, these factors predicted well for any ROP (area under ROC curve (AUC) = 0.87) and severe ROP (AUC = 0.89), but BW and GA were the dominant factors for ROP (AUC = 0.86) and severe ROP (AUC = 0.88).

Conclusions: Based on the largest report to date with detailed ROP data from infants meeting current screening guidelines, ROP risk is predominantly determined by the degree of prematurity at birth, with other perinatal factors contributing minimally.     

严重早产儿视网膜病变危险因素分析

目的分析严重早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）的危险因素，为合理制定ROP筛查标准提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析2002年12月至2004年4月期间我院眼科就诊的168例孕龄<37周的早产儿临床资料。记录其性别、胎数(BC)、孕龄（GA）、出生体重（BW）、氧疗时间以及双眼充分散瞳后双目间接检眼镜检查所见的视网膜血管发育情况。按ROP国际分类法（ICROP）记录检查结果，1、2、3期为轻度ROP，阈值病变、4期和5期为严重ROP。应用多元Logistic回归分析分析ROP与性别、BC、GA、BW、氧疗时间等因素之间的关系。结果168例早产儿336只眼中，严重ROP 47例91只眼，分别占患儿例数和眼数的28.0%、27.1%。其中，阈值病变20只眼，占6.0%；4期病变11只眼，占3.3%。4期病变中，4A期2只眼，占0.6%；4B期9只眼,占2.7%。5期60只眼，占17.8%。各因素中，GA、BW和氧疗时间对严重ROP的发生有影响（P值分别为0.000、0.000和0.015，α=0.05），性别和BC与ROP无关（P值分别为0.640和0.084，α=0.05）。亚变量统计分析显示，当GA≤30周或BW≤1500 或氧疗时间>4d时早产儿患严重ROP的危险性显著增加。结论严重ROP的发生受GA、BW和氧疗时间的影响，而与性别和BC无关。GA≤30周或BW≤1500g或氧疗时间>4d的早产儿患严重ROP的危险性显著增加，建议重点对此类早产儿进行筛查。（中华眼底病杂志，2005，21：271-274）     

Analysis of risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity

AIM: To analyze the incidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 568 premature infants from September 2005 to December 2010 with birth weight(BW) equal to or less than 2 500g or a gestational age(GA) at birth of 34 weeks or less. All of the members were examined by indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy. RESULTS: ROP occurred with an incidence rate of 10.7% among 568 premature infants, and stages 3 and above ROP occurred with an incidence rate of 2.5%. This study showed the infants were more prone to develop ROP with short geststional age, low BW, long time of oxygen inhalation, and severe infants diseases. Twins had a significantly higher rate of ROP(18.3%) than singleton babies(9.8%), ROP were severer in twins than singleton babies . CONCLUSION: Short GA, low BW, long time of oxygen inhalation, severe infants diseases, and non-singleton babies were the most significant risk factors associated with ROP.     

Retinopathy of prematurity. Clinical findings in a Danish County 1982-87

The study includes all infants in a Danish county born 1982-87 considered at risk of acquiring retinopathy of prematurity (n = 411; 178 girls, 233 boys). 325 had birthweight (BW) less than or equal to 1750 g and/or gestational age (GA) less than or equal to 34 weeks. The remaining referrals were on account of functional immaturity/significant oxygen treatment (n = 86). With a median onset age of 6.5 weeks (range 5-9 weeks) ROP was recorded in 63 infants. A negative correlation (r = -0.34) between GA and ROP onset age suggested a later onset in the very immature infant. ROP appeared in 60% of those born at GA less than or equal to 28 weeks (n = 30) and in 50% of survivals with BW less than or equal to 1000 g (n = 20). With BW and GA beyond the limits of 32 weeks and 1750 g only 5 cases of ROP were observed. Out of the 14 infants with at least stage 3 ROP 6 became blind in both eyes after few months (GA at delivery 25-31 weeks/BW 920-1595 g). All considered, 57 of the 63 with ROP showed spontaneous regression, however, leaving myopia of prematurity in 8 subjects.     

Retinopathy of prematurity, a decrease in frequency and severity. Trends over 16 years in a Danish county

PURPOSE: To analyse the trends over 16 years (1982-97) in a Danish county regarding the clinical appearance of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: The data for birth years 1993-97 regarding the regular ophthalmic surveillance for ROP in the region have been analysed. With gestational age (GA) 32 weeks and/or a birthweight (BW) 1750 g as attempted screening limits a total of 177 premature infants were surveyed. Comparison was made with studies of a similar set-up from the preceding four 3-year periods comprising a total of 814 subjects. RESULTS: The number of survivors regarded at a higher risk of developing ROP (GA and BW both <32 weeks/1750 g, n=478) showed an even increase over the five investigation periods. The ROP frequency, however, fell from a level of 39% to 10%, there were fewer with severe sequels to ROP, and the children surveyed 'above limits' eventually avoided ROP. CONCLUSIONS: Using the ROP profile as a yardstick for the quality of the neonatal service given to the most immature newborns over the period 1982-97, the risk limits regarding GA and BW have gone down. More and more of the heavier preterm babies now escape ROP. A significant decrease in frequency of ROP in the more immature groups has been observed, and fewer cases have progressed to visual impairment.     

Retinopathy of prematurity in discordant twins: is the small twin at increased risk?

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - To examine the effect of birth weight (BW) independent of gestational age (GA) on Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm...     

重症早产儿视网膜病变的高危因素分析

目的探讨重症早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的发生率及高危因素分析对临床筛查的指导意义。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年12月756例早产儿临床资料,记录其孕周、出生体重、吸氧时间、吸氧浓度、APgar评分(1分钟in)、APgar评分(5 min)、败血症、呼吸暂停、机械通气、输血等。应用t检验、卡方检验以及Logistic回归分析分析重症ROP与孕周(GA)、出生体重(BW)、吸氧时间、吸氧浓度、APgar评分(1 min)、APgar评分(5 min)、败血症、呼吸暂停、机械通气、输血等因素之间的关系。结果 756例早产儿,严重ROP发生3.3%。各因素中,孕周较少、低出生体重、长时间吸氧、高浓度吸氧、APgar评分(5 min)<4分,机械通气、输血是重症ROP的高危因素,统计学有显著差异。结论严重ROP的发生受孕周较少、低出生体重、长时间吸氧、高浓度吸氧、APgar评分(5 min)<4分,机械通气、输血影响。特别是GA≤28周或BW≤1000 g早产儿患严重ROP的危险性显著增加,建议重点对此类早产儿进行及时筛查。     

早产儿视网膜病变的筛查分析

目的 了解早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)发病情况.方法 回顾性分析2009年6月至2010年10月间在东莞市人民医院ROP发病率及其特点.结果 接受筛查的早产儿共126例,发生ROP病变的21例,均为双眼发病,发病率16.67%,未到阈值前病变的19例,发病率15.08...     

早产儿视网膜病变的筛查及其相关因素分析

目的　探讨发生早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的全身高危因素。方法　对2002年7月1日至2003年6月30日在北京妇产医院出生的胎龄≤34周或体重≤2000g的早产儿进行眼部检查,并分析发生ROP的相关因素。结果　北京妇产医院98例早产儿中,有17例发生ROP,ROP发生率为17 .3%。出现阈值病变需进行激光治疗者4例(7只眼),占4. 1%。ROP组与正常眼底组早产儿在胎龄、出生体重、吸氧时间( >5d)和最高氧分压及发生败血症方面的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0. 05)。Logistic回归分析结果表明小胎龄、低出生体重等是发生ROP的基本因素,长时间吸氧是发生ROP的危险因素。结论　小胎龄、低出生体重、长时间吸氧等因素与ROP的发生有关。