烟草中的微量元素硒对焦油中自由基的清除研究

采用电子自旋共振波谱法 ( ESR)和原子荧光光谱法 ( AFS) ,通过对烟草中的天然硒与焦油中自由基的浓度的对应关系的研究 ,重点探讨烟草中的微量元素硒对焦油中的自由基的清除作用     

冬瓜籽水提取物抗氧化作用研究

研究了冬瓜籽水提取物对Fenton反应羟自由基、光照核黄素超氧自由基的清除作用,以及对脂质过氧化的抑制作用。研究表明,冬瓜籽水提取物具有优良的清除羟自由基、超氧自由基作用及抗体外脂质过氧化作用。     

锌,硒单独与联合作用对镉毒性拮抗作用的研究

本研究对镉，锌，硒单独或同时给与时相互之间的作用及影响进行了测定，以观察锌，硒对镉毒性的拮抗，实验中把４０只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠分为镉，镉锌，镉硒，镉锌硒及对照共五组，观察指标为大鼠体重变化；血清，镉，硒，锌；尿：镉，硒，锌；尿蛋白及血清碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ），结果进行统计学处理后表明：加入锌，硒后，镉中毒的大鼠体重回升，血镉下降，尿蛋白下降，血清ＡＫＰ回升，尿镉排出增加，提示锌，硒对镉中毒表现有拮抗作     

硒对急性镉中毒性肾损伤保护作用的研究

研究硒对急性镉中毒性肾损伤的保护作用。给大鼠腹腔注射镉（ＣｄＣｌ２１５μｍｏｌ／ｋｇ）与巯基乙醇（ｍｅｒｃａｐｔｏｅｔｈａｌ，ＭＥ３００μｍｏｌ／ｋｇ）混合液的同时，皮下注射硒（Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３１５μｍｏｌ／ｋｇ）。结果显示：加硒能明显降低肾皮质镉含量，降低肾线粒体、胞浆氧自由基含量，并可拮抗镉所致大鼠线粒体的脂质过氧化物含量，使ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性在１２小时后显著升高；同时使镉所致肾功能及超微结构损伤得到改善。提示硒可能通过抗氧化作用来防治镉所致肾损伤。     

富硒螺旋藻清除氧自由基的初步研究

目的与方法:采用化学发光法研究富硒螺旋藻提取液、硒藻蓝蛋白、硒藻多糖、亚硒酸钠对超氧阴离子(_O2?)和羟自由基(·OH)的清除作用。结果:当体系中提取液浓度达400μg/ml时,富硒比未富硒螺旋藻提取液对_O2?的清除率提高30%,对·OH的清除率提高20%;硒藻蓝蛋白_比藻蓝蛋白对_O2?和·OH的清除作用有所提高,并呈现明显的剂量相关性,O2?50%清除率蛋白浓度为500μg/ml,·OH50%清除率蛋白浓度为125μg/ml;硒藻多糖对氧自由基具有极强的清除效率,_O2?和·OH50%清除率时的浓度分别为12μg/ml和60μg/ml;另外,在实验浓度范围,未检测到亚硒酸钠对超_O2?和·OH具有清除作用。结论:富硒螺旋藻可能因硒的代谢而产生活性有机硒态如硒藻蓝蛋白、硒多糖等,从而提高其清除自由基活性。     

含硒含硫氨基酸清除超氧阴离子自由基的研究

目的通过硒代胱氨酸、硒代蛋氨酸和胱氨酸对超氧自由基(O_2·)的清除能力对比实验,研究含硒含硫氨基酸的抗氧化作用。方法采用核黄素-蛋氨酸光照法测定含硒含硫氨基酸清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力。结果清除O 2_·能力的强弱顺序为硒代胱氨酸>胱氨酸>硒代蛋氨酸。以硒代蛋氨酸代替核黄素-蛋氨酸光照体系中的蛋氨酸,发现两物质虽然结构相似,但是硒代蛋氨酸供电子能力不如蛋氨酸。结论硒代胱氨酸、硒代蛋氨酸、胱氨酸均能直接清除VB2产生的O_2·。蛋氨酸作为电子供体,可促进VB2光分解产生O_2·,而硒代蛋氨酸则直接清除VB2光分解后产生的O·_2。     

桔梗多糖软模板法制备纳米硒的抗氧化及抗肿瘤活性研究

目的:研究纳米硒的抗氧化及抗肿瘤活性。方法:以桔梗多糖为模板在温和的条件下制备纳米硒(Nano Se0)。采用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定纳米硒—桔梗多糖对超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用,水杨酸法测定羟自由基清除作用,紫外法测定DPPH自由基清除作用,MTT法研究其体外抗肿瘤活性。结果:纳米硒和桔梗多糖均显示出与浓度正相关的抗氧化活性,且纳米硒的抗氧化活性比桔梗多糖更强。纳米硒对Hep G-2细胞显示出更强的体外抗肿瘤活性,IC50值为123.7μg/ml。结论:纳米硒—桔梗多糖具有很强的抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性,为开发纳米硒—桔梗多糖的功能产品提供理论支撑。     

纳米硒:为健康“保驾护航”

硒是人体必需的微量元素,硒能清除体内过剩的活性氧自由基,起到抗氧化、调节免疫等作用。那么,人们应该怎样补硒,才安全、有效呢?含硒酶:抗氧化保健康氧化应激的概念最早源于人类对衰老的认识。氧化应激是指机体在遭受各种有害刺激时,体内活性氧自由基产生过多,氧化程度超出氧化物清除程度,从而导致的组织损伤。人体几乎所有器官都容易受到氧化应激带来的伤害,症状表现多样,如疲倦、全身无力、肌肉     

车前草水煎液对氧自由基清除作用的研究

目的　研究车前草对氧自由基的清除作用。　方法　利用邻苯三酚自氧化体系产生超氧阴离子自由基 ( O·2 )及邻二氮菲 Fe2 / H2 O2 体系产生羟自由基 (· OH) ,采用分光光度法研究鲜车前草和干车前草水煎液对氧自由基的清除作用。　结果　鲜车前草及干车前草水煎液对 O·2 和·OH均有显著的清除作用 ( P<0 .0 1)。鲜车前草和干车前草水煎液对氧自由基清除作用无显著差异 ( P>0 .0 5 )。　结论　车前草抗氧自由基的药理作用可开发利用     

余甘子提取物抗氧化作用研究

通过Fenton反应产生羟基自由基,光照核黄素体系产生氧自由基,以分光光度法测定余甘子提取物对羟基自由基、氧自由基的清除作用,以及对羟基自由基诱导脂质氧化的抑制作用。结果余甘子提取物对.OH的最大清除率分别为79.4%、63.2%,对脂质氧化最高抑制率为61.0%,余甘子提取物具有良好的清除自由基和抗氧化作用。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.