乳牙龋齿患儿实施非创伤性修复治疗的效果分析

目的 探究乳牙龋齿患儿通过非创伤性修复治疗的临床效果.方法 选取80例乳牙龋齿患儿作为研究对象,随机分为对照组与观察组,每组40例.对照组给予常规修复治疗,观察组给予非创伤性修复治疗.比较两组治疗配合情况、牙髓活力评分、龋齿敏感性、临床效果.结果 治疗后,观察组治疗配合度92.50％高于对照组的57.50％,差异具有统...     

非创伤性修复治疗儿童乳牙龋齿中的护理配合措施

目的研究非创伤性修复(ATR)治疗儿童乳牙龋齿的临床护理措施及其疗效。方法案例分析法。选取我院口腔科2010年3月至2011年12月收治的应用非创伤性修复术治疗乳牙龋齿的患儿256例,配合以系统的术前术中护理,观察其疗效。结果所有患儿手术均一次顺利进行。术后半年内进行随访,388例龋齿中,334例治疗有效,有效率达86.1%。结论 ATR术治疗龋齿中配合以科学、系统的护理能够大大提高患儿手术中的配合度,促进手术顺利进行,提高手术成功率,     

无创性修复技术应用于乳牙龋齿中的效果评价

目的探讨无创伤修复技术在乳牙龋齿治疗中的疗效及临床分析。方法 2010年1月至2012年1月期间,我院诊治的86例(160颗)乳牙龋齿患儿,随机将其分为对照组(高速涡轮钻修复)和观察组(采用无创性修复),每组各43例80颗龋齿,对两组患儿手术配合程度、术后6个月的临床疗效,进行观察和比较。结果与对照组相比,观察组患儿手术配合率明显提高,治疗有效率显著升高,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论无创性修复技术应用于乳牙龋齿具有损伤小、疗效显著,更易于患儿接受等诸多特点,值得临床推广。     

采用非创伤性修复技术治疗儿童乳牙龋病的可行性研究

目的:探讨采用非创伤性修复技术治疗儿童乳牙龋病的可行性。方法:纳入某院84例2016年4月～2017年9月儿童乳牙龋病患儿,随机数字表分为非创伤性修复组和创伤性修复组,创伤性修复组采取创伤性修复技术治疗,非创伤性修复组则采取非创伤性修复技术治疗,比较创伤性修复组、非创伤性修复组疗效;儿童乳牙龋病疼痛好转时间、恢复正常口腔功能时间;治疗前后患儿咀嚼功能评分、疼痛程度评分;继发龋、修复体脱落等的发生率。结果:非创伤性修复组疗效、儿童乳牙龋病疼痛好转时间、恢复正常口腔功能时间、咀嚼功能评分、疼痛程度评分相比较创伤性修复组更好(P0.05);非创伤性修复组继发龋、修复体脱落等的发生率低于创伤性修复组(P0.05)。结论:非创伤性修复技术治疗儿童乳牙龋病的效果确切,可加速患儿症状改善和改善口腔功能。     

改良非创伤性充填技术对小儿龋齿的治疗价值评析

目的探讨改良非创伤性充填技术对小儿龋齿的治疗效果及应用价值。方法抽取我院2014年6月至2015年6月收治的龋齿患儿120例(253颗患牙)作为研究对象,将其按照充填方式的不同分为两组,每组均为60例,对照组患儿采用常规充填术治疗,观察组患儿则采用改良非创伤性充填技术治疗,分别对两组患儿的临床治疗效果进行比较。结果观察组患儿和对照组患儿的充填成功率分别为98.3%和96.7%,比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),但其治疗中,配合型所占比例分别为93.3%和68.3%,观察组患儿显著高于对照组,比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论在小儿龋齿的治疗过程中,采用改良非创伤性充填技术不仅操作更为简单方便,而且能大大提高患儿的接受程度,治疗效果也更佳,值得临床推广应用。     

无创伤性修复技术在乳牙龋齿治疗中的应用效果评价

目的分别对乳牙龋齿患儿施用无创伤性修复和传统创伤性修复进行治疗,跟踪随访观察其治疗效果。方法选择于2016年4月至2017年5月内在本院收治的60例乳牙龋齿患儿进行本次研究,按照随机化的原则将其分为无创修复组、传统修复组(各30例),无创修复组给予无创伤性修复术治疗,而传统修复组则施以传统有创性修复术治疗。分别实施治疗后,对患儿的症状减轻程度及患儿的配合程度进行比较。结果无创修复组患儿症状减轻有效率以及配合程度均显著高于传统修复组,上述P均<0.05,差异均具有统计学意义。结论对乳牙龋齿患儿施用无创伤性修复进行治疗,可以有效减轻患儿临床症状,另外患儿的配合程度较高,在临床口腔科中值得推广使用。     

老年龋齿采用非创伤性修复技术治疗临床研究

目的探讨老年龋齿采用非创伤性修复技术治疗临床研究。方法选择我院2015年4月~2017年4月收治的老年龋齿患者78例(86颗牙齿)作为研究对象,经我院伦理委员会批准,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组患者39例(43颗牙齿),对照组给予常规填充治疗,观察组实施非创伤性修复治疗,观察对比两组患者临床疗效以及继发龋齿、疼痛不耐受及脱落等情况。结果就治疗总有效率而言,治疗半年后观察组为93.02%明显高于对照组74.42%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);相较于对照组,观察组继发龋齿、疼痛不耐受及脱落情况发生率较低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者睡眠质量评分中入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、药物使用得分均低于对照组且差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在老年龋齿治疗过程中,应用非创伤性修复技术效果显著,患者具有较高耐受程度,便于治疗工作开展,修复成功率较高,提高患者满意度,值得广泛推广。     

小儿龋齿应用改良非创伤性充填技术的治疗效果探讨

目的探讨对小儿龋齿患者选择改良非创伤性充填技术完成治疗后获得的临床效果。方法选择丹东市口腔医院2014年3月至2016年3月小儿龋齿患者110例作为此次实验研究对象。根据临床对小儿龋齿患者采用治疗方法的不同展开随机分组。观察组(55例):临床选择改良非创伤性充填技术的方法对观察组龋齿患儿进行治疗;对照组(55例):临床选择常规充填术的方法对对照组龋齿患儿进行治疗;对两组患儿的充填成功率以及配合型比例进行观察对比。结果在充填成功率方面,观察组与对照组急性牙髓炎患儿无明显差异(P>0.05);在配合型所占比例方面,观察组明显高于对照组急性牙髓炎患儿(P<0.05)。结论临床采用改良非创伤性充填技术对小儿龋齿患者进行治疗,表现出操作简单的特点,可以将患儿的接受程度显著提高,获得较佳的小儿龋齿疾病治疗效果。     

微创技术在乳牙牙龋中的应用

目的：探讨微创技术修复乳牙牙龋的方法及临床效果。方法：选取本院口腔科2007年6月～2009年6月收治的90例龋齿患儿为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组采用常规磨牙去龋治疗,观察组采用微创技术治疗（伢典凝胶去龋）,比较两组患儿的临床疗效、合作率和疼痛率。结果：观察组和对照组的成功率分别为81.3%（48/59）、84.5%（49/58）,差异无统计学意义,P〉0.05。但观察组患儿的合作率和疼痛率要显著优于对照组,P〈0.05。结论：微创治疗患儿龋齿疗效安全可靠,其疼痛小,患儿合作率高。     

非创伤性修复技术治疗儿童乳牙龋的临床效果评价

目的探讨非创伤性修复技术治疗儿童乳牙龋的临床疗效。方法选择2005-2007年在迪庆州医院口腔科就诊的48例儿童的176颗乳牙龋齿,分单面洞龋、双面洞龋和复面洞龋,用非创伤性修复技术进行治疗,评价术后3个月、6个月的临床疗效。结果3个月的修复成功率为97%,6个月的为95%。单面洞修复成功率大于双面洞,复面洞的修复成功率最低。结论ART治疗乳牙龋有较高的成功率,是治疗乳牙龋有效可行的方法。     

Role of glutathione in reduction of arsenate and of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in disposition of arsenite in rats

Arsenate (AsV), the environmentally prevalent form of arsenic, is converted sequentially in the body to arsenite (AsIII), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAsV), monomethylarsonous acid (MMAsIII), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAsV) and some trimethylated metabolites. Although the biliary excretion of arsenic in rats is known to be glutathione (GSH)-dependent, involving transport of arsenic-GSH conjugates, the role of GSH in the reduction of AsV to the more toxic AsIII in vivo has not been defined. Therefore, we studied how the fate of AsV is influenced by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which depletes GSH in tissues. Control and BSO-treated rats were given AsV (50 micromol/kg, i.v.) and arsenic metabolites in bile, urine, blood and tissues were analysed by HPLC-HG-AFS. BSO increased retention of AsV in blood and tissues and decreased appearance of AsIII in blood, bile (by 96%) and urine (by 63%). The biliary excretion of MMAsIII was also nearly abolished, the appearance of MMAsIII and MMAsV in the blood was delayed and the renal concentrations of these monomethylated arsenicals were decreased by BSO. Interestingly, appearance of DMAsV in blood and urine remained unchanged and the concentrations of this metabolite in the kidneys and muscle were even increased in response to BSO. To test the role of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in arsenic disposition, the effect of the of the GGT inhibitor acivicin was investigated in rats injected with AsIII (50 micromol/kg, i.v.). Acivicin lowered the hepatic and renal GGT activities and increased the biliary as well as urinary excretion of GSH, but failed to alter the disposition (i.e. blood and tissue concentrations, biliary and urinary excretion) of AsIII and its metabolites. In conclusion, shortage of GSH decreases not only the hepatobiliary transport of arsenic, but also reduction of AsV and the formation of monomethylated arsenic, while not hindering the production of dimethylated arsenic. While GSH plays an important role in the disposition and toxicity of arsenic, GGT, which hydrolyses GSH and GSH conjugates, apparently does not influence the fate of the GSH-reactive trivalent arsenicals in rats.     

应用PASS系统对我院2008年住院医嘱的分析

目的监测分析2008年我院住院患者用药情况。方法将PASS系统嵌入医生工作站、临床药学工作站等子系统,构建合理用药计算机网络系统,对住院医嘱进行及时监测,将监测结果向医生反馈,并对其进行统计、分析。结果2008年共监测医嘱3 620 241条,不合理医嘱908条,占0.02%。不合理医嘱中,配伍禁忌(381条)占41.96%,用法用量(381条)占41.96%,药物相互作用(108条)占11.89%,儿童用药(38条)占4.19%。经与医生沟通后,更改不合理医嘱856条,占94.27%。结论PASS系统可有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药,通过与医生交流,大大减少药物不良事件的发生,值得临床推广应用,也为临床药师开展工作带来了极大的便利。但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善。     

Role of desacetylation in the detoxification of cephalothin in renal cells in culture

The toxicity of three cephalosporin antibiotics to rabbit kidney cells in culture was compared to their known nephrotoxic potential in vivo (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). While cephalothin is considered to be a relatively nonnephrotoxic cephalosporin when administered to many species including humans and rabbits, in several in vitro systems involving rabbit renal tissue, cephalothin was comparatively more toxic than anticipated based on in vivo data. Cephalothin is extensively desacetylated in rabbits to a less microbiologically active metabolite, desacetylcephalothin. When a microsomal S9 fraction from rabbit kidney was added to the in vitro assay in cultured rabbit renal cells, cephalothin was desacetylated and its toxicity to kidney cells was reduced. The addition of S9 in vitro provided a toxicity ranking of the cephalosporins that correlated with their known in vivo nephrotoxic potentials (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). The in vitro detoxification of cephalothin by S9 was blocked by the coadministration of the esterase inhibitor, aminocarb. Desacetylcephalothin was relatively nontoxic to rabbit renal tissue in vitro. These results suggest that the desacetylation of cephalothin in vivo represents a previously unrecognized mechanism of detoxification of this cephalosporin antibiotic. Furthermore, this mechanism of detoxification may be applicable to other acetylated cephalosporins.     

2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药用药调查

目的:分析讨论某院抗真菌药使用的合理性,为临床安全有效地使用抗真菌药提供参考。方法:回顾性统计分析某院2009年住院患者抗真菌药用药信息。结果:2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药DDDs排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、制霉菌素和伊曲康唑;使用金额排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、米卡芬净及卡泊芬净;更换一种抗真菌药进行治疗的患者数为176人,在全部患者中占13.4%。结论:应进一步强化用药指征的意识,提高标本送检率,同时改善某些抗真菌用药不合理更换的现象,以避免耐药性发生,从而更好更长远地体现抗真菌药的治疗价值。     

微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用研究进展

本文综述了微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用,介绍微透析取样技术的原理、组成、探针类型、特点,重点阐述了微透析取样技术在测定脑、血液、皮肤等组织器官中中药有效成分浓度的应用实例。表明微透析取样技术在中药药效研究中具有广阔的前景。     

应用PASS系统分析我院2010年住院医嘱

目的:了解我院2010年住院患者的合理用药情况,探讨如何利用合理用药监测系统( PASS)提高合理用药水平.方法:利用PASS对我院2010年15 966例住院患者的1 184 997条用药医嘱进行监测,以黑色警示医嘱为依据,收集不合理用药信息,并对监测结果进行统计、分析.结果:不合理用药医嘱50 261条,发生率为4.24％.绝对禁止黑色医嘱5441条,主要为药物相互作用(66.54％)、注射液体外配伍(17.86％)、用法用量(15.46％)、儿童警告(1.14％).结论:应用PASS系统能有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药情况,有利于提高临床合理用药水平,但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善.     

Kinetics of in vitro metabolism of methoxyphenamine in rats

1. Methoxyphenamine (MP) was metabolized in vitro by rat liver preparations to O-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (O-desmethyl-MP), N-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (N-desmethyl-MP) and 5-hydroxymethoxyphenamine (5-hydroxy-MP). These metabolic pathways were inhibited by SKF 525-A and carbon monoxide, which indicates that these reactions were mediated at least partly by an NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 system. 2. Strain differences in the metabolism of this drug in vitro were observed in female Lewis and Dark Agouti (DA) rats, which are proposed models for human debrisoquine phenotypes. Methoxyphenamine O-demethylase and 5-hydroxylase activity in DA rats were lower than those in Lewis rats. 3. The metabolic transformation of methoxyphenamine in vitro to O-desmethyl-MP was inhibited competitively by debrisoquine and sparteine. This indicates that the cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme mediating the metabolism of MP to O-desmethyl-MP is similar to that mediating metabolism of debrisoquine and sparteine. However, no inhibition was observed with methenytoin.     

Changes in levels of dependency and predictors of mortality in elderly people in institutional care in Dunedin

The 1983 study of dependency of subjects in institutional care in Dunedin was repeated two years later. A significant increase in levels of dependency in residential homes, particularly in the Religious and Welfare sector was found. In 1983 there were 29 high dependency residents and 73 medium dependency residents in residential homes. In 1985 these numbers had increased to 55 and 86 respectively. There was no change in the number of low dependency residents. In 1983, 6 high dependency residents had been admitted to residential home care in the year prior to the study. In 1985 the number of high dependency residents recently admitted had increased to 23. There had also been a significant increase in the dependency of patients in Religious and Welfare continuing care hospitals. Of the 933 subjects in institutional care in 1983 who were able to be followed, 354 (37.9%) died in the following 2 years. Mortality rate was higher for those in hospital care (48.1%) than for those in residential home care (29.6%). Mortality rates were higher in more dependent subjects and this was evident for each measure of dependency.     

Comparison of in vitro cell models in predicting in vivo brain entry of drugs

Although several in vitro models have been reported to predict the ability of drug candidates to cross the blood-brain barrier, their real in vivo relevance has rarely been evaluated. The present study demonstrates the in vivo relevance of simple unidirectional permeability coefficient (P(app)) determined in three in vitro cell models (BBMEC, Caco-2 and MDCKII-MDR1) for nine model drugs (alprenolol, atenolol, metoprolol, pindolol, entacapone, tolcapone, baclofen, midazolam and ondansetron) by using dual probe microdialysis in the rat brain and blood as an in vivo measure. There was a clear correlation between the P(app) and the unbound brain/blood ratios determined by in vivo microdialysis (BBMEC r=0.99, Caco-2 r=0.91 and MDCKII-MDR1 r=0.85). Despite of the substantial differences in the absolute in vitro P(app) values and regardless of the method used (side-by-side vs. filter insert system), the capability of the in vitro models to rank order drugs was similar. By this approach, thus, the additional value offered by the true endothelial cell model (BBMEC) remains obscure. The present results also highlight the need of both in vitro as well as in vivo methods in characterization of blood-brain barrier passage of new drug candidates.