鼻内镜视神经减压术治疗外伤性视神经病与VEP的诊断价值

目的探索鼻内镜下视神经减压术的疗效及影响疗效的相关因素。方法外伤性视神经病37例,在外伤后3～30d内行鼻内镜下视神经减压术。13例病人术前和术后行FVEP检查。结果37例病人中21例术后视力获得改善,有效率为56.8%。13例术前和术后行FVEP监测中,能引出P100波的患眼术后疗效好于无P100波者(P<0.005)。结论外伤性视神经病应积极采用视神经减压术,手术后疗效与视神经的损伤程度密切相关,似并不完全取决于伤后时间。术前FVEP检测情况对预测预后有一定的帮助。     

鼻内镜下视神经减压术治疗外伤性视神经病72例

目的 探讨视神经减压术治疗外伤性视神经病的疗效。方法 对大剂量糖皮质激素冲击治疗无效的外伤性视神经病患者72例（73眼），采用鼻内镜下视神经减压术治疗。外伤至手术时间1～57d，其中≤3d15例，4—7d37例，8—10d9例，11—15d5例，16～30d5例，〉30d1例。术前视力：光感以上18眼；无光感55眼。结果 术后随访3个月-5年。73眼中46眼视力有不同程度的提高，总有效率63．01％。原无光感的55眼中，31眼视力有提高，有效率56．36％。有光感以上视力的18眼中，15眼视力有提高，有效率83．33％。术后全部患者术腔上皮化，术中无并发症发生。结论 经鼻内镜筛蝶窦入路视神经减压术进路简捷，损伤较小、疗效确切，且不遗留面部瘢痕，容易为患者所接受。对伤后时间较长、大剂量激素治疗无效、视力损伤严重的患者，手术仍有挽救视力的可能。     

鼻内镜下视神经管减压术治疗外伤性视力障碍14例报告

目的：探讨视神经管减压术治疗外伤性视力障碍的有效方法。方法：采用鼻内镜下视神经减压术治疗外伤性视力障碍患者14例。结果：随访3-18个月，其中8例有不同程度视力改善，6例无效。术后全部患者术腔上皮化，无并发症发生。结论：经鼻内镜筛蝶窦入路视神经减压术损伤较小，疗效确切，且不遗留面部瘢痕，容易为患者所接受。对伤后数天至1个月、大剂量激素治疗无效、视力损伤严重的患者，手术仍有可能挽救视力。     

双侧外伤性视神经损伤的经鼻内镜拯救手术

目的探讨双侧视神经损伤经鼻内镜手术治疗的必要性.方法对4例双侧外伤性视神经损伤导致完全失明的患者采用经鼻内镜视神经减压手术和综合性药物治疗,并分析其疗效.结果除1例伤后立即失明的患者外,其余伤后逐渐失明患者的视力治疗后均有不同程度的恢复.病例1伤后30 d手术,单侧视力从光感恢复至1.5;病例2伤后3 d手术,单侧视力从光感恢复至0.2;病例3伤后立即失明,双侧无光感,伤后6 d手术,双侧视力均无恢复;病例4伤后28 d手术,术前均无光感,术后左侧视力恢复至0.8,右侧恢复至0.2.结论对双侧外伤性视神经损伤导致失明的患者应积极采用手术治疗;长时间失明者仍有恢复视力的可能性;伤后视力逐渐丧失或遗留残余视力是手术治疗有效的基本依据,伤后即刻失明者,视力恢复的可能性较小.     

Delayed optic nerve decompression for indirect optic nerve injury

OBJECTIVE: To test the efficacy of delayed optic nerve decompression in traumatic optic nerve injury. STUDY DESIGN: Critical analysis of Proforma-based, prospectively accrued data of all cases with injury to surgery interval of greater than 2 weeks. METHODS: Thirty-five cases with a median injury to surgery interval of 56 days (range, 16-374 d). Surgical decompression was undertaken only in cases that continued to have poor vision after treatment with steroids in conventional doses (1 mg/kg prednisolone). Pre- and postoperative visual acuity measurements were converted to the logMAR scale of visual acuity and the percentage of visual improvement was calculated. RESULTS: Surgery was universally unrewarding in all 9 cases with persistent and complete blindness of greater than 2 weeks and no response to steroid therapy. Of the cases with some residual vision, 20 of 26 cases improved (mean percentage improvement, 41.0 +/- 5.7%). Cases were categorized on the basis of the injury to surgery interval into groups of 2 weeks to 2 months, 2 months to 4 months, and greater than 4 months. No significant difference was demonstrated in the probability or quantum of improvement in these groups (P =.97). CONCLUSIONS: Optic nerve decompression remains useful as a salvage procedure for conventional dose steroid failed cases of traumatic optic neuropathy. In cases that are not completely blind, vision can be improved even when surgery is undertaken a few months after the injury.     

经鼻内镜视神经减压术治疗外伤性视神经病

目的 探讨经鼻内镜视神经减压术治疗外伤性视神经病（TON）的临床疗效及相关预后因素。方法 回顾性分析深圳市龙岗区耳鼻咽喉医院2015—2018年21例TON患者经过大剂量激素冲击治疗无效后经鼻内镜行视神经减压术,术后以提高患者视力级别作为判断临床疗效的标准。结果 术后常规予抗生素及激素、改善循环、营养神经等药物治疗,所有患者随访6个月,14例术前无光感,术后有效6例,有效率42.9%。7例术前有残余光感,术后有效5例,有效率71.4%。伤后7 d内手术13例,术后有效9例,有效率69.2%。伤后7 d后手术8例,术后有效2例,有效率25.0%。结论 经鼻内镜视神经减压是治疗TON的有效方式,患者术前是否有残余光感及手术时机选择是否在7 d内对预后至关重要。     

Intranasal endoscopic surgery in traumatic optic neuropathy--the Belgian experience

The management of traumatic optic neuropathy remains controversial. In this report we present the results of 8 patients treated by means of an intranasal endoscopic approach to the optic canal after at least 12 hours of corticosteroid therapy without improvement. Vision improved in four of the eight patients who underwent the surgery. There was no morbidity or mortality. As the results of the endoscopic optic nerve decompression are comparable to those reported using other surgical procedures, we feel that this approach merits consideration by surgeons.     

Traumatic optic neuropathy: visual outcome following combined therapy protocol

OBJECTIVE: To assess the visual outcome in cases of traumatic optic neuropathy treated with a combined therapy protocol of methylprednisolone injections and endoscopic optic nerve decompression. DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized study. SETTING: Academic tertiary care referral center. PATIENTS: The study included 44 patients with posttraumatic indirect optic nerve injury. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity. RESULTS: Visual improvement was achieved in 31 patients (70%) when treatment was initiated within 7 days of injury, whereas only 10 patients (24%) showed improvement when the treatment was started after more than 7 days. The time lapse after injury and treatment, degree of visual loss, and computed tomographic evidence of canalicular and pericanalicular fractures were found to be significant prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic optic nerve decompression is a minimally invasive procedure that does not cause any adverse cosmetic effects. The risk-benefit ratio suggests that the combined therapy protocol of methylprednisolone injections and endoscopic optic nerve decompression results in a better visual outcome, without any major risks.     

经鼻内窥镜视神经管减压术的初步报告

目的 探索治疗视神经外伤较好的手术方法。方法 开展了经鼻内窥镜视神经管减压术，并与鼻外进路进行比较。结果 采用经鼻内窥镜鼻内进路视神经管减压术１４例，其中９例视力分别从术前的无光感、眼前手动、５０ｃｍ指数、眼前手动、无光感、光感、无光感、眼前动手、无光感到术后的０．２、０．３、０．３＾＋２、０．４、０．０６、０．３、０．１、０．７、０．１２，３例眼球活动障碍恢复正常，随访时间１个月￣１年。讨论了经     

Optic nerve decompression in trauma and tumor patients

Optic nerve decompression is a procedure that is now receiving increasing clinical attention. However, there are currently no standardized treatment protocols in the therapy of traumatic or pressure insults to the nerve. The present retrospective study was designed to report our experience with microscopic endonasal transethmoid-sphenoid optic nerve decompression in 24 unilateral trauma cases and 11 unilateral skull base tumor patients. In general preoperative visual acuities in the trauma patients were worse than in the tumor patients. Following surgery, 9 of 11 tumor patients (82%) had at least some improvement of their vision, including 5 complete recoveries. In the group with traumatic visual impairment, 16 of the patients had no light perception preoperatively. Postoperatively, 13 patients (54%) had at least some improvement, with 4 patients regaining normal or near normal vision. Compared to other techniques and approaches, our technique is a minimally invasive procedure for optic nerve decompression, reducing unnecessary operative trauma to nasal structures, skin incisions or even craniotomy and frontal lobe retraction. Received: 23 June 1998 / Accepted: 4 December 1998     

外伤性视神经损伤的临床处理

目的 :观察经鼻外筛蝶窦径路行视神经减压术辅助药物治疗对外伤性视神经损伤的疗效。方法 :14例外伤性视神经损伤患者经鼻外筛蝶窦径路行视神经减压术的同时辅以大剂量激素及神经营养药物治疗。结果 :总有效率为 5 7.14% ,术中、术后无任何严重并发症 ;其中 2例伤后 8、11d手术 ,术后 6个月仍无光感。结论 :鼻外筛蝶窦径路行视神经减压术损伤较小 ,术野暴露充分 ,简易安全 ;同时辅以药物治疗 ,更有利于神经功能恢复。综合性治疗对外伤性失明患者是一种较好的措施。     

鼻内镜下视神经减压治疗外伤性视神经病

目的 探讨鼻内镜下视神经减压治疗外伤性视神经病的疗效。方法 对外伤性视神经病患者应用大剂量皮质类固醇治疗,无效者15例行鼻内镜下视神经减压术。术前视力无光感者5例,光感者4例,眼前手动者3例,眼前数指者2例,视力0.1者1例。受伤至术前不足7d 4例,超过7d 11例。结果 术后随访3个月至4年, 9例视力有不同程度提高,总有效率为60%,术前无光感眼有效率为20%,有光感以上视力者术后有效率为80%。结论 鼻内镜视神经减压对外伤性视神经管内段神经病疗效确切、较其他径路创伤较小,尽管超过创伤7d,仍然是一种良好方法。     

视神经减压术治疗创伤性视神经病的疗效观察

目的 观察视神经减压术治疗创伤性视神经病的临床疗效.方法 30例创伤性视神经病患者,分别采用鼻外径路或经鼻内镜筛蝶窦径路施行视神经减压术,观察手术治疗的临床效果.结果 总有效率56.67%.术前无光感的16例中,6例术后视力显示一定程度的改善;术前有残余视力的14例中,11例的术后视力均有不同程度的提高.无1例发生严重并发症.结论 视神经减压术对创伤性视神经病导致的视力障碍,无论伤后时间长短和是否具有残余视力,均具有确切疗效.     

Endoscopic optic nerve decompression for the treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy

Optic nerve decompression has been accomplished by a variety of procedures. Since 1995, endoscopic optic nerve decompression (EOND) has been used to treat traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) patients in our hospital after medical treatment failed. To date, 17 TON patients have received EOND in our hospital and have been followed up for more than half a year. After decompression, vision improved in 9 patients, remained the same in 6, and became worse in 2. The dura was incidentally exposed during the operation in 1 patient. We conclude that it is easier and more precise to perform optic nerve decompression by EOND than by other optic nerve decompression procedures. However, its efficacy still needs further investigation.     

鼻内镜下视神经减压术治疗外伤性视神经损伤临床观察

目的探讨鼻内镜下视神经减压术治疗外伤性视神经损伤的临床疗效,并分析其手术预后的相关因素。方法回顾性分析广东省人民医院耳鼻咽喉科2004年11月～2016年3月期收治且具有完整随访资料的109例（110眼）外伤性视神经损伤患者的临床资料,其中男95例,女14例;年龄6~65岁,平均年龄27岁。所有患者均接受鼻内镜视神经减压术,评估手术的临床疗效及预后相关因素。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析。结果所有患者均随访3个月以上,手术的总体视力改善率为55.5%（61/110）,其中有效率21.8%（24／110）,显效率33.7%（37／110）;术前视力有光感者视力改善率达100%（24/24）,无光感者为44.2%（38/86）;没有病例术后视力较术前变差。手术时间距离受伤时间＜3 d者视力改善率为59.5%（22/37）,3~7 d为53.3%（32/60）,＞7 d为53.9%(7/13);术中切开视神经鞘膜者视力改善率为50.0%（4/8）,不切开者为55.9%（57/102）。单因素分析结果显示,术前视力与患者的手术预后呈显著的正相关（P=0.001）。而Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、性别、术前视力、外伤到手术间隔的时间以及术中是否行视神经鞘膜切开均不是影响患者手术预后的显著因素。结论鼻内镜下视神经减压术是治疗外伤性视神经损伤的有效手段,且外伤至手术的时间及术中是否行鞘膜切开与手术预后无显著相关。     

影像导航下经鼻内镜视神经减压治疗伴脑脊液鼻漏的创伤性视神经病

目的:探讨影像导航系统在伴有脑脊液鼻漏的创伤性视神经病患者手术治疗中的应用。方法:回顾性分析2006-06-2010-01期间收治的12例伴脑脊液鼻漏的创伤性视神经病患者,均在影像导航下经鼻内镜行视神经减压术,并同时行脑脊液鼻漏修补术。结果:随访3个月～1年,脑脊液鼻漏全部修补成功,患者视力恢复到0.3～0.6者1例,0.1～0.3者2例,0.1以下者1例,手动1例,恢复光感2例,总有效率为58.33%。结论:鼻内镜和影像导航系统的结合应用使手术视野开阔、定位精确并增加了安全性,尤其在局部解剖结构因外伤而导致毗邻关系改变的情况下,可有效减小创伤,提高安全性,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

Balanced (endoscopic medial and transcutaneous lateral) orbital decompression in Graves’ orbitopathy

Background: To determine the clinical outcomes and morbidity of endoscopic medial wall combined with transcutaneous lateral orbital wall decompression in Graves’ orbitopathy.

Methodology: A retrospective noncomparative case series of patients who underwent surgical decompression for Graves’ orbitopathy at Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada between 2004 and 2014 was performed. We reviewed the patients’ charts and analyzed before and after the decompression, the visual acuity (Snellen chart), optic nerve compression (fundoscopy and optic coherence tomography), exophthalmometry (Hertel measurement), ocular motility, diplopia, eyelid surgery needed after decompression and its possible complications.

Results: A total of 20 patients (36 orbits) were operated. The mean follow-up was 44 months (range 18–84). Vision improved dramatically in all compressive optic neuropathy cases (5 cases). Hertel measurements improved on average 3.5?mm (range 1.5–4.5). Diplopia was cured in eight patients (40%) and nine patients with severe preoperative diplopia required strabismus surgery after decompression. Eyelid surgery was further needed in 13 patients. Hyaluronic acid injection was the most used technique for the treatment of eyelid retraction (6 out of 13 patients). Only two major complications were observed: one case had a major post-operative epistaxis and another a cerebrospinal fluid leak. Both were resolved without further sequelae.

Conclusions: These results suggest that endoscopic medial wall combined with transcutaneous lateral wall orbital decompression is an effective and safe treatment for the symptomatic dysthyroid eye disease with important proptosis or compressive optic neuropathy.     

视神经减压术中蝶窦外侧壁的结构辨认和保护

目的探讨鼻内镜下视神经减压术中如何准确找到和开放视神经管,避免毗邻重要结构损伤,并介绍术中大动脉出血的紧急处理。方法确诊为外伤性视神经病的患者3 0例,术前明确视神经、颈内动脉、眼动脉的位置和损伤情况,定位彼此间的解剖关系。术中以术前的影像学资料为依据初步定位视神经的位置,采取直接开放视神经管或沿眶尖向后逐渐开放视神经管的方式减压视神经,同时注意毗邻解剖结构的保护。结果 30例均准确定位视神经管和视神经;28例顺利完成视神经减压;2例眼动脉假性动脉瘤出血,经及时窦腔填塞止血,终止视神经减压手术;无手术所致的视神经、颈内动脉、眼动脉和海绵窦损伤等严重并发症。结论以影像学资料为依据选择恰当的方法开放视神经管;注意蝶窦外侧壁结构的保护,并掌握紧急处理和预防颈内动脉和眼动脉出血的方法;是防止严重并发症和保证手术顺利完成的关键。     

鼻内镜下视神经减压术治疗外伤性视力完全丧失的预后相关因素分析

目的探讨鼻内镜下视神经减压术对外伤性视力完全丧失的疗效,并评估其预后相关因素。方法回顾性分析85例外伤性视力完全丧失患者的临床资料,通过单因素分析和Logistic回归分析来评估其潜在的预后相关因素。结果鼻内镜下视神经减压术后,患者总体视力提高44．7％（38J85）。单因素分析显示：筛窦和（或）蝶窦内积血是视力改善的负性因素。而Logistic回归分析显示：外伤到手术的时间超过3d、筛窦和（或）蝶窦内积血与外伤性视力丧失的预后呈负性相关。结论筛窦和（或）蝶窦内积血、外伤到手术的时间超过3d是外伤性视力丧失视力恢复的危险因素。视力完全丧失的患者伤后3d内如能实施手术,视力可能得以较好改善。     

Combined Transconjunctival/Intranasal Endoscopic Approach to the Optic Canal in Traumatic Optic Neuropathy

Surgical decompression of the optic canal is indicated in patients with traumatic optic neuropathy who fail to respond to corticosteroids. Traditional surgical approaches to the orbital apex have been effective in achieving optic nerve decompression but require either a craniotomy, provide limited exposure with late identification and protection of the optic nerve, or require external incisions. The combined transconjunctival/intranasal endoscopic approach to the optic canal offers sufficient exposure, allows early identification and protection of the optic nerve, provides space for the use of multiple surgical instruments, obviates a craniotomy and external incisions, and can be performed quickly with minimal morbidity. The technique of combined transconjunctival/intranasal endoscopic optic nerve decompression will be described and the experience with nine cases will be presented.