微创旋切术与传统手术治疗乳腺良性肿块的疗效研究

目的观察微创旋切术与传统手术治疗乳腺良性肿块的疗效。方法选择2015年7月至2017年12月80例乳腺良性肿块患者,按手术方法不同分为微创组与对照组,两组各40例,前者接受麦默通微创旋切术,后者接受传统手术。比较两组术后恢复情况及美容效果。结果微创组术后VAS评分为、切口愈合时间、术后并发症发生率、住院时间明显低于对照组(P <0.05)。微创组微创组的优良率为95.0%明显高于对照组的70.0%(P <0.05)。结论在符合手术适应证及各项条件允许的情况下,微创旋切术可作为治疗乳腺良性肿块的首选术式。     

麦默通微创旋切手术与传统开放手术治疗乳腺良性肿块的疗效观察

目的：探讨麦默通微创旋切手术与传统开放手术治疗乳腺良性肿块的临床疗效。方法将本院2010年8月~2012年8月收治的86例乳腺良性肿块患者随机分为两组,分别行麦默通微创旋切手术与传统开放手术,比较两组手术情况、术后恢复及并发症发生率。结果两组患者乳腺肿块均完整切除,观察组手术时间、术中出血量、瘢痕长度及平均住院时间均显著少于对照组（P〈0.05）;观察组术后并发症发生率和乳房变形率均显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论麦默通微创旋切手术治疗乳腺良性肿块安全、有效,且具有手术创伤小、术后恢复快及美容效果好的优点,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

麦默通乳腺微创旋切术与常规切除术治疗乳腺良性肿块134例疗效对比分析

目的对麦默通乳腺微创旋切术与常规切除术治疗乳腺良性肿块134例的疗效比较分析,旨在探讨更适合的治疗方法。方法选取我院乳腺外科2015年6月至2017年6月期间就诊并接受手术治疗的乳腺良性肿块患者134例,随机均分为对照组与试验组,对照组67例采用传统开放手术进行治疗,试验组67例采用麦默通乳腺微创旋切术治疗,对两组患者术后乳房变形情况及并发症发生率进行观察比较。结果试验组无乳房变形患者,对照组为13例;试验组并发症患者仅有3例,对照组共18例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论乳腺良性肿块患者接受麦默通乳腺微创旋切术治疗,对患者创伤小,能够很好的保留乳房的形状,美观度高,且并发症发生率低,值得推广使用。     

分析麦默通乳腺微创旋切术治疗乳腺良性肿块的疗效及安全性

目的:分析在乳腺良性肿块患者中使用麦默通乳腺微创旋切术进行治疗的效果及其安全性。方法:选取我院收治的90例乳腺良性肿块患者作为研究对象,并将其随机分成45例对照组与45例观察组;对照组使用传统切开术式,观察组使用麦默通乳腺微创旋切术式,对比两组患者的治疗效果与安全性。结果:治疗后,观察组患者的疼痛程度为(3.81±2.11)、手术时间为(22.58±3.46)、出血量为(18.11±2.89);对照组相应的为(6.98±2.54)、(34.52±3.66)、(41.13±4.19);观察组均明显低于、短于或少于对照组,且P0.05。观察组患者术后不良并发症发生率为6.67%,对照组为22.22%,观察组明显低于对照组,且P0.05。结论:在乳腺良性肿块中应用麦默通乳腺微创旋切术进行治疗有助于进一步提高治疗有效性,且不良反应率低,安全性高,可推广。     

超声引导下麦默通微创旋切术治疗乳腺良性肿块的效果

目的:探析超声引导下麦默通微创旋切术治疗乳腺良性肿块的效果。方法:选取2017年1月～2018年12月在某院接受超声引导下麦默通微创旋切术治疗乳腺良性肿块的80例患者作为观察组,与同期采用传统开放手术治疗乳腺良性肿块的40例患者作为对照组,比较两组的临床疗效。结果:相比于对照组,观察组的手术时间短、出血量少、术后瘢痕长度小、愈合时间短,并发症少,有显著差异。结论:在乳腺良性肿块的临床治疗上,采用超声引导下麦默通微创旋切术可优化手术指标,并发症少,值得推广应用。     

麦默通微创手术治疗乳腺良性肿块的临床研究

目的 探讨麦默通微创手术治疗乳腺良性肿块的临床效果. 方法 回顾性分析90例乳腺良性肿块患者的临床资料,观察组60例采用麦默通真空辅助乳腺微创旋切系统SCM23型,11G旋切刀微创治疗;对照组30例采用传统常规手术治疗.观察切口长度、术中出血量、手术时间、疼痛评分. 结果 观察组切口长度、术中出血量、手术时间、疼痛评分均明显低于对照组,肿块完全切除率高于对照组（均P＜0.05）,再次手术率低于对照组（P＜0.05）. 结论 麦默通微创旋切系统治疗乳腺良性包块的临床疗效明显,值得临床推广应用.     

超声引导下乳腺微创旋切术与开放手术在治疗乳腺良性肿块中的对比

目的探讨超声引导下乳腺微创旋切术与开放手术在治疗乳腺良性肿块中的对比效果情况。方法分析我院2014年1月~2016年1月收治的乳腺良性肿块患者80例临床资料,依据治疗措施不同进行分组,开放手术组40例和乳腺微创旋切术组40例。观察两组乳腺良性肿块患者术中出血量、切口长度、瘢痕大小、愈合时间、术后局部血肿、切口感染、乳腺畸形情况。结果乳腺微创旋切术组乳腺良性肿块患者术中出血量、切口长度、瘢痕大小、愈合时间均低于开放手术组,乳腺微创旋切术组乳腺良性肿块患者术后局部血肿、切口感染、乳腺畸形发生率均低于开放手术组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超声引导下乳腺微创旋切术治疗乳腺良性肿块患者,创伤小,恢复快,术后并发症少,值得临床推广应用。     

对比麦默通微创旋切手术与常规乳腺肿物切除术治疗良性乳腺肿物的临床疗效

目的：比较麦默通微创旋切手术与常规乳腺肿物切除术治疗良性乳腺肿物的临床疗效。方法：选取2013年2月～2015年3月良性乳腺肿瘤手术患者128例,按双盲随机方法分为观察组与对照组,每组64例。对照组患者采用常规乳腺肿物切除术治疗;观察组患者采用麦默通微创旋切手术治疗,将两组手术效果进行对比。结果：两组患者术中指标相比：观察组手术时间、术中出血量均低于对照组P＜0.05。两组患者术后乳房美观效果相比：观察组术后优良率高于对照组P＜0.05。结论：将麦默通微创旋切手术方法应用于良性乳腺肿物切除术,具有手术时间短、患者术中出血量少、对机体损伤程度轻等优点,术后乳房美观效果佳,更符合现代女性患者对审美的需求,值得临床推广。     

微创旋切系统在良性乳腺肿物治疗中的应用价值

目的 探讨微创旋切手术在治疗良性乳腺肿物中的应用价值.方法 将263例良性乳腺肿物患者按数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组217例采用微创旋切手术治疗,对照组46例采用传统手术治疗,观察两组患者手术效果及术后并发症发生情况,比较美容效果及治疗满意度.结果 观察组手术效果显著优于对照组,两组手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度和住院时间差异均有统计学意义（t=-5.022、-15.413、-15.798、-38.613,均P〈0.01）.观察组术后疼痛、红肿发生均显著优于对照组（χ^2=8.166、15.316,均P〈0.01）.观察组美容优良率、治疗满意率分别为98.62%、98.16%,均优于对照组的89.13%、86.96%;（χ^2=18.589、10.132,均P〈0.01）.结论 微创旋切手术具有手术时间短、创伤小、恢复快、痛苦低、并发症少、美容效果好等优点,是治疗良性乳腺肿物的理想方法,值得在临床推广应用.     

超声引导下Mammotome微创旋切系统在乳腺良性肿块切除术中的应用

目的 探讨超声引导下麦默通(Mammotome)微创旋切系统在乳腺良性肿块切除中的临床应用价值.方法在超声引导下应用Mammotome乳腺微创旋切系统对215例患者456个乳房良性肿块施行微创旋切术(试验组);同期对 235 例 386个乳房良性肿块采用传统乳腺肿物切除术(对照组),分别对两组手术情况、术后并发症、美容效果和心理满意度等进行对比研究.结果 试验组 215 例 456 个病灶均准确成功切除,美容效果、心理满意度,试验组均明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 超声引导Mammotome 微创旋切手术作为对乳腺良性病变的治疗方式比传统手术切除具有明显优越性,具有微创、美容、操作简单、安全等优点,是一种值得推广的微创手术方法.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Hyperkalaemia in patients in hospital

A survey of all laboratory blood specimens with a plasma potassium concentration greater than or equal to 5.5 mmol/L was conducted over a three month period. Of 331 specimens with hyperkalaemia, 71 were excluded because the specimens was haemolysed, old or contaminated. The laboratory served a population of 348,561 and during this time measured the plasma potassium on 25,016 occasions. Sixty-six outpatients and 20 neonates were not evaluated. The survey was undertaken on 86 of 102 inpatients (46 males), 48 of whom were over 66 years of age. Fifty-seven patients were admitted under a medical service and 29 under a surgical service. Fifty-nine had a single episode of hyperkalaemia. Thirty-two underwent a surgical procedure. The commonest contributing factor was impaired renal function which was present in 71 (83%) patients. Although a definitive causative role for drugs could be identified in only five patients, in 52 (60%) patients drugs were a contributing factor (potassium supplements 24, ACE inhibitors 16, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs 12). Thirty-five of the 86 (41%) patients died during their hospital admission. Nineteen of the 35 deaths occurred within three days of the hyperkalaemia being recorded. A normal plasma potassium was eventually documented in 50 of the 86 patients. Of the remaining 36 patients, 25 (69%) subsequently died. In general the treatment of patients with hyperkalaemia focused on identifying and treating the underlying cause. Hyperkalaemia must always be considered seriously and regard given to the overall clinical status of the patient, with particular attention to drug therapy, renal and cardiac function, acid base status and the possibility of sepsis.