社区老年慢性病护理干预分析

目的观察社区老年慢性病的护理干预效果。方法 28例社区老年慢性病患者均给予护理干预,6个月后对干预前后遵医率及日常生活能力量表(ADL)、抑郁自评量表(SDS),社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)、生活质量评分量表(QOL)评分进行比较。结果干预后ADL、SDS、SDSS评分低于干预前,QOL评分、遵医率高于干预前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对社区老年慢性病患者进行护理干预可显著改善其生活质量。     

优质护理在脑血栓护理中的实施效果分析

目的探讨优质护理在脑血栓护理中的实施效果,为优质护理在脑血栓护理中的应用提供理论依据。方法选取2014年5月至2016年6月在医院接受治疗的100例脑血栓患者作为此次研究对象,并将其随机分为观察组与对照组,每组患者50例,对照组患者给予常规护理,观察组患者给予优质护理,分析比较两组患者焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、日常生活活动能力、住院时间和护理满意度情况。结果护理前,两组患者SAS、SDS评分、日常生活活动能力情况差异不明显,无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理后,观察组患者SAS、SDS评分、日常生活活动能力和住院时间明显好于对照组,两组之间差异显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者满意度为98%,对照组为82%,观察组明显高于对照组,两组之间差异显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论优质护理在脑血栓护理中的实施效果非常好,有效改善临床症状和生活质量,提高了满意度和治愈率,临床上值得推广应用。     

心理护理对老年慢性病患者心理状态的影响

目的探讨心理护理对老年慢性病患者心理状态的影响。方法选择2014年7月~2015年6月我院门诊就诊的老年慢性病患者216例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组108例。对照组采用常规的治疗与护理方法,观察组在常规护理的基础上给予心理护理干预。治疗前后,通过焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表对患者进行评估,并对患者满意度进行调查。结果治疗后观察组SAS评分与SDS评分均较治疗前有明显降低,且明显低于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而对照组治疗前后差异不大(P0.05)。出院时,观察组满意度明显高于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对老年慢性病患者实施针对性的心理护理干预,可以促使患者以积极心态配合治疗,改善患者焦虑、抑郁不良情绪等,提高患者的生命质量,从而改善患者对医护人员的满意度。     

社区老年慢性病家庭护理干预后的效果分析

目的：分析家庭护理干预对社区老年慢性病患者的影响.方法：选择闵行区江川街道80岁以上慢性病患者100 例,随机分为干预组和对照组各50例.干预组提供家庭护理服务,运用日常生活活动能力量表（ADL）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）进行干预前后效果分析.结果：干预后干预组患者的心理、社会功能及日常生活能力均有明显提高,干预前后比较差异具有统计学意义,（P＜0.01）.两组患者在疾病转归方面无显著性差异,（P＞0.05）.结论：家庭护理干预可提高社区老年患者健康生命质量.     

心理护理干预对老年癌症患者癌性疼痛及心理状态的影响

目的 探讨心理护理干预对老年癌症患者癌性疼痛及心理状态的影响。方法 选取124例符合纳入标准的老年癌症患者,根据护理方法不同分为对照组和观察组各62例。所有患者均给予镇痛治疗,对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上联合心理护理干预。护理前后采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评价焦虑、抑郁状态,护理后进行护理满意度问卷调查。结果 观察组的癌性疼痛缓解总有效率明显高于对照组,SAS评分及SDS评分显著低于对照组,护理满意度明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义。结论 心理护理干预在老年癌症患者中应用效果良好,能够有效缓解患者癌性疼痛,减轻焦虑、抑郁情绪,并提高护理满意度。     

基于症状动态模型理论的全方位护理模式在老年肿瘤患者化疗后不良反应管理中的应用

目的 探讨基于症状动态模型理论的全方位护理模式在老年肿瘤患者化疗后不良反应管理中的应用效果。方法 选取2019至2021年收治的82例老年肿瘤化疗后患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组41例。对照组采用常护理模式干预,观察组采用基于症状动态模型理论的全方位护理模式干预。比较干预期间2组患者不良反应发生率,干预前后自我护理能力测量量表(ESCA)评分、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分,以及干预后生活质量评分和护理满意度。结果 干预后,观察组不良反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);2组ESCA各维度评分均高于干预前,且观察组ESCA各维度评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);2组SAS和SDS评分均低于干预前,且观察组SAS和SDS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);2组生活质量各维度评分均高于干预前,且观察组生活质量各维度评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组护理满意度优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 采用基于症状动态模型理论的全方位护理模式应用于老年肿瘤患者化疗后不良反应管理中,可以降低不良反应发生率,增强患者自我护理能力,缓解焦虑抑郁状态,...     

前馈护理模式对老年耐多药结核病患者的干预效果

目的:探究前馈护理模式对老年耐多药结核病患者的干预效果.方法:选取我院在2018-10～2019-10收治的80例老年耐多药结核病患者作为研究对象.按随机数表法将其分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组患者施行常规护理措施,观察组在对照组的护理措施基础上给予前馈护理模式,护理3个月.比较两组护理后治疗转归情况;采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)分析护理前后患者焦虑、抑郁程度;采用问卷调查两组患者护理后健康知识知晓情况、服药依从性.结果:观察组患者治疗成功率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);护理前,两组SDS、SAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);护理后,两组的SDS、SAS评分均明显降低,且观察组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);护理后,观察组健康知识知晓情况、服药依从性及护理满意度显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:前馈护理干预措施能够显著提高老年耐多药结核病患者服药依从性,缓解患者焦虑、抑郁情绪,促进患者恢复.     

乙型肝炎后肝硬化合并上消化道大出血的护理探讨

目的探讨乙型肝炎后肝硬化合并上消化道大出血的护理探讨。方法选取我院2017年1月至2018年1月68例乙型肝炎后肝硬化合并上消化道大出血患者,根据随机分表法分为观察组与对照组,每组各34例,观察组实施优质护理干预,对照组实施常规护理干预,对比心理状况、护理满意度。结果观察组护理满意度显著高于对照组,SAS(焦虑自评量表)、SDS(抑郁自评量表)评分明显低于对照组。结论乙型肝炎后肝硬化合并上消化道大出血患者实施护理干预,可有效改善患者心理状况,降低SAS、SDS评分。     

优质护理干预对脑血栓患者负性情绪及日常生活能力的影响效果评价

目的:研究优质护理干预对脑血栓患者负性情绪及日常生活能力的影响及效果。方法:选取我院收治的78例脑血栓患者,随机分为对照组(一般护理)和观察组(优质护理),39例/组,对比2组脑血栓患者焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)的评分及护理满意度。结果:观察组脑血栓患者SAS、SDS的评分及护理满意度显著优于对照组(p0.05)。结论:优质护理干预对脑血栓患者负性情绪的缓解及日常生活能力改善具有显著的效果,在临床上值得大力推广并借鉴。     

择期开颅手术的心理护理干预分析

目的探讨择期开颅手术的心理护理干预的实施效果。方法抽取我院2018年3月至2019年7月收治的46例择期开颅手术患者,将患者统一编号后,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组23例,其中对照组实施常规手术护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上引入心理护理,对比分析两组患者干预前后SDS、SAS评分差异以及两组患者护理满意的评分。结果观察组与对照组患者护理干预前SDS、SAS评分均较高(P> 0.05);护理干预后SDS、SAS评分均显著下降且观察组SDS、SAS评分均低于对照组(P <0.05);观察组护理满意度评分为(83.26±3.52)分,对照组护理满意度评分为(70.50±3.08)分(P <0.05)。结论择期开颅手术患者护理中引入心理护理干预,能够改善患者的负面心理情绪并提高患者的护理满意度,值得临床推荐使用。     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.