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从天台县疫区捕获的14194只小兽中,经IFAT检查为阳性的有484只,总阳性率为3.41%,室内总带病毒率为3.88%,野外总带病毒率为2.99%,二者有显著差异(x~2=8.533,P<0.01)。在13种小兽中发现9种自然携带EHF病毒抗原,它们是褐家鼠、黑线姬鼠、大足鼠、小家鼠、黄胸鼠、罗赛鼠、东方田鼠和臭鼩(鼠胄)、灰麝鼩。其中褐家鼠和黑线姬鼠数量最多、带病毒率高,是本地EHF病毒的主要贮存宿主;其带病毒率的季节波动与人群发病率的季节波动相吻合,是本县EHF的主要传染源。监测表明,EHF是属于多宿主动物源性的自然疫源性疾病;本地EHF疫区类型可能属于姬鼠和家鼠混合型。 相似文献
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1984年8月、10~11月,用间接免疫荧光法检测上海市8个县、6个区捕获的啮齿类和食虫目,除宝山、崇明两县和6个区未检出EHF带毒动物,其它6个县均发现EHF带毒动物,其中发现5个县褐家鼠、2个县黑线姬鼠、黄胸鼠和鼩鼱肺组织携带病毒抗原,用EHF病人双份血清检阳性肺组织抗原具有特异性,证实了本市EHF的主要传染源为褐家鼠和黑线姬鼠。 相似文献
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目的 了解三峡库区涪陵段沿江地区黑线姬鼠携带汉坦病毒(HV)抗原情况。为三峡库区蓄水后防治肾综合征出血热(HFRS)提供依据。方法 捕鼠用鼠夹法,抗原检测用IFAT法。结果 各调查点布放23956夹次,捕获黑线姬鼠1248只,捕获率为5.21%;检测鼠肺1172只,阳性64只,阳性率为5.46%。不同高度黑线姬鼠携带HV抗原无差别,黑线姬鼠年龄组和性别及不同月份携带HV抗原差异有显著性。结论 黑线姬鼠密度及携带HV抗原高低与HFRS发病有着密切关系。 相似文献
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陈抗生 《公共卫生与预防医学》1993,4(4):10-11,17
1979~1992年流行性出血热(EHF)监测结果:野鼠密度与EHF发病率呈正相关,野外鼠带毒率为15.74%,显著高于室内鼠带毒率8.94%,其中黑线姬鼠病毒携带率最高,为16.17%,显著高于褐家鼠带毒率10.13%,并认为黑线姬鼠可能是动物间EHF病毒的主要宿主,而褐家鼠可能是鼠与人之间EHF的主要媒介和传染源。 相似文献
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本文根据集安市1974~1989年 EHF 发病情况,分析了其分布特征和流行趋势。平均发病率为3.93/10万,病例多呈散发,发病季节呈双峰型。通过宿主动物的血清学调查,从黑线姬鼠查示 EHF 抗原,其抗原阳性检出率力1.08%;EHF 抗体阳性鼠种为黑线姬鼠、褐家鼠、巢鼠、其抗体阳性率分别为2.68%、3.13%、12.6%。调查确认集安市有 EHF 自然源地的存在,并呈多宿主性。 相似文献
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长春市家栖鼠传播肾综合征出血热调查 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
目的通过分析长春市家栖鼠传播肾综合征出血热(HFRS)特征,为科学指导HFRS防制提供依据。方法鼠情监测采用夹夜法,将鼠肺切片,用免疫荧光法测定病毒抗原。结果长春市家栖鼠类群落由褐家鼠、大林姬鼠、小家鼠、黑线姬鼠、大仓鼠、东方田鼠、布氏田鼠、黑线仓鼠组成,平均鼠密度7.0%,褐家鼠为优势种,且该鼠带病毒率最高。结论褐家鼠是长春城市和农村居民区鼠害防制的重点鼠种,也是HFRS主要宿主动物。 相似文献
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Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years. 相似文献
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C L Rümke 《Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde》1985,129(51):2469-2471
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Leon Braier Ashley Levy Klaus Dror Asher Pardo 《American journal of industrial medicine》1981,2(2):119-123
Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood. 相似文献
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Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma. 相似文献
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《Journal of food composition and analysis》2000,13(4):505-510
Results from a study conducted in Italy concerning the updating of composition data of beef consumed in Italy are reported here. The study required a very wide sampling plan with regard to both animals and cuts to analyse. Data related to lipid composition of the most widely used type of beef consumed in Italy (young bull, 16–22 months old) show a reduction in total lipid content (which, according to the cuts, ranges between 1.8 and 10.2%) and a substantial change in fatty acid composition, with a high % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mean 20% of total fatty acids). Such data have been confirmed by other studies conducted in Italy, and are in contrast with data reported in the tables of food composition from other countries, reporting a fatty acid composition characterized by a high fatty acid saturation degree. The occurrence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is probably due to the high ratio of phospholipids: triglycerides, occurring when the content in intramuscular lipid is very low; to the young age of animals; to the reduced activity of the rumen, where saturation of fatty acids occurs. It may be concluded that a fatty acid composition, which is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, seems typical for Italian products. 相似文献
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Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors. 相似文献
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This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965. 相似文献