胎心监护联合脐血血气分析及Apgar评分预测羊水粪染新生儿窒息的临床价值

目的：探讨胎心监护联合脐动脉血气分析及Apgar评分对羊水粪染窒息新生儿的预测价值。方法对585例羊水粪染新生儿进行分娩前胎心监护,出生后立即采集脐动脉血进行pH值测定,进行Apgar评分,分析3项指标与脏器损伤的关系,以及三者联合诊断羊水粪染新生儿窒息的灵敏度、特异度及符合率。结果585例羊水粪染新生儿中共确诊窒息49例,占8．4％。随着pH值、Apgar评分的降低出现脏器损伤的新生儿比例升高（P＜0．05）,胎心监护异常组的脏器损伤发生率较正常组明显升高（ P＜0．05）。低Apgar评分（≤7分）联合异常胎心监护、脐动脉血pH值＜7诊断羊水粪染新生儿窒息的敏感性为44．9％,特异性为100．0％,符合率为57．1％;低Apgar评分联合脐动脉血pH值＜7．2、异常胎心监护诊断窒息的敏感性为83．7％,特异性为78．6％,符合率为82．5％。结论胎心监护联合脐动脉血气分析、Apgar评分可有效地预测评价羊水粪染新生儿窒息,为窒息新生儿及时采取正确的治疗措施提供了可靠的依据。     

脐血pH值与新生儿预后的临床分析

目的探讨胎儿脐动脉血pH值对胎儿宫内缺氧及新生儿预后的临床意义。方法选择570例产妇正常分娩的新生儿,新生儿出生后根据1 min Apgar评分分为对照组(441例,>7分)和研究组(窒息组,129例,≤7分);根据羊水性状分为正常组、轻度粪染组(Ⅰ°～Ⅱ°粪染)和重度粪染组(Ⅲ°粪染)。抽取脐动脉血测定pH值,结合羊水性状,评估胎儿脐血pH值与胎儿宫内缺氧及新生儿预后的关系。结果研究组脐血pH值低于对照组(<0.01)。羊水正常组和轻度粪染组胎儿脐血pH值差异无统计学意义(>0.05),羊水正常组和轻度粪染组与羊水重度粪染组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均<0.05)。脐血pH值与Apgar评分呈正相关(=0.83,<0.05)。结论:脐血pH值可以直接反映胎儿宫内缺氧程度和评估新生儿预后,对提高存活儿生存质量有重要意义。     

胎儿血氧饱和度监测在产程中的应用及临床意义

目的研究胎儿血氧饱和度（FSaO2）监测方法在产程中的应用，探讨其对诊断胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息方面的临床意义。方法监测产程不同时段FSaO2值，监护并记录胎心率-宫缩曲线图（CTG），观察羊水粪染情况，分娩后脐血血气分析，并观察新生儿Apgar评分。结果①FSaO2值在CTG正常及CTG异常时其差异有极显著性意义；②羊水清亮者FSaO2值与羊水粪染Ⅱ～Ⅲ度者FSaO2值比较，差异有显著性意义；③FSaO2值％30％作为诊断标准预测胎儿酸中毒、新生儿窒息，其准确性高于CTG、羊水粪染观测方法。结论FSaO2能较为准确地反应胎儿氧合状态及酸碱平衡状态，FSaO2及CTG联合使用，结合羊水性状观察能更为准确地预测胎儿、新生儿情况。     

羊水粪染程度及其危害的观察研究

目的：观察研究羊水粪染与胎儿宫内窘迫的关系。方法：随机选择羊水粪染Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度者各80例，与80例正常羊水产妇作对照，并行胎心电子监护及新生儿血气分析。结果：羊水粪染率12.5％。羊水Ⅲ度粪染率：酸中毒组显著高于酸中毒前期组和无酸中毒组；胎心监护异常率：酸中毒组显著高于酸中毒前期组和无酸中毒组。表明羊水粪染程度与酸中毒及胎心异常明显相关。新生儿窒息率、新生儿胎粪吸入综合征和新生儿死亡率酸中毒组均显著高于酸中毒前期组及无酸中毒组。结论：羊水Ⅲ度粪染有明确的胎儿宫内窘迫，提示胎儿明显缺氧，应尽快终止妊娠；Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度粪染者应严密加强胎心电子监护，不必过早干预。     

不同分娩方式羊水粪染对新生儿脐血促甲状腺素及甲状腺素水平的影响

方法：采用放射免疫纸片法测定321例新生儿混合血TSH和T4水平，以了解它们之间的影响因素，结果：（1）阴道分娩TSH水平明显高于剖宫产，P＜0．001，T4水平无差异，P＞0．05，羊水粪染阴道分娩与羊水粪染剖宫产TSH和T4水平结果与上述一致。（2）羊水粪染生（剖）产新生儿脐血TSH和T4与正常生（剖）产新生儿脐血TSH和T4无显性差异，P＞0．05，二组新生儿体重无显性差异，P＞0．05，（3）阴道分娩新生儿窒息脐血TSH水平明显高于正常阴道分娩和羊水粪染阴道分娩新生儿脐血TSH水平，P＜0．01，T4无显性差异，提示，羊水粪染对新生儿脐血TSH和T4水平无影响，羊水粪染新生儿脐血TSH与新生儿窒息脐血TSH改变不一致，单一羊水粪染不能作为急性胎儿宫内窘迫指标。     

羊水粪染程度与胎儿宫内窘迫关系的临床研究

目的：探讨羊水粪染与胎儿宫内窘迫的关系。方法 随机选择羊水粪染Ⅰ度，Ⅱ度，Ⅲ度者各60例，进行胎心监护及新生儿血气分析，并以60例羊水正常的产妇作对照。结果 羊水Ⅱ度以上粪染率；酸中毒组显著高于酸中毒前期组和无酸中毒组。胎心异常率：酸中毒组组明显高于酸中毒前期组和无酸中毒组。新生儿窒息率；酸中毒组明显高于酸中毒前期组和无酸中毒组，新生儿胎粪吸入综合症和新生儿死亡率酸中毒组明显高于酸中毒前期组及无酸中毒组。结论 羊水粪染程度与新生儿酸中毒及胎心异常明显相关；酸中毒与新生儿窒息率，新生儿胎粪吸入综合症和新生儿死亡率显著相关。临床上应高度重视Ⅱ度以上的羊水污染，对羊水Ⅲ度粪染且有胎儿明显缺氧者，应尽快终止妊娠，对Ⅰ度粪染者应加强胎心电子监护，不必过早干预。     

无应激试验预测羊水过少围生儿预后

目的：探讨无应激试验（NST）对待发羊水过少围生儿预后的预测价值。方法：回顾性分析136例原因不明性羊水过少孕妇的临床资料。记录其NST监测结果，对比分析新生儿Apgar评分、羊水粪染情况，胎儿宫内窘迫、胎粪吸入综合征（MAS）及围生儿死亡情况，结果：NST异常者新生儿Apgar评分显著降低（P＜0．001）。羊水粪染率，胎儿宫内窘迫及MAS发生率和围生儿死亡率均显著升高（P＜0．005）。结论：NST异常可作为预测特发性羊水过少孕妇围生儿预后不良的指标。     

脐动脉血pH、羊水性状等指标联合诊断新生儿窒息并发多器官损伤的临床研究

目的探讨脐动脉血pH、羊水性状等指标联合诊断新生儿窒息并发多器官损伤的临床研究。方法 选取我院2018 年5 月～2019 年12 月新生儿窒息并发多器官损伤患儿60 例作为观察组,同期选取健康新生儿60 例作为对照组,均予脐动脉血pH、羊水性状、Apgar 评分联合检测,比较分析检测结果。结果 联合检测阳性符合率为100.0%,高于单独Apgar 评分阳性符合率的50.00%、单独脐动脉血pH 诊断阳性符合率的58.33%和单独羊水性状诊断阳性符合率的66.67%（P＜0.05）;轻度窒息伴多器官损伤发生率低于重度窒息（P＜0.05）;轻度窒息患儿酸中毒、窒息危险因素发生率与重度窒息患儿比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;观察组1 min Apgar 评分及pH 值均低于对照组,且观察组BE 值高于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组5 min Apgar 评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 脐动脉血pH、羊水性状、Apgar 评分联合诊断新生儿窒息并发多器官损伤的临床效果显著,可明确患儿病情,提升诊断准确性,值得推广。     

足月妊娠脐动脉血流S／D值介于2．5～3．0间的围产儿结局分析

目的研究足月妊娠胎儿脐动脉血流S／D值介于2．5～5．0间的围产儿结局。方法将360例足月妊娠妇女根据分娩前脐动脉血流S／D值分成两组，即S／D值介于2．5～3．0的42例为研究组，S／D值〈2．5的318例为对照组，记录分娩结局：新生儿Apgar评分、羊水粪染、新生儿体重及脐带绕颈等指标。结果围产儿不良结局（羊水11度以上，Apgar评分低于7分，出生体重〈2500g）发生率，研究组59．52％（25／42），对照组22．33％（71／318），两组比较差异有显著性（χ^=26．25，P〈0．005）；研究组的新生儿出生体重（3105±578）g显著低于对照组（3350±475），（t=2．84，P〈0．005）。结论对于足月妊娠脐动脉血流S／D值介于2．5～3．0的胎儿，要加强监护，动态观察，避免围产儿不良结局的发生。     

胎儿窘迫的相关因素分析

目的 探讨脐动脉血气分析分别与产妇血气分析、新生儿Apgar评分、羊水和脐血流S/D的相关性. 方法 随机选择单胎足月分娩的60例新生儿,产前做脐血流S/D比值,出生后做脐动脉血气分析,行出生后1分钟的Apgar评分,判定羊水量及羊水颜色,对几项监测结果进行比较.结果 母血气PH值与脐动脉血气分析PH值有相关性(P <0.05);母血PO2与脐血PO2( P >0.05)无显著性意义;羊水、Apgar评分、以及S/D与脐血PH值( P >0.05)均无显著性意义.结论 脐动脉血气分析是检测胎儿缺氧,反映胎儿是否酸中毒的重要指标.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.