TRPC1/ORAI1复合体调节HUVECs SOC和ROC介导的Ca~(2+)内流和NO生成

目的研究瞬时受体电位通道1(TRPC1)/钙释放激活钙通道调节分子1(ORAI1)复合体在人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)钙池操纵性钙通道(SOC)和受体操纵性钙通道(ROC)介导Ca~(2+)内流和NO生成中的作用。方法取2~3代HUVECs,将构建的TRPC1和ORAI1干扰质粒分别转染入HUVECs。用激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞转染效果,real-time PCR和Western blot检测TRPC1、ORAI1 mRNA和蛋白的表达及抑制效率。细胞随机分组:特异性质粒转染组即实验组,未转染组即空白对照组及空质粒组(vehicle组),将上述3组细胞分别与CaR激动剂、ROC模拟剂TPA+CaR负性变构调节剂Calhex231、蛋白激酶C(PKC)抑制剂Ro31-8220、经典型PKCs和PKCμ抑制剂Go6967孵育,用荧光探针Fura-2/AM及DAF-FM负载方法同步检测[Ca~(2+)]i和NO。随后将构建的TRPC1和ORAI1干扰质粒同时转染入HUVEC,与CaR激动剂孵育后检测[Ca~(2+)]i和NO,用免疫共沉淀法检测TRPC1和ORAI1的相互作用。结果 1)与对照组相比,TRPC1及ORAI1组,mRNA和蛋白表达均明显降低(P0.05);2)在4种不同处理作用下,TRPC1及ORAI1转染组中细胞内Ca~(2+)浓度变化值和NO净荧光强度值均明显降低(P0.05);3)与对照组及单转染TRPC1及ORAI1组比,共转染组细胞内Ca~(2+)浓度变化值和NO净荧光强度值均明显降低(P0.05);4)TRPC1与ORAI1相互作用形成复合体,且在CaR激动剂的剌激下相互作用增强。结论 TRPC1与ORAI1复合体共同调节CaR经SOC和ROC激活介导的Ca~(2+)内流和NO生成。     

5-aza-2dC诱导白血病细胞分化及对Annexin A1/A2表达和甲基化状态的影响

目的：观察甲基化转移酶抑制剂5-杂氮-2’-脱氧胞苷(5-aza-2’-deoxycitydine, 5-aza-2dC)对人急性髓系白血病细胞系HL-60细胞分化及对膜联蛋白A1/A2(Annexin A1/A2)表达和甲基化状态的影响。 方法：瑞氏染色和流式细胞术检测5-aza-2dC对HL-60细胞分化的影响;RT-PCR法检测药物处理HL-60细胞前后Annexin A1和A2基因mRNA的表达水平;甲基化特异性PCR(methylation-specific PCR,MSP)检测药物处理HL-60细胞前后Annexin A1和A2基因启动子区域CpG岛的甲基化水平。 结果：5-aza-2dC处理后HL-60细胞的髓系分化抗原CD11b的表达增强,细胞向成熟分化,且在0.5 μmol/L时其促分化作用最明显;Annexin A1和A2基因在HL-60细胞中低表达,0.5 μmol/L 5-aza-2dC处理HL-60细胞72 h后,Annexin A1和A2基因mRNA表达水平明显上调,而其启动子区域CpG岛甲基化水平明显降低。结论：5-aza-2dC具有促进白血病细胞分化的作用,Annexin A1和A2基因启动子去甲基化可能与5-aza-2dC诱导白血病细胞分化有关。     

食管鳞状细胞癌中miR-4687-5P及STIM1的表达及调控机制

目的检测食管鳞状细胞癌(esophageal squamous cell cancer,ESCC)细胞株及组织中miR-4687-5P及STIM1基因的表达及STIM1基因启动子区的甲基化状况,进一步探讨miR-4687-5P与STIM1基因表达的相关性以及两者是否具有共同的表达调控机制。方法应用qRT-PCR及甲基化特异性PCR(methylation specific PCR,MSP)法检测ESCC细胞株(TE13、KYSE150、T.Tn)及89例ESCC及相应癌旁非肿瘤组织中miR-4687-5P及STIM1基因的表达及甲基化情况,并分析其相关性。结果 ESCC组织中miR-4687-5P与STIM1基因表达均明显下调,且表达具有一致性。miR-4687-5P与STIM1基因在3株ESCC细胞系中表达较弱,应用甲基化抑制剂5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine(5-Aza-Dc)处理细胞株后两基因表达均明显增强,而甲基化条带明显减弱或消失; ESCC组织中,STIM1基因启动子区呈高甲基化状态,且其甲基化频率与STIM1及miR-4687-5P的表达均相关(P 0. 01)。结论 ESCC中miR-4687-5P与STIM1基因表达均下调; miR-4687-5P表达可能受宿主基因STIM1启动子的调控,其启动子区的高甲基化状态可能是引起miR-4687-5P与STIM1基因在ESCC中表达下调的共同机制之一。     

STIM1 对乳腺癌细胞存活与增殖的影响及初步机制分析

目的：探讨STIM1对乳腺癌细胞存活与增殖的影响及初步机制分析。方法：以正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A作为对照,Western blot检测乳腺癌 MCF7、HCC1569、MDA-MB-231、BT549细胞中STIM1的蛋白表达;将STIM1的靶向siRNA序列（STIM1-siRNA组）转染MDA-MB-231细胞,并设置阴性对照组和空白对照组,转染48 h后检测各组细胞STIM1的蛋白表达;MTT法检测转染24、48和72 h的细胞活力;流式细胞术检测转染48 h的细胞凋亡率;RT-PCR检测IL-6 和TNF-α 的mRNA表达;Western blot检测增殖相关蛋白细胞增殖核抗原（PCNA）、凋亡蛋白B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2（Bcl-2）、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3（Caspase3）及STAT3和磷酸化的信号转导与转录因子3(p-STAT3)的蛋白表达。结果：乳腺癌细胞中STIM1的蛋白表达均显著高于在MCF-10A细胞表达（P<0.05）;转染STIM1的siRNA后MDA-MB-231细胞中STIM1的蛋白表达显著低于空白对照组（P<0.05）;与空白对照组比较,STIM1-siRNA 组细胞在48 h和72 h的细胞活力显著降低,在48 h的细胞凋亡率显著升高,IL-6 和TNF-α 的mRNA表达显著降低,PCNA、Bcl-2和p-STAT3的蛋白表达显著降低,Bax和Caspase3蛋白表达显著升高。结论：STIM1基因在乳腺癌细胞高表达,通过RNA干扰抑制其表达可降低癌细胞活力,诱导细胞凋亡、提高免疫及下调STAT3信号。     

钙释放激活钙通道调节分子1促进结肠癌细胞系SW480的增殖

目的 探讨钙释放激活钙通道调节分子1(ORAI1)对结肠癌细胞系SW480增殖的影响及其机制.方法 以ORAI1干扰慢病毒感染SW480细胞,分别用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测细胞中ORAI1mRNA和蛋白的表达,通过MTT法、集落形成实验和倍增时间检测细胞的增殖,流式细胞仪检测其周期,激光共聚焦显微镜检测细胞钙内流(SOCE),Western blot法检测细胞中ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2和CyclinD1蛋白表达.结果 SW480转染ORAI1干扰慢病毒72 h后,可见明显的荧光表达;干扰组较空病毒组和对照组,ORAI1的表达降低(P＜0.01)、细胞生长减慢(P＜0.05)、集落形成能力减弱(P＜0.01)、倍增时间延长(P＜0.01)、G1期细胞比例增高(P＜0.05)、SOCE内流峰值降低(P＜0.05)、p-ERK1/2和CyclinD1的蛋白表达量降低(P＜0.01).结论 ORAI1可能通过SOCE调节胞内Ca2+浓度,并进一步通过MAPK信号通路促进SW480细胞的增殖.     

Jmjd3和Ezh2酶活性抑制剂对人间充质干细胞成脂分化的影响及机制研究

目的 研究EZH2和JMJD3对人脂肪间充质干细胞成脂分化的影响及可能机制。方法 体外培养人脂肪来源间充质干细胞并进行诱导分化。分化过程中分别加入EZH2酶活性抑制剂GSK126（6 μM）和JMJD3酶活性抑制剂GSKJ4（20 μM）,对照组加入DMSO。采用Realtime PCR方法检测脂肪细胞分化基因PPARγ、FABP4和ADIPOQ;棕色化标志基因UCP1、PRDM16和CIDEA,以及米色脂肪独有的标志基因CD137、TMEM26和TBX1,并计算各组与对照组的相对表达量。采用West     

HMGB1促进类风湿性关节炎滑膜成纤维细胞表达基质金属蛋白酶-13

目的:探讨高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)能否激活类风湿性关节炎滑膜成纤维细胞(RASF)表达基质金属蛋白酶-13(MMP-13)。方法:HMGB1与RASF共孵育后,采用流式细胞术、实时RT-PCR、ELISA分别检测细胞周期和MMP-13的基因表达量以及蛋白表达水平。结果:1μg/ml HMGB1刺激滑膜成纤维细胞3小时,MMP-13 mRNA的表达明显增加;HMGB1刺激滑膜成纤维细胞48小时后MMP-13蛋白分泌增高,并且滑膜成纤维细胞增殖周期速度加快。结论:HMGB1可以激活滑膜成纤维细胞,使其增殖周期速度加快,MMP-13表达增加,提示HMGB1通过作用于滑膜成纤维细胞表达MMP-13加强关节结构破坏。     

神经调节蛋白1诱导小鼠胚胎干细胞向心肌细胞的分化及其机制探讨

背景：前期研究发现神经调节蛋白1早期干预能够诱导胚胎干细胞向心肌细胞分化。 目的：进一步观察神经调节蛋白1诱导小鼠胚胎干细胞向心肌细胞分化的途径。 方法：分别观察胚胎干细胞自发与在神经调节蛋白1诱导情况下向心肌细胞的分化,RT-PCR检测胚胎干细胞自发与诱导分化下心肌特异性早期转录因子GATA-4、Nkx2.5 mRNA的表达,细胞免疫组织化学检测胚胎干细胞自发与诱导分化下心肌肌钙蛋白T及磷酸化蛋白激酶B的表达,Western blot半定量分析自发与诱导分化下心肌细胞磷酸化蛋白激酶B的表达。 结果与结论：神经调节蛋白1诱导心肌分化率显著高于自发心肌分化率。神经调节蛋白1呈剂量依赖性上调GATA-4、Nkx2.5 mRNA表达;表皮生长因子样受体拮抗剂及磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶抑制剂阻断了神经调节蛋白1对Nkx2.5 mRNA的表达上调作用。Western blot分析显示神经调节蛋白1诱导组拟胚体中自发性搏动心肌细胞团磷酸化蛋白激酶B的相对表达高于自发心肌分化组。提示神经调节蛋白1可能通过磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/磷酸化蛋白激酶B信号通路诱导胚胎干细胞向心肌细胞分化。     

STIM1基因在人下咽癌细胞系FaDu中的表达及对细胞凋亡的影响

目的探索STIM1基因在人下咽癌细胞系Fa Du中的表达情况及其表达沉默后对细胞凋亡的影响。方法培养人下咽癌Fa Du细胞,根据不同慢病毒感染分2组。STIM1-siRNA组为经STIM1-siRNA慢病毒感染的下咽癌细胞;对照组为经阴性对照慢病毒感染的下咽癌细胞。Real-Time PCR法检测STIM1在人下咽癌Fa Du细胞中的表达以及siRNA慢病毒感染后STIM1mRNA水平的表达;Western blot检测siRNA慢病毒感染后STIM1在蛋白水平的表达;流式细胞仪检测STIM1基因沉默后的人下咽癌Fa Du细胞的凋亡情况。采用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果以GAPDH为内参(Ct=12.08±0.05),STIM1在下咽癌细胞系Fa Du中表达显著(Ct=22.21±0.05,P0.01);Real-time PCR结果显示对照组和STIM1-siRNA组人下咽癌Fa Du细胞的表达值分别为(1.00±0.08)和(0.12±0.01),2组差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);Western blot的结果显示,STIM1-siRNA组Fa Du细胞中STIM1蛋白明显受抑制,与Real-time PCR结果一致,慢病毒感染成功;流式细胞仪检测结果显示对照组凋亡率为(4.36±1.32)%;实验组凋亡率为(9.81±0.56)%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 STIM1基因与人下咽癌Fa Du细胞凋亡显著相关,人下咽癌Fa Du细胞中,STIM1可能抑制凋亡,可能成为下咽癌诊治的全新切入点。     

钙离子感受蛋白STIM1与Orai1在钙敏感受体介导钙内流及NO生成中的相互作用

目的:研究Ca~(2+)感受蛋白[基质相互作用分子1(STIM1)与钙释放激活钙通道蛋白1(Orai1)]在人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)钙敏感受体(Ca SR)介导的钙内流和一氧化氮(NO)生成中的相互作用。方法:将Ca SR激动剂精胺[钙池操纵性钙通道(SOC)和受体操纵性钙通道(ROC)均激活]单用或与ROC模拟剂12-O-十四烷酰佛波醇-13-醋酸酯(TPA)+Ca SR负性变构调节剂Calhex 231(激活ROC、阻断SOC)、蛋白激酶C(PKC)抑制剂Ro 31-8220和PKCα/β1选择性抑制剂Go 6976(激活SOC、阻断ROC)联合孵育HUVECs;利用免疫荧光技术检测HUVECs中STIM1和Orai1的蛋白表达和共定位;免疫共沉淀法检测STIM1和Orai1之间的相互作用;取2~3代HUVECs随机分为特异性的质粒转染组(sh STIM1+sh Orai1组)、空质粒组(vehicle-STIM1+vehicle-Orai1组)和未转染组(control组),将3组细胞分别加入上述4组不同药物刺激,采用荧光探针Fura-2/AM检测HUVECs中Ca~(2+)浓度的变化,NO荧光探针DAF-FM DA负载方法同步检测HUVECs中NO生成的变化。结果:STIM1和Orai1蛋白表达共定位于胞浆,与control组相比,加入Calhex 231+TPA、Ro 31-8220和Go 6976刺激后,STIM1和Orai1在胞浆中的定位均减少,且二者的相互作用均减弱;在4种不同处理因素作用下,sh STIM1+sh Orai1组细胞内Ca~(2+)浓度和NO净荧光强度均明显降低(P0.05)。结论:STIM1与Orai1以二元复合物的形式共同调节Ca SR,并通过激活SOC和ROC介导钙内流及NO生成。     

Calcium entry via ORAI1 regulates glioblastoma cell proliferation and apoptosis

Introduction

Calcium entry plays a critical role in the proliferation and survival of certain tumors. Ca²⁺ release activated Ca²⁺ (CRAC) channels constitute one of the most important pathways for calcium entry especially that of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). ORAI1 and stromal interaction molecule1 (STIM1) are essential protein components of CRAC channels. In this study we tested the effect of inhibiting CRAC through ORAI1 and STIM1 on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumor cell proliferation and survival.

Methods

Two glioblastoma cell lines, C6 (rat) and U251 (human), were used in the study. ORAI1 and STIM1 expressions were examined using Western blot and immunohistochemistry. CRAC channel activity and its components were inhibited with ion channel blockers and using siRNA knockdown. Changes in intracellular calcium concentration were recorded using Fura-2 fluorescent calcium imaging. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined using MTS and TUNEL assays, respectively.

Results

CRAC blockers, such as SKF-96365 (1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl) propoxy]ethyl-1H-imidazole), 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and Diethylstilbestrol (DES), inhibited cell proliferations and SOCE in GBM cells. Knockdown of ORAI1 and STIM1 proteins using siRNA significantly inhibited C6 cell proliferation and SOCE compared with those in control cells, and a more significant effect was observed in cells with ORAI1 siRNA knockdown than that of STIM1-treated cells. Both CRAC blockers and siRNA treatments increased apoptosis in C-6 cells compared with control.

Conclusion

Calcium entry via ORAI1 and CRAC channels are important for GBM proliferation and survival.     

ORAI1 and STIM1 deficiency in human and mice: roles of store-operated Ca2+ entry in the immune system and beyond

Summary:  Store-operated Ca²⁺ entry (SOCE) is a mechanism used by many cells types including lymphocytes and other immune cells to increase intracellular Ca²⁺ concentrations to initiate signal transduction. Activation of immunoreceptors such as the T-cell receptor, B-cell receptor, or Fc receptors results in the release of Ca²⁺ ions from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca²⁺ stores and subsequent activation of plasma membrane Ca²⁺ channels such as the well-characterized Ca²⁺ release-activated Ca²⁺ (CRAC) channel. Two genes have been identified that are essential for SOCE: ORAI1 as the pore-forming subunit of the CRAC channel in the plasma membrane and stromal interaction molecule-1 (STIM1) sensing the ER Ca²⁺ concentration and activating ORAI1-CRAC channels. Intense efforts in the past several years have focused on understanding the molecular mechanism of SOCE and the role it plays for cell functions in vitro and in vivo . A number of transgenic mouse models have been generated to investigate the role of ORAI1 and STIM1 in immunity. In addition, mutations in ORAI1 and STIM1 identified in immunodeficient patients provide valuable insight into the role of both genes and SOCE. This review focuses on the role of ORAI1 and STIM1 in vivo , discussing the phenotypes of ORAI1- and STIM1-deficient human patients and mice.     

TRPC1在TGF-β1诱导支气管上皮细胞间充质转化中的作用

目的:探究经典瞬时受体电位通道1(TRPC1)在转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)诱导人支气管上皮细胞(16HBE)间充质转化(EMT)中的作用。方法:以16HBE细胞株为研究对象,免疫荧光、RT-PCR和Western blotting检测16HBE细胞EMT过程中TRPC1 mRNA和蛋白的表达;Western blotting检测TRPC1阻断剂和siRNA干扰对16HBE细胞EMT的影响。结果:(1)TGF-β1刺激后细胞形态明显改变,E-钙黏蛋白表达减少(P0.01),而α-SMA蛋白表达增加(P0.05)。(2)TRPC1广泛存在于16HBE细胞,且TGF-β1刺激后TRPC1 mRNA和蛋白的表达增加(P0.05)。(3)与TGF-β1组相比,阻断剂和TGF-β1共同作用组或siRNA和TGF-β1共同作用组细胞形态改变受抑制,E-钙黏蛋白和α-SMA蛋白表达受抑制(P0.05)。结论:TGF-β1诱导16HBE细胞发生EMT,其机制可能与其上调16HBE细胞TRPC1有关。     

ORAI and store-operated calcium influx in human airway smooth muscle cells

The initial bronchoconstrictor response of the asthmatic airway depends on airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction. Intracellular calcium is a key signaling molecule, mediating a number of responses, including proliferation, gene expression, and contraction of ASM. Ca(2+) influx through receptor-operated calcium (ROC) or store-operated calcium (SOC) channels is believed to mediate longer term signals. The mechanisms of SOC activation in ASM remain to be elucidated. Recent literature has identified the STIM and ORAI proteins as key signaling players in the activation of the SOC subtype; calcium release-activated channel current (I(CRAC)) in a number of inflammatory cell types. However, the role for these proteins in activation of SOC in smooth muscle is unclear. We have previously demonstrated a role for STIM1 in SOC channel activation in human ASM. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and define the potential roles of the ORAI proteins in SOC-associated Ca(2+) influx in human ASM cells. Here we show that knockdown of ORAI1 by siRNA resulted in reduced thapsigargin- or cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)-induced Ca(2+) influx, without affecting Ca(2+) release from stores or basal levels. CPA-induced inward currents were also reduced in the ORAI1 knockdown cells. We propose that ORAI1 together with STIM1 are important contributors to SOC entry in ASM cells. These data extend the major tissue types in which these proteins appear to be major determinants of SOC influx, and suggest that modulation of these pathways may prove useful in the treatment of bronchoconstriction.     

ATP depletion induces translocation of STIM1 to puncta and formation of STIM1–ORAI1 clusters: translocation and re-translocation of STIM1 does not require ATP

Depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium store triggers translocation of stromal interacting molecule one (STIM1) to the sub-plasmalemmal region and formation of puncta—structures in which STIM1 interacts and activates calcium channels. ATP depletion induced the formation of STIM1 puncta in PANC1, RAMA37, and HeLa cells. The sequence of events triggered by inhibition of ATP production included a rapid decline of ATP, depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P₂) and a slow calcium leak from the ER followed by formation of STIM1 puncta. STIM1 puncta induced by ATP depletion were co-localized with clusters of ORAI1 channels. STIM1–ORAI1 clusters that developed as a result of ATP depletion were very poor mediators of Ca²⁺ influx. Re-translocation of STIM1 from puncta back to the ER was observed during total ATP depletion. We can therefore conclude that STIM1 translocation and re-translocation as well as formation of STIM1–ORAI1 clusters occur in an ATP-independent fashion and under conditions of PI(4,5)P₂ depletion. Michael Chvanov and Ciara M. Walsh are considered as equal first authors.     

职业苯接触工人外周血T-bet和GATA-3表达变化的特点

目的: 了解职业苯接触及慢性苯中毒工人外周血中T细胞特异性转录因子T-bet和GATA-3 mRNA表达情况。方法: 利用SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR分别检测20例正常人、25例职业苯接触工人和27例慢性苯中毒工人外周血单个核细胞T-bet和GATA-3 mRNA表达情况。结果: 在职业接触苯工人组及慢性苯中毒工人组,多数样本表现为GATA-3表达上升和T-bet表达下降,而少数病人则表现为相反的模式。GATA-3在正常人的表达水平为0.39±0.22,与正常组对照比较职业接触苯工人组中有19例GATA-3表达水平呈上升趋势(0.57±0.54), 慢性苯中毒工人组中则有20例GATA-3表达水平呈上升趋势(0.52±0.50)。此外,在职业接触苯工人组中发现6例GATA-3表达水平显著下降(0.15±0.12,P<0.05), 同样在慢性苯中毒工人组中也有7例GATA-3表达水平显著下降(0.07±0.06,P<0.05)。T-bet在正常人的表达水平为2.15±1.45,与正常组对照比较职业接触苯工人组中有19例T-bet表达水平呈下降趋势(1.91±1.49), 慢性苯中毒工人组中T-bet表达水平均呈下降趋势(1.52±0.56)。此外,在职业接触苯工人组中也可发现6例T-bet表达水平显著上升(3.19±2.10,P<0.05)。结论: 职业苯接触及慢性苯中毒影响工人外周血中T细胞特异性转录因子T-bet和GATA-3 mRNA表达水平。     

Calcium signaling in mouse oocyte maturation: the roles of STIM1, ORAI1 and SOCE

Calcium handling is critical for the oocyte function, since the first steps of fertilization are dependent on the appropriate Ca(2+) mobilization to originate transient spikes of the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration. It is well known that the Ca(2+) influx from the extracellular milieu is required to maintain this signaling in mammalian oocytes. However, the regulation of the Ca(2+) channels involved in this process is still unknown in oocytes. STIM1, a key regulator of store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE), relocates in the mouse oocyte shortly after sperm stimulation, suggesting that SOCE is involved in the maintenance of cytosolic Ca(2+)-spiking in the fertilized oocyte. Here, we show that there is an up-regulation of the expression of STIM1 at the germinal vesicle breakdown stage, and this expression remains steady during following maturation stages. We found that oocytes express ORAI1, a store-operated Ca(2+) channel, and that ORAI1 expression level was stable during oocyte maturation. Immature oocytes showed no Ca(2+) entry and no increase in STIM1-ORAI1 colocalization in response to the store depletion induced by thapsigargin. On the contrary, in mature oocytes, STIM1-ORAI1 colocalization is enhanced 3-fold by depletion of Ca(2+) stores, enabling the activation of store-operated calcium channels and therefore Ca(2+) entry. Finally, the correlation between SOCE activation during the maturation of oocytes and STIM1-ORAI1 colocalization strongly suggests that ORAI1 is involved in the Ca(2+) entry pathway in the mature oocyte. SOCE up-regulation in the final stage of maturation is further evidence of a major role for SOCE in fully mature oocytes, and therefore in Ca(2+) signaling at fertilization.     

卵巢早衰患者来源的诱导多能干细胞的建系、鉴定及诱导分化

 目的: 建立和鉴定卵巢早衰(又称原发性卵巢功能不全,primary ovarian insufficiency,POI)患者来源的诱导多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells,iPSCs),研究其向原始生殖细胞分化的潜能。方法: 将表达Oct4、Sox2、c-Myc、Klf4和Lin28基因的pEB-C5和表达SV40 T抗原的pEB-Tg质粒转染POI患者的外周血单个核细胞,将其重编程为iPSCs并检测其干细胞多能性特性。添加转化生长因子β1(transfroming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)和骨形态发生蛋白 4(bone morphogenetic protein 4,BMP4)后,应用real-time PCR和 Western blot方法分别检测原始生殖细胞标志物的mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果: 通过碱性磷酸酶染色、细胞免疫荧光、拟胚体及畸胎瘤形成检测,证明了POI患者外周血来源的iPSCs可成功向3胚层细胞分化并保持多能性。添加TGF-β1和BMP4后,诱导组原始生殖细胞特异性标志物干细胞生长因子受体(stem cell growth factor receptor, c-Kit)、发育多能性相关蛋白 3 (developmental pluripotency-associated 3,STELLA/DPPA3)和DEAD盒多肽 4(DEAD box polypeptide 4,VASA/DDX4)的mRNA水平明显升高(P<0.05),VASA/DDX4蛋白表达水平亦明显增加(P<0.05)。结论: POI患者外周血单个核细胞在体外可被成功诱导成无外源性基因整合的iPSCs,并且具有多能分化特性,添加TGF-β1和BMP4后可向原始生殖细胞分化。