Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis: A review of 26 cases

Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI), an unusual form of uveitis of unknown etiology, is frequently misdiagnosed. Purpose: To report the analysis of 26 patients (27 eyes) with FHI who were diagnosed and observed over a period of 1–7 years (mean: 3.42 ± 2.2 years). Methods: Ocular and systemic examinations were performed on all patients. Results: The most common presenting symptom was visual deterioration (42.3%); one patient was affected bilaterally. Characteristic keratic precipitates (100%), cataracts (77.8%), and heterochromia (70.4%) were the major signs. Eleven eyes (40.7%) required cataract surgery. At the initial examination, four eyes (14.8%) had glaucoma, and no new cases of glaucoma developed during the follow-up period. One eye required filtration surgery. Vitrectomy was performed in two eyes (7.4%) because of vitreous opacities. Most patients (73.0%) did not require active treatment; pre- and postoperative anti-inflammatory treatment for cataract extraction was performed successfully to minimize the risk of inflammation. No severe uveitis was seen in any patient after surgery, but visual acuity did not improve greatly after cataract extraction; 54.5% eyes had visual acuity better than 20/40 before surgery, and 45.4% postoperatively. Conclusion: Posterior capsule opacification, glaucoma, and vitreous opacity were the major obstacles to visual rehabilitation after cataract surgery in patients with this type of uveitis.     

Surgical management of cataract and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in Fuchs‘ heterochromic iridocyclitis

Background: To determine the inflammatory course and level of visual rehabilitation after cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation in patients withFuchs‘ heterochromic iridocyclitis complicated by cataract. Methods: In a clinical trial, 32 eyes (visual acuity of 20/160 or worse) of 30 patients underwent extracapsular cataract extraction (19 eyes) or lensectomy(13 eyes) accompanied by posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Indirect ophthalmoscopy was performed intraoperatively prior to intraocular lens implantation and the extent of vitreous haze was assessed. If vitreous haziness was 3+ or more, core vitrectomy (two eyes) or three-port pars plana deep vitrectomy (four eyes) was performed. Results: After an average follow up of14.4 months (6 to 24 months), there was no statistically significant increase in cell and flare in the anterior chamber and vitreous or in keratic precipitates compared with the preoperative status of the eyes. However, 12%of the eyes developed synechiae (anterior and/or posterior) in comparison to preoperative condition (p< 0.05). Eighty-seven percent of the eyes gained visual acuity of 20/40 or better (P < 0.005). Using the logistic regression model, a higher level of preoperative inflammation was associated with reduced likelihood of gaining visual acuity of 20/25 or more (OR = 0.25, 95%CI 0.049, 1.255). The complications of surgery were synechiae, 12%; opaque posterior capsule, 12%; vitreous loss, 3%; chronic glaucoma, 3%; and retinal detachment,3%. Conclusions: Implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens can be well tolerated in patients with Fuchs‘ heterochromic iridocyclitis. Vitrectomy, whenever indicated in addition to cataract extraction, improves visual rehabilitation. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Posterior chamber lens implantation concurrent with vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Combined operation of cataract removal with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and pars plana vitrectomy were performed on 25 eyes in 22 patients with cataract concurrent with diabetic retinopathy. In 21 eyes, extracapsular cataract extraction followed by intraocular lens insertion, aiming at in-the-bag fixation, was performed, and in 4 eyes pars plana lensectomy with anterior capsule left and intraocular lens insertion between the iris and anterior capsule was carried out. Mean postoperative follow-up period was 14 months, ranging from 3 to 32 months. Visual acuity on the last examination was 0.5 or better in 2 eyes (8%), 0.1 or better in 12 eyes (48%), and worse than 0.05 in 9 eyes (36%). Major postoperative complications were fibrin reaction (20 eyes, 80%), pupillary deformation (19 eyes, 76%), pupil capture by intraocular lens (3 eyes, 12%), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (1 eye, 4%), neovascular glaucoma (2 eyes, 8%), and recurrent vitreous hemorrhage (13 eyes, 52%). Intraocular pressure was well controlled in neovascular glaucoma cases. At the last examination ocular fundus was invisible due to vitreous hemorrhage in two eyes.     

Long-term results of vitreous surgery for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

In order to study long-term anatomical and functional results the authors evaluated the data from 260 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Indications for surgery were: vitreous hemorrhage, 68 eyes (26.2%); vitreous hemorrhage & tractional retinal detachment, 84 eyes (32.3%); tractional retinal detachment, 82 eyes (31.5%); and combined tractional-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, 26 eyes (10%). In 118 eyes vitreoretinal surgery was combined with silicone-oil tamponade.The retina was completely attached posterior to a scleral buckle in 251 eyes (96%) at the time of the last examination. After a follow-up period of at least 12 months in a group of patients with vitreous hemorrhage, visual acuity improved in 88% of the eyes. Visual acuity was better than 0.5 in 31% of eyes. In group of eyes with nonresorbing vitreous hemorrhage & tractional retinal detachment visual acuity improved in 52% of eyes. Visual acuity improved in 76% of eyes with tractional retinal detachment and in 81% of eyes with combined tractional & rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. When comparing the latest postoperative visual acuity to visual acuity after three months postoperatively, visual acuity was unchanged in 88%, in 10% it became worse and in 3 cases (1%) became better. In the postoperative period, recurrent vitreous hemorrhage occurred in 33 (13%) eyes, reproliferation in 12 eyes.Cataract developed in 45 of 168 phakic eyes. If postoperative visual acuity before cataract formation was good, extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation was performed. Otherwise simple intra or extracapsular cataract extraction was performed. In 19 cases cataract operation was performed together with silicone oil extraction. Neovascular glaucoma developed postoperatively in 15 eyes (6%). Retinal detachment occurred postoperatively in 21 eyes (8%). In 15 eyes the retina was successfully reattached after additional operations.     

增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变多次手术临床分析

目的：探讨增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体切割术后多次手术的原因及处理。方法：回顾性分析3a来因增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变行玻璃体切割术后需要再次手术的患者。结果：患者189眼术后需要再次进行手术的为24例26眼（占总观察眼数13.8%）。分别是：玻璃体再积血3眼,前房积血1眼,视网膜脱离11眼（占总观察眼数5.8%,占再手术眼42.3%,其中3眼合并新生血管性青光眼）,白内障6眼（占总观察眼数3.2%）,单纯硅油取出5眼。189眼中有6眼发生了新生血管性青光眼（3.2%）,6眼均为玻璃体晶状体联合手术或玻璃体切割术后又摘除白内障病例。2次手术19眼,3次或以上手术7眼（其中5眼合并视网膜脱离）。结论：发生视网膜脱离是糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体切割术后需要多次手术的主要原因;也占据需要3次或以上手术的主要部分。新生血管性青光眼的发生值得重视,出现视网膜脱离时要提高警惕,需要摘除晶状体时必须慎重。     

玻璃体切除联合白内障手术治疗55例PDR疗效分析

目的:评价玻璃体切除联合晶状体超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)的疗效及并发症。方法:回顾性分析55例68眼伴有白内障的PDR患者行玻璃体切除联合晶状体超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术的临床资料,观察术后视力改善程度及术中、术后并发症。结果:术后随访3～24(平均8.5)mo。51眼(75%)术后视力维持或改善,17眼(25%)视力下降,其中无光感6眼(9%);术中并发症为医源性视网膜裂孔15眼(22%);术后并发症:前房炎性反应30眼(44%),玻璃体积血11眼(16%),复发性视网膜脱离3眼(4%),虹膜红变5眼(7%),新生血管性青光眼2眼(3%);31眼(46%)术后需要继续眼内光凝。结论:玻璃体切除联合晶状体超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术治疗PDR,可使大多数患者的视力改善,手术是安全的,手术成功的关键为选择合适的患者,影响术后视力的主要因素为视网膜病变程度。     

A long-term follow-up of Eales’ disease

Purpose: To provide long-term follow-up information on Eales’ patients. Methods: Eales’ patients, who had been examined at varying periods between the years 1970 and 1991 with a minimum five-year follow-up, were included in the study. Results: A total of 130 patients were followed up for a minimum of five and a maximum of 26.5 years. The retinal lesions found during the first examination included vascular sheathing, disc and/or retinal neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, branch retinal vein occlusion, retinitis proliferans, and retinal detachment. Visual acuity improved in 37 (20%) of the 185 treated eyes, was maintained in 79 (43%), and worsened in 69 (37%). The complications were tractional detachment, cataract, rubeosis iridis, neovascular glaucoma, and phthisis bulbi. Conclusion: The most important elements in dealing with Eales’ disease are periodic follow-up, a good and adequate laser treatment, pars plana vitrectomy combined with procedures for nonclearing vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal vasoproliferative changes to stabilize the retinal lesions and maintain functional levels of vision.     

One hundred consecutive cases of pars plana vitrectomy with the vitreous stripper

The results of 100 consecutive cases of pars plana vitrectomy are reported. Vitrectomy was performed on accunt of complications of diabetic retinopathy (37 eyes), complicated retinal detachment (28 eyes), vitreous haemorrhage of various causes (17 eyes), vitreous haemorrhage and complications secondary to injuries (13 eyes) and secondary cataract or vitreous in the anterior chamber creating corneal dystrophy (5 eyes). With an average follow-up time of 14.2 months, vitrectomy resulted in visual improvement in 55 eyes, unchanged visual acuity in 24 eyes and reduced visual acuity in 21 eyes. The operative and postoperative complications were: secondary vitreous haemorrhage (11 eyes), retinal detachment (8 eyes), haemorrhagic glaucoma (7 eyes), retinal tears (5 eyes), lens injury (4 eyes), corneal dystrophy (2 eyes) and endophthalmitis (1 eye).     

有晶状体眼的全玻璃体切除术

目的 :探讨有晶状体眼切除全玻璃体的可能性及其效果。方法 :对 4 8例 ( 50只 )有晶状体眼患者 ,做标准经睫状体平部三通道玻璃体切除术 ,同时将基底部和睫状体平部玻璃体一起切除。其中裂孔性视网膜脱离 1 4只眼 (包括巨大裂孔 3只眼 ) ,闭合性眼外伤 4只眼和开放性眼外伤 1 1只眼 (包括化脓性眼内炎 2只眼 ) ,黄斑部疾病 7只眼 ,各种原因玻璃体出血 5只眼 ,静脉周围炎 4只眼 ,急性视网膜坏死综合征 3只眼 ,糖尿病性视网膜病变 2只眼。手术后定期检查视力、眼球前段、眼底和眼压 ,最后复诊时用压陷三面镜检查并在再次手术中探查睫状体平部。结果 :充分全玻璃体切除 38只眼 ,部分全玻璃体切除 1 2只眼。无巩膜穿刺孔玻璃体嵌顿和轻度嵌顿者占 86 % ,未发生前段增生性玻璃体视网膜病变。无咬伤晶状体和睫状体并发症。一次手术成功率是 90 % ,再次视网膜和玻璃体手术总的成功率是 94 % ,患者视力较术前明显提高 (P <0 .0 5)。主要并发症是医源性视网膜裂孔、角膜上皮水肿、巩膜穿刺孔并发症、青光眼、视网膜再脱离和术中术后白内障。结论 :有晶状体眼全玻璃体切除术切实可行 ,能预防或减少与巩膜穿刺孔相关的并发症和前段增生性玻璃体视网膜病变。     

聚四氢呋喃聚乳酸对孔源性视网膜脱离的治疗效果

目的 观察聚四氢呋喃聚乳酸(共聚物C₄)作为可降解玻璃体替代物对孔源性视网膜脱离的治疗效果。方法 32只健康有色成年家兔64只眼制成孔源性视网膜脱离模型，行玻璃体切割联合视网膜复位术，应用共聚物ct作为玻璃体替代物，观察视网膜复位情况及手术后并发症。 结果 手术后3个月，视网膜复位率96．4％，白内障发生率10．9％，青光眼发生率5．5％，共聚物乳化发生率10．2％。 结论 共聚物C₄可有效顶压视网膜裂孔3个月，是一种有价值的玻璃体替代物。 （中华眼底病杂志，2004，20：27-28）     

Combined lensectomy, vitrectomy and scleral fixation of intraocular lens implant after closed-globe injury.

PURPOSE: To describe our experience in the surgical management of cataracts in patients with complications of closed-globe injury using pars plana lensectomy (PPL), pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), and scleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed charts of all patients with closed-globe injury who underwent PPL, PPV and scleral fixation of PCIOL at our institution between January 1991 and July 1997. We identified 28 eyes; because of less than 2 weeks follow-up, 4 eyes were excluded from the current study. All eyes had lens subluxation/dislocation and visually significant cataract. Additional indications for surgery included secondary glaucoma (10 eyes), vitreous hemorrhage (3 eyes) and retinal detachment (1 eye). RESULTS: The postoperative follow-up interval ranged from 6 to 61 months (mean 18.5 months). Preoperative visual acuity (VA) ranged from 20/60 to hand motion and was 20/100 or better in 6 eyes (25%). Postoperatively, 19 eyes (79%) improved to 20/100 or better. Five eyes had subsequent surgery for the following indications: retinal detachment (2 eyes), poorly controlled glaucoma (2 eyes), and epiretinal membrane formation (1 eye). CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing PPL, PPV and scleral fixation of PCIOL for cataract after a closed-globe injury, a substantial visual improvement occurred in a majority of the involved eyes.     

Lensectomy for complicated cataract in juvenile chronic iridocyclitis.

Experience with the removal of complicated cataract by lensectomy in patients with juvenile chronic iridocyclitis (JCI) has so far been limited. The results of lensectomy were reviewed retrospectively in 131 patients with JCI (187 eyes). The mean follow up period was 5 years 4 months. The main operative complication was accidental loss of lens material into the vitreous cavity. The postoperative complications were glaucoma (23 eyes, 15%), phthisis (14 eyes, 8%), secondary pupillary membranes (11 eyes, 6%), and retinal detachment (six eyes, 3%). The incidence of postoperative phthisis was related to the level of intraocular pressure (IOP) at the time of surgery. Twenty four per cent of hypotonous eyes and 4% of eyes with normal or elevated IOP became phthisical. Visual acuity was improved in 77%, was worse in 13%, and unchanged in 10% of eyes. The main causes of a postoperative visual acuity of 6/60 or less were glaucoma, amblyopia, and phthisis. Lensectomy did not appear to alter the course of uveitis.     

眼弓蛔虫病诊断与鉴别诊断的临床研究

目的探讨眼弓蛔虫病(OT)诊断与鉴别诊断的方法。 方法收集2016年11月至2021年2月就诊于西安市人民医院(西安市第四医院)眼科，曾在外院误诊的OT患者11例(11只眼)进行研究。其中，男性7例(7只眼)，女性4例(4只眼)；年龄4~47岁，平均年龄(21.4±13.8)岁。采集患者病史，收集临床表现，就诊过程，影像学检查结果，眼内液检测结果。年龄和眼压以 ±s描述。职业、居住地、猫狗接触史、主诉、既往病史、视力、眼部表现、影像学检查结果、眼内液检测结果、诊断及鉴别诊断采用例数(眼数)和百分比进行描述。随访6个月，观察临床诊断是否有修正。 结果11例均为单眼患病。其中，18岁以下者6例(6只眼)，占54.55%(6/11)；18岁以上者5例(5只眼)，占45.45%(5/11)。有玻璃体混浊者11例(11只眼)，占100.00%(11/11)；玻璃体机化分层者7例(7只眼)，占63.64%(7/11)；玻璃体增殖及牵拉性视网膜脱离者4例(4只眼)，占36.36%(4/11)。超声生物显微镜(UBM)检查显示前部玻璃体混浊者4例(4只眼)，占36.36%(4/11)；睫状体后有异常高回声者3例(3只眼)，占27.27%(3/11)，提示周边肉芽肿形成。B型超声检查玻璃体可见异常回声者9例(9只眼)，占81.82%(9/11)。其中，表现为特异性的条索状或带状分层回声者5例(5只眼)，占45.45%(5/11)；表现为点团状回声者4例(4只眼)，占36.36%(4/11)。B型超声显示有牵拉性视网膜脱离者6例(6只眼)，占54.55%(6/11)。荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)显示视盘着染、荧光素渗漏及视网膜血管显著渗漏者6例(6只眼)，占54.55%(6/11)。其中，表现出视网膜毛细血管"羊齿蕨样"渗漏者3例(3只眼)，占27.27%(3/11)。光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检查结果显示显著黄斑水肿者3例(3只眼)，占27.27%(3/11)。首诊外院误诊为非感染性葡萄膜炎者4例(4只眼)，占36.36%(4/11)；陈旧性视网膜脱离者2例(2只眼)，占18.18%(2/11)；永存原始玻璃体增生症者2例(2只眼)，占18.18%(2/11)；视网膜母细胞瘤者1例(1只眼)，占9.09%(1/11)；黄斑水肿者1例(1只眼)，占9.09%(1/9)；Coat′s病伴新生血管型青光眼者1例(1只眼)，占9.09%(1/11)。眼内液弓蛔虫免疫球蛋白(Ig)G均远高于3U者7例(7只眼)，占63.64%(7/11)。11例(11只眼)OT分型为典型者9例(9只眼)，占81.82%(9/11)。其中，后极部肉芽肿型2例(2只眼)，占18.18%(2/11)；周边肉芽肿型4例(4只眼)，占36.36%(4/11)；眼内炎型3例(3只眼)，占27.27%(3/11)。OT分型为非典型者2例(2只眼)，占18.18%(2/11)。随访6个月以上，临床诊断无修正。 结论OT多为单眼发病，儿童和成人均可患病。OT临床表现复杂多样，可有后极部和(或)周边肉芽肿、眼内炎及玻璃体视网膜增殖等典型表现，B型超声和UBM检查可辅助诊断。也可仅表现为全葡萄膜炎或中间葡萄膜炎，伴黄斑水肿和视网膜毛细血管"羊齿蕨样"渗漏等非典型改变。眼内液弓蛔虫抗体检测对OT诊断具有重要价值。     

吊顶灯辅助下25G微创玻璃体切割手术治疗眼弓蛔虫病的疗效

目的：探讨吊顶灯辅助下25G微创玻璃体切割手术治疗眼弓蛔虫病（OT）的疗效，并分析术后并发 症。方法：回顾性系列病例研究。选择2014年12月至2019年2月在徐州市立医院眼科确诊为OT的 患者27例（27眼）。所有患者经过1～2个月的全身或局部皮质类固醇治疗后接受了25G微创玻璃体 切割手术，避开周边病灶区放置灌注管和吊顶灯，切除玻璃体及牵拉条索，根据术中视网膜情况予 激光光凝、气液交换、玻璃体腔填充空气或C3F8或硅油，部分联合晶状体摘除、环扎术。分析患者 的临床特征、光学相干断层扫描（OCT）、眼底照相检查、治疗情况和术后并发症等，计算术后随访 期内葡萄膜炎复发率和一次性视网膜解剖复位率。对手术前与末次随访最佳矫正视力（BCVA）进行 t检验分析。结果：27例患者中周边部肉芽肿型11眼，后极部肉芽肿型11眼，眼内炎型5眼。伴视网 膜前膜（ERM）23眼；伴牵拉性视网膜脱离（TRD）13眼，其中TRD合并ERM 11眼，单纯TRD 2眼。 术后随访6～44（17.6±11.0）个月。术后早期低眼压4眼（15%），高眼压1眼（4%）。伴TRD的13眼中 11眼经一次手术即实现解剖复位，一次性视网膜复位率为85%；伴ERM的23眼中术后复发2眼（9%）； 术后视网膜脱离2眼（7%），术后并发白内障3眼（11%）。27眼中有4眼（15%）于术后1～5个月炎症复发， 其中1眼经再次手术后炎症消退，另外3眼予全身及局部皮质类固醇治疗2个月内炎症得到控制。术 前及术后末次随访BCVA（logMAR）分别为1.46±0.66、1.13±0.66，术后视力较术前明显提高，差 异有统计学意义（t=4.009，P<0.001）。结论：吊顶灯辅助下25G微创玻璃体切割手术治疗眼弓蛔虫病 可有效控制葡萄膜炎症，获得较满意的疗效。     

Short-term outcomes in eyes with posterior capsule rupture during cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To determine the short-term outcomes in eyes with posterior capsule rupture (PCR) during cataract surgery. SETTING: The Eye Institute, National Healthcare Group, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. METHODS: All intraoperative complications during cataract surgery were reported prospectively as part of a clinical audit program. The clinical charts of all patients who had PCR during cataract surgery from July 1995 to December 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Posterior capsule rupture occurred in 155 (1.9%) of 8230 consecutive eyes that had extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) or phacoemulsification. Thirteen cases were excluded from analysis for missing data or insufficient follow-up. Of the remaining 142 eyes, 100 (70.4%) achieved a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 6/12 or better between 6 weeks and 3 months postoperatively. Excluding 27 eyes with preexisting ocular pathology contributing to impaired vision, 87.0% achieved a BCVA of 6/12 or better. Fifteen eyes (13.0%) failed to achieve that acuity because of cystoid macular edema (CME) (2 eyes), posterior capsule opacification (2 eyes), endophthalmitis (1 eye), glaucoma (1 eye), retinal detachment (1 eye), CME, central retinal artery occlusion, and vitreous hemorrhage (1 eye) or unknown reasons (7 eyes). Risk factors for a poor visual outcome included older age, presence of coexisting ocular pathology, ECCE, implantation of an anterior chamber intraocular lens, and vitreous loss requiring anterior vitrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Most eyes with PCR achieved a good BCVA in the early postoperative period.     

婴幼儿白内障合并玻璃体异常的临床特点和病因分析

目的 探讨婴幼儿白内障合并玻璃体异常的临床特点和病因。设计 回顾性、非对照病例研究。研究对象 84例（114眼）3岁以下眼部彩色多普勒超声检查提示玻璃体异常的婴幼儿白内障患儿。方法 回顾性总结2013年1月至2014年7月在北京同仁医院眼科接受手术治疗的3岁以下合并玻璃体异常的婴幼儿白内障患儿。记录患儿月龄、主诉、体征、超声检查及超声诊断、术后确定诊断、既往史、家族史和母亲孕产史,对婴幼儿白内障合并玻璃体异常的病因和临床特点进行分析。主要指标 月龄、症状、病程、体征、超声表现及超声诊断、确定诊断。结果 在84例（114眼）患儿中,发病月龄0~15个月,平均（2.7±3.0）个月,确诊月龄2~20个月,平均（7.8±4.2）个月。81例（96.4%）为家长发现异常,3例（3.6%）为体检查出异常。主要首发症状为白瞳39例（46.4%）,不追物 16例（19.0%）,斜视10例（11.9%）,双眼不等大7例（8.3%）。白内障表现为全白内障75眼（65.8%）,后极性白内障38眼（33.3%）,膜性白内障1眼（0.9%）,可伴有眼球震颤、斜视、小眼球、浅前房、继发性青光眼、瞳孔残膜、牵拉性视网膜脱离、脉络膜缺损等。超声诊断为永存原始玻璃体增生症（PHPV）111眼（97.4%）,视网膜脱离 3眼（2.6%）。术后明确病因为 PHPV 76眼（66.7%）,家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变14眼（12.3%）,先天性白内障24眼（21.0%）。69.3%患眼超声诊断与术后诊断一致。结论 婴幼儿白内障合并玻璃体异常患儿就诊时月龄较大,多以家长发现白瞳就诊,可伴有多种眼部异常,术前眼部彩色多普勒超声检查有助于发现玻璃体视网膜病变。（眼科,2015, 24： 103 -107）     

玻璃体抽吸术在药物难控制性急性闭角型青光眼治疗中的应用

目的:探讨玻璃体抽吸术在药物难控制性急性闭角型青光眼治疗中的作用。方法:回顾分析我院住院患者共60例60眼,男28例,女32例,入院诊断符合急性闭角型青光眼发作期临床特征,且药物治疗24h后眼压仍>21mmHg的急性闭角型青光眼患者,其中控制眼压为21～35mmHg者26眼(43%),眼压～50mmHg者18眼(30%),50mmHg以上者16眼(27%)。视力范围为光感～0.3。所有患者行局部麻醉下睫状体平坦部玻璃体抽吸术治疗,吸出玻璃体液0.4～1.0mL,术后继续观察眼压、视力、前房深度变化,眼压控制稳定后分别进行单纯抗青光眼术、青光眼白内障联合人工晶状体置换术,或白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术。出院后门诊观察,随访6～12mo。结果:患者60例60眼急性闭角性青光眼行玻璃体抽吸术后,第3d检测眼压≤21mmHg者14眼(23%),眼压为～35mmHg者29眼(48%),眼压～50mmHg者13眼(22%),眼压>50mmHg者4眼(7%);抽吸术后视力增加2行的为28眼(47%),视力增加1行的24眼(40%),视力不增加的8眼(13%);58眼前房深度增加(97%);抽吸术后并发前房出血16眼(27%)。眼压控制稳定后分别进行单纯抗青光眼术14眼,青光眼白内障联合人工晶状体置换术28眼,白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术18眼。观察随访6～12mo,眼压控制≤17mmHg者54眼,眼压≤21mmHg者4眼,眼压为～35mmHg者2眼,未见视网膜脱离、黄斑囊样水肿等并发症。结论:玻璃体抽吸术应用在药物难控制性急性闭角型青光眼能明显降低眼压,为各种青光眼手术的治疗实施提供安全可靠的条件,有助于视功能保护和恢复,提高疗效。     

Vitrectomy in Terson syndrome. Report of 18 cases]

A vitrectomy was performed in 18 eyes (15 patients) with vitreous hemorrhages due to Terson's syndrome. The average age of the patients was 46.5 +/- 14.4 years. The mean interval between the acute event of an intracranial hemorrhage and the vitrectomy was 6.8 +/- 4.9 months. The vitreous hemorrhage was associated with epiretinal membranes in 3, PVR in 2, and retinal breaks and/or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in 3 eyes. The vitrectomy had to be combined with membrane peeling in 2, encircling procedures or exoplants in 4, cryotherapy in 5, endolaser in 1, and air/SF6 gas filling in 3 eyes. A missing or incomplete posterior vitreous detachment in 8 eyes was associated with a higher risk of PVR and retinal detachment. Two eyes with this condition needed 3 secondary operations. The mean follow-up duration was 32 (1 to 126) months. Two patients died 4 and 11 months after the operation. The visual acuity improved significantly following vitrectomy in all 18 eyes. The final visual acuity was better than 20/40 in 73% and 20/25 to 20/20 in 56%. The initial postoperative visual acuity decreased later on due to nuclear cataract in 7 of 10 eyes of patients over 45 years of age. A complicated cataract developed in only 1 of 8 eyes of younger patients who maintained a mean visual acuity of 20/25. Vitrectomy for Terson's syndrome is recommended in bilateral cases without spontaneous clearing of the vitreous within 3 months, as well as in cases with PVR and imminent retinal detachment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Vitreous loss during phacoemulsification in glaucoma patients: long-term intraocular pressure control

PURPOSE: To assess the long-term effect of vitreous loss during phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure (IOP) control in glaucoma patients. SETTING: Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom. METHODS: In this study, 26 glaucoma cases with vitreous loss during phacoemulsification were identified from operative room records. The cases were performed from January 1999 to December 2001. Minimum follow-up was 12 months. Postoperative IOP control in eyes with vitreous loss (Group 1) was assessed and compared with that in stable fellow eyes (Group 2), which served as controls. Another control group (Group 3) comprised patients with primary open-angle glaucoma who had successful phacoemulsification. Case notes of 22 patients from the same period fulfilled these criteria. RESULTS: The 3 groups were comparable in age, sex, laterality, ethnicity, mean IOP, and mean number of medications preoperatively. Twelve months after surgery, 43.2% in Group 1, 23.1% in Group 2 (P<.05) and 4.5% in Group 3 had significantly worse IOP; the differences between Group 1 and Groups 2 and 3 were statistically significant (P<.05). Intraocular pressure control was significantly better in Group 3 than in Group 2 (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Vitreous loss during cataract surgery in glaucoma patients adversely affected IOP control in the long term. Results suggest that uneventful cataract surgery in glaucoma patients improves IOP control.     

Referral delay and ocular surgical outcome in Terson syndrome

BACKGROUND: In Terson syndrome, vitreous hemorrhage can result from intracranial hypertension associated with intracranial bleeding. The vitreous hemorrhage can cause a considerable visual handicap. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of surgery in patients with Terson syndrome and any delay in referral to an ophthalmologist. METHODS: Retrospective case review of 25 eyes of 17 patients undergoing vitrectomy for Terson syndrome. Delay in presentation to an ophthalmologist, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and the final visual acuity were noted. RESULTS: The mean interval between visual symptoms and referral to an ophthalmologist was 5.2 months for the nine unilateral cases and 4.9 months for the eight bilateral cases. Intraoperative complications included retinal break (2) and retinal dialysis (3). Late complications included epiretinal membrane (4), ghost cell glaucoma (1), and cataract (8). Twenty-two of the 25 eyes achieved a final visual acuity of 20/30 or better. CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage in Terson syndrome is a safe and effective procedure, offering a rapid and prolonged improvement in vision. There is good reason to consider early vitrectomy, particularly when the hemorrhage is bilateral and dense.