EBT检测对冠脉病变危险因素的价值

目的:应用电子束CT（EBT）心脏扫描,了解受检者冠脉病变的发生情况,分析冠脉病变发生的危险因素。方法:107例受试者行心脏EBT扫描,计算冠脉钙化发生率、钙化积分、冠脉狭窄支数和软斑数,同时收集血糖、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1 c）、血脂等相关临床信息,进行冠脉病变危险因素的分析。结果:糖耐量受损组、糖尿病组、高血压病组冠脉钙化发生率较正常对照组显著升高（93%,96%,90%vs56%,P<0.01）。钙化积分有明显升高趋势,但统计学检验无显著性差异。冠脉狭窄支数和软斑数显著增加（2.2±2.0,3.0±1.9,2.2±1.1vs0.5±1.3,P<0.05和2.5±2.4,2.9±1.8,2.3±1.8vs0.5±1.2,P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析,发现糖尿病、高血压两因素对冠脉病变的影响有统计学意义（P<0.05）,OR值分别为7.514（95%可信区间0.88563.778）、6.653（95%可信区间1.34432.928）。结论:糖尿病、高血压病患者发生冠脉病变有高度的危险性。     

血清YKL-40水平与2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变程度的相关性

目的探讨血清YKL-40水平与2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变程度的关系。方法选择因心绞痛行冠状动脉造影的2型糖尿病患者197例,根据造影结果,冠状动脉正常为对照组(n=89),冠状动脉病变为冠心病组(n=108)。根据冠状动脉病变支数分为单支病变、双支病变和三支病变;Gensini积分评价冠状动脉病变狭窄程度。ELISA测定血清YKL-40和高敏C反应蛋白水平(hs-CRP)。结果冠心病组和对照组间血清YKL-40、hs-CRP、收缩压、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白B、脂蛋白(a)、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平及吸烟率存在明显的差异(P<0.05)。不同冠状动脉病变支数组血清YKL-40水平和Gensini积分存在显著差异(P<0.01);血清YKL-40与Gensini积分存在明显相关性(r=0.611,P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,血清YKL-40是2型糖尿病患者罹患冠心病的危险因素(OR=1.229,95%CI为1.086～1.427,P=0.003)。结论 YKL-40可能参与2型糖尿病粥样硬化的发生发展过程,血清YKL-40水平与2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变的严重性相关。     

胱抑素C水平与冠心病的相关性研究

目的了解胱抑素C水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。方法选择疑诊冠心病且行选择性冠状动脉造影的冠心病患者114例(冠心病组).根据临床病史和冠状动脉造影结果分为2组:急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronarysyndromes,ACS)组73例,稳定性心绞痛(stable angina pectoris,SAP)组41例;另选择非冠心病(冠状动脉造影阴性)患者38例作为对照组。采用Gensini评分系统对冠状动脉病变程度进行评分。应用免疫比浊法测定血清胱抑素C水平。分析血清胱抑素C水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度及病变支数的相互关系。结果 ACS组和SAP组血清胱抑素C水平明显高于对照组[(2.2±3.5)mg/L vs(1.6±4.1)mg/L vs(0.7±2.9)mg/L,P<0.01].且ACS组血清胱抑素C水平明显高于SAP组(P<0.05)。Gcnsini积分≥30分患者血清胱抑素C水平明显高于Gensini积分<30分患者[(2.6±2.7)mg/L vs(1.8±5.2)mg/L,P<0.01]。3支病变患者血清胱抑紊C水平和Gensini积分较单支病变和双支病变患者明显增高[(2.8±1.8)mg/L vs(1.9±3.4)mg/L vs(2.1±4.1)mg/L;(49±16)分v5(17±9)分vs(28±1 8)分,P<0.05,P<0.01];双支病变患者Gensin积分较单支病变患者明显增高(P<0.01);而单支病变与双支病变患者血清胱抑素C水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。血清胱抑素C水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度Gensini积分呈正相关(r=0.673,P<0.01)。结论胱抑素C水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度及病变支数显著相关,胱抑素C水平可以作为评价冠状动脉病变严重程度的一个指标。     

非糖尿病合并冠心病患者血浆骨桥蛋白与冠状动脉严重程度的相关性

目的 探讨非糖尿病合并冠心病患者血浆骨桥蛋白水平与冠状动脉严重程度的相关性。方法 入选166例因稳定型心绞痛入院的非糖尿病患者,采集一般临床资料和常规化验指标结果,通过酶联免疫吸附试验检测外周血骨桥蛋白水平。行冠状动脉造影明确冠心病,按照冠状动脉病变血管数进行严重程度分组：无冠状动脉病变组、单支冠状动脉病变组、双支冠状动脉病变组、三支冠状动脉病变组。冠状动脉钙化积分通过64排螺旋CT扫描机测定。按冠状动脉钙化积分分组：无钙化组（＜10）、轻度钙化组（11～100）、中度钙化组（101～400）和重度钙化组（＞400）。结果 随着冠状动脉狭窄程度和钙化程度的加重,血浆骨桥蛋白水平呈升高趋势。血浆骨桥蛋白水平与非糖尿病合并冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄严重程度（r0.50,P<0.01）及冠状动脉钙化积分呈正相关（r0.38,P<0.01）。结论 血浆骨桥蛋白水平可能是非糖尿病合并冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄及钙化程度的独立危险因素。     

急性心肌梗死与稳定性心绞痛患者电子束CT冠状动脉钙化的比较研究

目的　比较急性心肌梗死 (AMI)与稳定性心绞痛 (SAP)患者电子束CT冠状动脉钙化(CAC)的不同模式。方法　 5 5例AMI患者与 6 7例SAP患者分别行选择性冠状动脉造影以检测粥样硬化狭窄的程度 ,行电子束CT检查以计算CAC积分 ,分析SAP与AMI患者CAC积分的差异及其与年龄的关系。结果　 (1)就心脏整体而言 ,SAP组CAC检测阳性率为 87 7% ,而AMI组阳性率为5 5 9% ;SAP组心脏整体和冠状动脉分支的CAC阳性率均显著高于AMI组 (P <0 0 1)。 (2 )SAP组CAC积分显著高于AMI组 ,其自然对数转换值 [LN(钙化积分 +1) ]的均数按心脏整体计算为 5 2±1 7对 2 4± 1 8(P <0 0 1) ,按冠状动脉分支计算为 3 3± 2 1对 1 2± 1 4 (P <0 0 1)。 (3)SAP组CAC程度随年龄增加而加重的趋势较AMI组更为明显 ;在每一相同的年龄段内比较 ,SAP组的CAC程度均较AMI组明显增高。 (4)SAP组重度狭窄的冠状动脉多发生重度或中度钙化 ,而AMI组梗死相关动脉则多数无钙化或仅有轻度钙化。结论　SAP患者CAC大多较为严重 ,而AMI患者多数钙化程度较轻 ,且大多发生于无或轻微钙化的冠状动脉。     

中年男性Ⅱ型糖尿病患者基线血尿酸水平与冠状动脉病变的比较

目的:探讨中年男性Ⅱ型糖尿病患者基线血清尿酸(SUA)水平与冠状动脉病变程度的关系。方法:192例疑诊为急性冠状动脉综合征,并冠状动脉造影检查病变为阴性的中年男性患者,根据血糖分为糖尿病组及血糖正常组。5年后,再次发生急性冠状动脉综合征为终点事件并复查冠状动脉造影。应用冠状动脉狭窄指数(CSI)评价冠状动脉病变程度。结果:①糖尿病组与血糖正常组比较基线,SUA水平明显升高(P=0.028)、脂代谢紊乱尤以TC(P=0.012)、LDL-C(P=0.003)升高明显;CSI(P=0.001)、冠状动脉病变支数(P=0.000)及冠状动脉病变的确诊率(χ2=5.650,P=0.017)也明显增高。②经Spearman相关分析显示糖尿病组患者基线SUA水平与CSI、冠状动脉病变支数及冠状动脉病变患病率存在明显的相关性,相关系数分别为:r=0.474(P=0.001)、r=0.325(P=0.026)及r=0.301(P=0.040)。结论:中年男性Ⅱ型糖尿病患者基线SUA水平,与冠状动脉病变的发生发展存在着明显的相关性。     

超高速CT心脏扫描37例临床分析

应用Imatron C-150超高速CT(UFCT)对37例门诊和住院病人进行心脏扫描检查,其中9例作了冠状动脉造影(CAG).初步探讨UFCT在心血管显像技术中的应用意义.病人分为3组:①冠心病组;②除冠心病外的其它心血管病组;③无症状或其它疾病组.对比分析3组冠状动脉钙化(CAC)发生率和钙化总积分.结果表明,冠心病组CAC发生率和钙化总积分显著高于其它两组(P<0.05或P<0.01).冠心病组5例冠状动脉造影,其中4例显示冠状动脉2支或2支以上狭窄,其UFCT的CAC积分亦明显增高.提示UFCT通过CAC检测为冠状动脉粥样硬化及冠心病诊断提供简便有效的方法.     

可溶性糖基化终产物受体水平与无糖尿病冠心病的相关性研究

目的探讨可溶性糖基化终产物受体(sRAGE)水平与无糖尿病冠心病的发病及病变程度的相关性。方法60例经冠脉造影证实为冠心病的无糖尿病患者和60例年龄相仿的健康对照者,分别检测血浆可溶性糖基化终产物受体浓度、体重指数(BMI)、血压、血脂、空腹血糖,并计算冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄病变的Gensini积分。结果冠心病患者血浆中sRAGE浓度(888.5±311.45 pg/ml),较对照组(1219.87±569.49 pg/ml)明显降低(P<0.01),多危险因素与冠心病Logistic分析表明sRAGE是冠心病重要的危险因子(OR=0.100,95%可信区间0.010~0.985,P=0.048)。冠心病患者中,血浆可溶性糖基化终产物受体水平与冠状动脉狭窄病变Gensini积分明显相关(P=0.022)。结论血浆低水平的可溶性糖基化终产物受体与无糖尿病冠心病的发病有重要相关性,并与冠脉造影病变严重程度密切相关。     

冠状动脉梗死相关病变钙化与临床表现的关系

目的:探讨冠状动脉梗死相关病变钙化与临床表现的关系。方法:将经血管内超声(IVUS)检查发现有冠状动脉钙化的患者48例分为两组:急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)组 28 例、稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组 20 例。对两组患者的冠状动脉梗死相关病变钙化进行测量及分析。结果:ACS组患者血管梗死病变处较SAP组患者相对缺乏,钙化两组的最大钙化弧度分别为(85.48±71.52)°,(152.00±103.08)°, P<0.05。ACS组的钙化斑块比例低于SAP组,57.14%∶83.33%,P<0.05;前者偏心斑块多于后者,93.88%∶54.17%, P<0.01;破裂斑块亦多于后者,42.86%∶8.33%,P<0.01。结论:ACS患者血管梗死病变处较SAP患者相对缺乏钙化,这有助于对ACS发病机制的理解,钙化的存在也有助于识别冠状动脉狭窄病变。     

新疆伊犁地区维吾尔族、锡伯族、汉族冠心病患者冠状动脉病变对比分析

目的:对比分析新疆伊犁地区维族、锡伯族及汉族冠心病患者冠状动脉病变特点。方法:比较经冠状动脉造影术明确诊断的110例维吾尔族、100例锡伯族及105例汉族冠心病患者冠状动脉病变的特点及Gensini积分。结果:维吾尔族冠心病患者冠状动脉病变的Gensini积分(13.52±1.85)及冠状动脉病变支数(2.64±0.53)均明显高于锡伯族及汉族患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而锡伯族、汉族冠心病患者冠状动脉病变的Gensini积分〔(7.92±1.35)vs.(8.21±1.65),P>0.05〕及冠状动脉病变支数〔(2.24±0.52)支vs.(2.32±0.63)支,P>0.05〕,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:维吾尔族与锡伯族、汉族冠心病患者冠状动脉病变存在差异,且维吾尔族冠心病患者冠状动脉病变Gensini积分及冠状动脉病变支数均明显高于锡伯族及汉族冠心病患者,而锡伯族与汉族之间差异无明显统计学意义,原因可能与饮食习惯及早期治疗的机会不同有关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.