长链非编码RNA在急性髓系白血病中调控机制的研究进展

<正>长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是指长度大于200个核苷酸的非编码RNA,起初它被认为是基因组转录的"噪音",即RNA聚合酶Ⅱ转录的副产物,并不具有生物学功能~([1-2])。但随着研究的深入,人们发现lncRNA参与了X染色体沉默、表观遗传调控、转录激活与干扰、细胞分化调节等多个关键的调控过程~([3-5])。研究表明,lncRNA的异常,包括     

TP73-AS1在肿瘤中的表达及调控作用

<正>随着高通量测序技术的发展,成千上万种长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)进入人们的视野。lncRNA是一类长度超过200个核苷酸并缺少开放阅读框的不具备蛋白质编码功能的RNA~([1-2])。研究发现lncRNA参与诸多生物学进程的关键步骤,包括染色质重塑、基因转录、转录后调节和蛋白质翻译等~([3-5])。LncRNA机制的不断被阐明,也为肿瘤的研究提供了新的可能。LncRNA在多种肿瘤的增殖、迁移侵袭和抗凋亡     

长链非编码RNA在神经发生中的调控作用

<正>基因组计划的研究成果表明,哺乳动物基因组中仅仅只有不到1%的序列能够转录为mRNA,剩下大部分基因组序列转录为之前被称为"转录噪音"的非编码RNA(noncoding RNA,ncRNA)~([1])。而lncRNA是ncRNA家族中最大的一类~([2])。近几年来,随着二代测序技术的广泛应用,lncRNA的神秘面纱才逐渐被揭开。许多研究表明,lncRNA虽然不编码蛋白质,但它有多种功能,包括招募转录因子来调控基因     

非编码RNA在人脑胶质瘤中的研究进展

非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)是近年发现的一类新型RNA,其共同特点是它们都能经基因组转录产生,但不产生蛋白产物,通过RNA水平调控执行多种生物学功能。哺乳动物基因组序列中绝大多数为ncRNA,其中,长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,ln RNA)在人类脑部大量表达,参与胶质瘤染色质重构、介导修饰、转录调控、选择性剪切等生物过程。微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)在脑部也被大量发现,在胶质瘤中部分miRNA表达异常升高,调控癌症相关基因的表达或参与调控肿瘤形成机制和调控通路。另外,环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)和与PIWI蛋白家族结合的RNA(Piwi-interacting RNA,piRNA)在胶质瘤发生发展中也可能发挥作用。     

MicroRNA-494参与多种疾病发生发展的分子机制研究进展

正微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA,miR)是一种由20~22个核苷酸组成的内源性非编码小分子单链RNA,它可以在后转录水平通过以完全互补或不完全互补的形式与mRNA的3’UTR区结合调控细胞增殖、分化及凋亡等多个生理病理过程~([1])。其中,miR-494是一种来源于染色体14q32.31的miRNA~([2])。近年来的研究发现miR-494参与人体多个     

生物信息学分析mircoRNA在乳腺癌中的调控网络

<正>生物信息学是指综合应用信息科学、数学的理论、方法和技术来管理、分析和利用生物分子数据的一门科学。科学地利用生物分子数据及其分析结果,可以大大提高研究和开发的科学性及效率~([1])。miRNA(mircoR NA)是一类由内源基因编码的长度为20~24个核苷酸的非编码单链小分子RNA。miRNA能够与靶信使RNAs(mRNAs)3'-端非翻译区(3'-UTR)互补配对,阻碍mRNA翻译或使其稳定性降低而被降解,从而参与到转录后调控~([2])。近年许多研究表明,     

恶性肿瘤中MNX1反义RNA 1的作用及机制研究进展

<正>长链非编码RNA (long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一类广泛存在于细胞核和细胞质内、长度在200 nt以上、缺少开放阅读框、不参与或很少参与蛋白质编码、主要从蛋白编码基因的反义链及间隔区转录出来的RNA^[1-6]。已有大量研究证实,lnc RNA涉及调控多种生物学功能,比如细胞增殖、凋亡及血管生成^[7-9]。表达异常的lnc RNA与诸多肿瘤的发生发展密切相关^[10-11]。     

长链非编码RNA通过ceRNA在乳腺癌中的调控机制

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一种长度大于200 nt的不具有编码蛋白质功能的RNA。lncRNA在多种肿瘤中存在差异性表达,通过转录调控、转录后调控等方式影响肿瘤的增殖、侵袭、转移、耐药等。多项研究表明,lncRNA可通过竞争性内源性RNA(competing endogenous RNA,ceRNA)机制与miRNA相互作用,并影响其它RNA、蛋白的表达,影响疾病进程;提示lncRNA可能是一种肿瘤标志物和潜在的治疗靶点。该文现就lncRNA通过ceRNA调控乳腺癌的研究进展进行综述。     

microRNA/lncRNA调控树突状细胞分化、成熟及功能的研究进展

树突状细胞(dendritic cell, DC)作为专职的抗原提呈细胞, 可以激活初始T细胞, 在连接固有免疫和适应性免疫中发挥着重要的桥梁作用。因此, DC分化、成熟及功能的调控机制备受关注。随着高通量测序的快速发展, 非编码RNA(non-coding RNA, ncRNA)这一庞大家族逐渐被人们熟知。近年来, 越来越多研究报道ncRNA在DC分化、成熟及其功能中发挥着重要的调控作用。本文主要对微小RNA(microRNA, miRNA)及长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)在DC分化、成熟及功能方面的相关调控作用进行综述。     

长链非编码RNA调控肿瘤细胞凋亡的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一类长度>200个核苷酸、通常不编码蛋白质的RNA。近年研究表明,lncRNA在肿瘤的的发展过程中发挥抑癌或促癌作用,参与细胞增殖、凋亡等过程。本综述简要介绍lncRNA的生物学功能及其调控细胞凋亡的研究进展。     

Over-expression of lncRNA DANCR is associated with advanced tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer

Despite advances made in the diagnosis and treatment of human colorectal cancer (CRC), the long-term survival for CRC remains poor. Long non-coding RNA anti-differentiation ncRNA (lncRNA DANCR) was identified to be involved in carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. While its expression in CRC and potential role in tumor progression is still unknown. In the present study, we investigated the expression level of lncRNA DANCR as well as its association with CRC progression and prognosis. The expression of lncRNA DANCR was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in 104 CRC specimens. The prognostic value of lncRNA DANCR was further analysis. Our results showed that lncRNA DANCR expression was increased in CRC tissues compared with that in adjacent normal tissues (P<0.05). In addition, tumors with high lncRNA DANCR expression was correlated with TNM stage, histologic grade, and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with high lncRNA DANCR expression had a shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) compared with the low lncRNA DANCR expression group (P<0.05). Moreover, in a multivariate Cox model, our results showed that lncRNA DANCR expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for both OS and DFS in CRC. Our data indicated that lncRNA DANCR expression might be a novel potential biomarker for CRC prognosis.     

卵巢癌与非编码RNA研究进展

卵巢癌是全球女性因癌症死亡的第5大病因,尽早明确诊断并积极治疗是改善预后的有效方法。随着测序技术的不断发展,人们发现了大量的种类丰富的非编码RNA。ncRNAs在细菌、真菌和哺乳动物等多种生物体的活动中可作为致癌驱动因子和肿瘤抑制因子,对肿瘤的发生、发展起到调控作用,ncRNA有望成为肿瘤诊治的新型生物标志物和治疗靶点。探索ncRNA可为卵巢癌的研究提供一些系统性新思路。现将卵巢癌相关ncRNA最新研究进展进行综述,并着重讨论微小RNA（miRNA）、长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）及环状RNA（circRNA）在卵巢癌中的作用。     

Macrophage infiltration promotes invasiveness of breast cancer cells via activating long non-coding RNA UCA1

There is now considerable evidence supporting the view that macrophage infiltration is playing a critical role in the proliferation and progression of breast cancer but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. To this end, using long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiling, we examined changes in lncRNA expression in breast cancer cells treated with conditioned medium (CM) from cultured human THP-1 macrophages. We found that treatment with macrophage CM induced the expression of numerous lncRNAs, including urothelial cancer associated 1 (UCA1). Knockdown of UCA1 using shRNA inhibited AKT phosphorylation and abolished invasiveness of tumor cells induced by macrophage CM. Consistent with these results; we further showed that UCA1 level was significantly enhanced in human primary breast tumors and correlated with advanced clinical stage, supporting its role in promoting carcinogenesis and progression of breast cancer. Together, these results suggest that macrophage could promote invasiveness of breast cancer cells by enhancing expression of lncRNA UCA1.     

A novel long non-coding RNA NFIA-AS1 is down-regulated in gastric cancer and inhibits proliferation of gastric cancer cells

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant gastrointestinal tumors whose morbidity and mortality account for the second and third place respectively in malignant tumors in China. As an important participant in tumor biology, the abnormal expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) in cancer cells is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors and plays the role of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. In this study, we identified a novel lncRNA NFIA antisense RNA 1 (NFIA-AS1) and explored its role and clinical significance in gastric cancer. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect the expression of NFIA-AS1 in tumor tissues and corresponding normal tissues from 42 pairs of gastric cancer samples. The lower expression of NFIA-AS1 was significantly associated with larger tumor size, lower histological grade, and advanced TNM stage. Kaplan-meier analysis showed that NFIA-AS1 expression could be used as an independent predictor of overall survival. We also demonstrated that overexpression of NFIA-AS1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells through affecting p16 levels. In conclusion, our results suggest that the lncRNA NFIA-AS1 may play the role of tumor suppressor gene, and serve as a biomarker for prognosis or progression of gastric cancer.     

长链非编码RNA MEG3对肿瘤细胞调控作用的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一类长度超过200 nt的不编码蛋白的RNA分子。lncRNA最初被认为是转录噪音,在近年的研究中发现越来越多功能性的lncRNA,其重要性才渐渐被阐述。母系表达基因3(materally expressed gene 3,MEG3)是一种由母系印记基因编码的lncRNA,在对其功能的研究中发现MEG3几乎参与了所有的生理和病理过程,其在多种肿瘤中表现出抑制作用。本文就lnc RNA MEG3对肿瘤细胞调控的作用机制作一综述。     

肿瘤高扩增区域上的lncRNA-PVT1研究进展

随着科技的快速发展,全基因组测序技术已经证实了许多非编码RNA可以参与肿瘤的发生发展.然而,相较于短链非编码RNA的大量研究,长链非编码RNA的功能仍存在更大的未知性.PVT1,一个长链非编码RNA,由人类PVT1基因编码,位于染色体8q24这个与肿瘤相关的“基因沙漠区”.该lncRNA在肿瘤中已被证实存在3种作用机制,即参与DNA的重排,编码microRNA以及与MYC互作调控其稳定性.双微体是基因的主要扩增形式之一,可承载多种致癌基因以及耐药基因,PVT1位于多种细胞系的双微体上.针对PVT1与肿瘤的研究表明,PVT1在多种肿瘤中都是潜在的致癌基因.然而,其在肿瘤中的分子机制尚未明确.