三硝酸铈致大鼠肝脏脂质过氧化损伤

ＳＤ成年大鼠随机分为２组,每组３０只,另设对照组（６０只）。一次性腹腔注射１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇＣｅ（ＮＯ３）３,分别于３、６、１２、２４、４８ｈ处死,测定其肝脏蛋白质浓度、ＭＤＡ、ＧＳＨ含量及ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ、ＧＳＨ、Ｐｘ、ＧＳＨ、ＳＴ酶的活性。结果显示,注入Ｃｅ（ＮＯ３）３以后,大鼠肝脏内蛋白质浓度、ＭＤＡ含量明显增加,而ＧＳＨ含量及ＳＯＤ、ＧＡＴ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ、ＧＳＨ－ＳＴ酶的活性则显著降低。提示Ｃｅ（ＮＯ３）３进入大鼠体内后,早期能够引起肝脏脂质过氧化损伤,使大鼠肝脏抗氧化能力、抗诱变能力降低,估计脂质过氧化损伤可能是由于Ｃｅ３＋与ＧＳＨ作用导致ＧＳＨ耗竭所致。     

β-胡萝卜素对二甲基亚硝胺致大鼠脂质过氧化的影响

探讨了给予二甲基亚硝胺（ＮＤＭＮ），同时补充β－胡萝卜素（β－Ｃ）后，大鼠体内抗氧化酶活性和脂质过氧化物含量的变化。结果显示，一定剂量的ＮＤＭＮ可使大鼠血红细胞、肝肾匀浆ＳＯＤ活性和全血ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），血清和肝ＭＤＡ和血清ＲＯＯＨ产生增多（Ｐ＜０．０５）。添加β－Ｃ（２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）后，ＳＯＤ和ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性均比单纯ＮＤＭＮ组有明显提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＭＤＡ和ＲＯＯＨ含量明显低于ＮＤＭＮ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示自由基和脂质过氧化反应可能也是ＮＤＭＮ及其它亚硝胺致癌的途径之一；一定剂量的β－Ｃ可对抗ＮＤＭＮ引起的自由基和脂质过氧化。     

糖尿病患者的血液一氧化氮和氧化及脂质过氧化指标

检测１１４例糖尿病患者和１００例健康人血浆中的一氧化氮（ Ｐ Ｎ Ｏ）、维生素 Ｃ（ Ｐ Ｖ Ｃ）、维生素 Ｅ（ Ｐ Ｖ Ｅ）、β 胡萝卜素（ Ｐ β Ｃ Ａ Ｒ）、过氧化脂质（ Ｐ Ｌ Ｐ Ｏ）含量及红细胞中的超氧化物歧化酶（ Ｅ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ）、过氧化氢酶（ Ｅ Ｃ Ａ Ｔ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ Ｅ Ｇ Ｓ Ｈ Ｐｘ）活性和过氧化脂质（ Ｅ Ｌ Ｐ Ｏ）含量以探讨与糖尿病的关系。结果表明,糖尿病组及Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型糖尿病组的 Ｐ Ｎ Ｏ、 Ｐ Ｌ Ｐ Ｏ、 Ｅ Ｌ Ｐ Ｏ 均显著高于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ００１）, Ｐ Ｖ Ｃ、 Ｐ Ｖ Ｅ、 Ｐ β Ｃ Ａ Ｒ、 Ｅ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ、 Ｅ Ｃ Ａ Ｔ、 Ｅ Ｇ Ｓ Ｈ Ｐｘ 均显著低于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ００１）;并随着病程的延长而逐渐升高或降低。逐步回归分析结果提示患者病程与 Ｐ Ｎ Ｏ、 Ｐ Ｖ Ｃ、 Ｅ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ、 Ｅ Ｇ Ｓ Ｈ Ｐｘ、 Ｅ Ｌ Ｐ Ｏ 值密切相关。认为糖尿病患者 Ｎ Ｏ 代谢异常,抗氧化、抗过氧化和抗脂质过氧化作用受损。     

烹调油烟对大鼠肺组织SOD和MDA及骨髓MN变化的研究

通过观察烹调油烟冷凝物（ＲＣ）对大鼠肺组织超氧化物岐化酶（ＳＯＤ）和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）及骨髓微核（ＭＮ）率的变化，探讨了其变化规律和作用机理。采用ＲＣ气管灌注大鼠的方法，对ＲＣ的ＳＯＤ、ＭＤＡ、ＳＯＤ／ＭＤＡ比值及ＭＮ进行了分析。结果显示：低（２２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）、中（４５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）、高（９００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）３个剂量ＲＣ组和阳性苯并（ａ）芘［Ｂ（ａ）Ｐ］对照组大鼠肺组织ＳＯＤ活性明显低于溶剂二甲基亚砜（ＤＭＳＯ）组和阴性对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），而且呈剂量－效应关系；３个剂量ＲＣ组和Ｂ（ａ）Ｐ组ＭＤＡ浓度明显高于ＤＭＳＯ和阴性对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＳＯＤ／ＭＤＡ比值均有下降趋势；中剂量ＲＣ使ＭＮ率上升，高剂量ＲＣ对ＭＮ率的效应更明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示ＲＣ可使体内抗氧化和脂质过氧化平衡失调。表明ＲＣ对超氧化物歧化酶系统有强烈的抑制作用。长期接触烹调油烟对肺组织有明显损伤作用，甚至有可能诱发肺部肿瘤     

矽肺与NO、氧化及脂质过氧化关系的探讨

目的探讨矽肺与ＮＯ及氧化和脂质过氧化的关系。方法检测７３例矽肺患者和６０例健康对照者的血浆ＮＯ、ＶｉｔＣ、ＶｉｔＥ、β胡萝卜素（βＣＡＲ）、过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）含量及红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨＰｘ）活力和ＬＰＯ含量。结果与对照组比较,矽肺组的血浆ＶｉｔＣ、ＶｉｔＥ、βＣＡＲ含量及红细胞ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ、ＧＳＨＰｘ活力显著降低,血浆ＮＯ、ＬＰＯ含量及红细胞ＬＰＯ含量显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）;各检测值与病程均有相关;血浆ＮＯ、ＶｉｔＥ含量及红细胞ＳＯＤ活力、ＬＰＯ含量与病程相关最密切。结论矽肺患者体内的ＮＯ代谢异常,氧化和脂质过氧化反应病理性加剧。     

脂质过氧化物及超氧化物歧化酶在肾小球疾病中的临床观察

本研究测定了２５例原发性肾病综合征（ＰＮＳ）、１５例急性肾小球肾炎（ＡＧＮ）患者和３０例健康人血清脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）及全血超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的含量。结果：ＰＮＳ组和ＡＧＮ组血清ＬＰＯ均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）：ＰＮＳ组和ＡＧＮ组全血ＳＯＤ均显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。表明ＰＮＳ和ＡＧＮ患者脂质过氧化作用增强，抗氧化机能下降，提示ＰＮＳ和ＡＧＮ的发生与脂质过氧化和抗氧化失衡有关。     

脂质过氧化与抗氧化在肾小球疾病中的研究

本研究测定了２５例原发性肾病综合症（ＰＮＳ），１５例急性肾小球肾炎（ＡＧＮ）患者和３０例健康人血清脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）、全血超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）的含量。结果：ＰＮＳ组和ＡＧＮ组血清ＬＰＯ均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＰＮＳ组和ＡＧＮ组全血ＳＯＤ均显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＰＮＳ组和ＡＧＮ组全血（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）与对照组相比，均无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。表明ＰＮＳ和ＡＧＮ患者脂质过氧化作用增强，抗氧化机能下降，提示ＰＮＳ和ＡＧＮ的发生与脂质过氧化和抗氧化机能失衡有关。     

矽肺患者血中一氧化氮和脂质过氧化水平的变化

目的探讨一氧化氮、氧化、脂质过氧化与矽肺的关系。方法检测７３例矽肺患者和６０例健康对照者血浆中一氧化氮（ＰＮＯ）、维生素Ｃ（ＰＶＣ）、维生素Ｅ（ＰＶＥ）、β－胡萝卜素（ＰβＣＡＲ）、过氧化脂质（ＰＬＰＯ）及红细胞中超氧化物歧化酶（ＥＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＥＣＡＴ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＥＧＳＨＰｘ）、过氧化脂质（ＥＬＰＯ）值。结果与对照组比较，不同病情、不同肺功能状态患者组的ＰＶＣ、ＰＶＥ、ＰβＣＡＲ、ＥＳＯＤ、ＥＣＡＴ、ＥＧＳＨＰｘ平均值均显著降低，ＰＮＯ、ＰＬＰＯ、ＥＬＰＯ平均值均显著升高；各检测值与患病年限均有直线相关；逐步回归表明，病情、肺功能状态与ＰＮＯ、ＰＶＥ、ＥＳＯＤ、ＥＬＰＯ值相关最为密切。结论矽肺患者体内一氧化氮代谢异常，氧化、抗氧化平衡严重失调，氧化和脂质过氧化反应病理性加剧     

氟化钠致大鼠肾脏脂质过氧化损伤及亚硒酸钠的保护作用

目的研究氟化钠（ＮａＦ）对大鼠肾脏脂质过氧化作用的影响及亚硒酸钠（Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３）对氟肾脏毒性的保护作用。方法大鼠经饮水加入ＮａＦ（１５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）或／和Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３（１５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）染毒１２０天,观察氟在机体的蓄积、排泄,尿酶活性及肾脏脂质过氧化水平的变化。结果氟染毒后,大鼠血氟水平、尿氟水平、骨氟含量,尿谷氨酰转肽酶（γＧＴ）、Ｎ乙酰βＤ氨基葡萄糖苷酶（ＮＡＧ）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）活性及肾脏活性氧自由基（ＯＦＲＳ）相对浓度、脂质过氧化降解产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量均显著升高,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨＰｘ）活性及ＧＳＨ含量显著下降。同时补加亚硒酸钠,可促进尿氟排泄,降低血氟水平及骨氟含量,降低尿酶γＧＴ、ＮＡＧ、ＳＤＨ活性和肾脏ＯＦＲＳ、ＭＤＡ含量,同时提高肾脏ＧＳＨＰｘ活性,但对ＧＳＨ含量影响不显著。结论氟化钠引起肾脏损伤与其诱导脂质过氧化作用增强有关,亚硒酸钠对氟化钠致肾脏毒性具有拮抗作用。     

大鼠受MNNG攻击的早期反应及营养干预作用探讨

采用ＳＤ系大鼠，按随机区组法分为４组：对照组、单ＭＮＮＧ组、ＭＮＮＧ＋营养素（含维生素Ａ、Ｅ及Ｓｅ、Ｃａ）干预组、ＭＮＮＧ＋硒茶干预组。实验期２个月，观察血液过氧化作用、免疫细胞计数及胃粘膜过氧化脂质和病理变化。结果表明，大鼠受ＭＮＮＧ攻击的早期反应主要是过氧反应增强。联用营养素和硒茶干预能明显降低血清ＬＰＯ和提高全血ＧＳＨ水平。各组的ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性、外周血的ＷＢＣ和淋巴细胞计数、胃粘膜病理检验等均未见明显差别。     

茶多酚,茶色素对肝癌癌前病变大鼠肝脏Ⅱ相解毒酶的诱导及其在化？…

以二乙基亚硝胺（ＤＥＮ）启动、切除部分肝组织和腹腔注射ＣＣｌ４（ＰＨ／ＣＣｌ４）促进联合用造成大鼠肝癌癌前病变模型,试验组除上述处理外饮用０．１％的茶多酚或茶色素,８周后宰杀,测定肝细胞浆谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（ＧＳＴ）活性,用ＧＳＴ－１、１－２、３－３、Ｐｉ多克隆抗体Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ Ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ方法检测ＧＳＴ各亚型蛋白质的相对水平。研究发现茶多酚或茶色素可使ＤＥＮ／ＰＨ／ＣＣｌ４组动物的ＧＳＴ活性     

Influence of green tea on enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant defense, and plasma membrane in rat tissues

OBJECTIVE: Green tea, consumed worldwide since ancient times, is considered beneficial to human health. We hypothesized that green tea would enhance antioxidant defenses and specific metabolic activities of rat intestine, liver, and kidney to improve their functions. METHODS: The effect of green tea given to rats in the diet or drinking water for 25 d was determined on blood chemistry and on activities of enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, brush border membrane, and antioxidant defense. RESULTS: Serum glucose, cholesterol, phosphate, and body weight decreased, whereas the activities of lactate and malate dehydrogenases and glucose-6- and fructose 1,6-bis-phosphatases increased in the intestine and kidney but slightly changed in the liver. Activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase profoundly increased in the renal cortex but decreased in other tissues. Lipid peroxidation increased in the intestine and renal medulla and decreased in the renal cortex and liver; catalase increased in all tissues but the medulla. Superoxide dismutase activity decreased in the intestine but increased in renal tissues. Activities of brush border membrane enzymes in general increased in the intestine and kidney. CONCLUSION: Green tea consumption resulted in enhanced enzyme activities of carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant defenses, which may lead to improved health.     

正己烷致大鼠脂质过氧化损伤的研究

目的　探讨正己烷毒性的作用机制。方法　采用静式染毒方式连续 8h给 SD大鼠吸入正己烷 15 g/ m3。结果　大鼠全血 GSH含量明显降低 ,t- test P<0 .0 1;大鼠血清中 MDA含量虽有增多的趋势 ,但无统计学意义 (t- test P>0 .0 5 ;大鼠肝组织中 SOD和 GSH- Px活性明显降低 ,t- test P<0 .0 1。结论　正己烷可引起或增强机体氧自由基反应 ,导致脂质过氧化损伤 ,这可能是烷烃类物质对机体毒性作用机制之一。     

饮茶对大鼠大肠变性隐窝病灶及大肠肿瘤的影响

以二甲基肼诱发Wistar大鼠大肠癌为模型,研究了绿茶和茶色素(红茶的主要成分)大肠癌的化学预防作用和对大肠肿瘤的影响。结果表明,在第16周2个饮茶组动物的变性隐窝病灶(ACF)形成数比阳性对照组显著减少(P< 0.01);在第32周时阳性对照组100% 发生了肿瘤(平均瘤数为2.6个/只,平均瘤体积为294.7m m 3/瘤)。绿茶组和茶色素组的平均瘤数抑制率分别为47.1% 和43.1% ,平均瘤体积抑制率分别为77.1% 和68.1% 。表明绿茶和茶色素对实验性大肠肿瘤具有预防作用,ACF作为一个有用的中间终点可代替癌发生率进行大肠癌化学预防剂研究     

Tea as a potential chemopreventive agent in PhIP carcinogenesis: effects of green tea and black tea on PhIP-DNA adduct formation in female F-344 rats

The heterocyclic amine 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is formed during the cooking of proteinaceous animal foods (meat, chicken, and fish). PhIP is a carcinogen in the Fischer 344 (F-344) rat; it induces mammary tumors in female rats and lymphomas and colon and prostate tumors in male rats. In F-344 rats, PhIP forms DNA adducts in various organs, including the target organs. Inhibition of PhIP-DNA adduct formation is likely to lead to inhibition of PhIP tumorigenicity. We have examined the chemopreventive properties of green tea and black tea in PhIP carcinogenesis by evaluating their effects on PhIP-DNA adduct formation in the female F-344 rat. Young adult animals were maintained on powdered AIN-76A diet while receiving regular drinking water or 2% (wt/vol) infusions of green tea or black tea for a total of six weeks. During Weeks 3, 4, and 5, all animals received PhIP by gavage (1 mg/kg/day). Three rats per group were euthanized on Days 1 and 8 after termination of PhIP exposure. DNA was isolated from a number of organs and analyzed for PhIP-DNA adducts by 32P-postlabeling assays. Compared with animals on regular drinking water, PhIP-DNA adduct formation was inhibited in small intestine, colon, liver, and mammary epithelial cells (MECs) of animals receiving green tea or black tea as the sole source of drinking fluid. Green tea inhibited adduct formation in colon, liver, and MECs (33.3-80.0%) on both days, but only on Day 8 (54.4%) in small intestine. Black tea inhibited adduct formation on both days in liver (71.4-80.0%), on Day 1 in colon (40.0%), and on Day 8 in small intestine (81.8%); it had no effect on MEC adducts. Neither green tea nor black tea had an effect on adduct levels in pancreas, lungs, white blood cells, heart, kidneys, spleen, cecum, or stomach. Similarly, these teas did not affect the rate of adduct removal (percent change from Day 1 to Day 8) in any organ. It is concluded that green tea and black tea are potential chemopreventive agents in PhIP-induced tumorigenesis in the F-344 rat.     

通山甜茶对大鼠血脂及抗氧化功能的影响

目的研究通山甜茶对大鼠的血脂及抗氧化能力的影响。方法雄性Wistar大鼠50只,实验前检测各组大鼠血中TC含量,按照TC的含量进行排序,然后进行分层抽样到5个不同组：正常对照组,高脂模型对照组,低剂量甜茶＋高脂饲料组,中剂量甜茶＋高脂饲料组,高剂量甜茶＋高脂饲料组。正常对照组大鼠进食普通饲料,高脂模型对照组大鼠进食高脂饲料,其余3组大鼠在进食高脂饲料的同时分别给予低、中、高剂量的通山甜茶。28d后取血检测TC、TG、HDL-C值,取大鼠的肝脏检测丙二醛（MDA）的含量、超氧化物岐化酶（S0D）活性和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性。结果与模型对照组相比,高剂量甜茶组TC、TG含量显著下降（P〈0.05）;各剂量组对高密度脂蛋白胆固醇均无明显升高作用;低、中、高剂量组大鼠肝脏中MDA的含量均显著性降低（P〈0．01）;中、高剂量组大鼠肝脏中S0D的活性显著升高（P〈0．01）;高剂量组大鼠肝脏中GSH-Px活性显著升高。结论通山甜茶可降低实验性大鼠的血脂含量,并能增强大鼠的抗氧化能力。     

茶油、豆油对大鼠体内活性氧及抗氧化酶活性影响的研究

研究茶油、豆油对Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠组织活性氧及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示：喂养茶油的大鼠组织活性氧水平（肝４７７．４４±５６．４２ｃｐｓ／ｇ，肾２４１１．６９±３０９．２１ｃｐｓ／ｇ）明显低于喂养豆油的大鼠（肝７１１．０６±７６．９６ｃｐｓ／ｇ，肾３４１９．４６±２６７．６９ｃｐｓ／ｇ），Ｐ＜０．０５。并且，茶油组大鼠ＳＯＤ活性（２０３２．５０±６２．６６Ｕ／ｇＨｂ）明显高于豆油组大鼠（１５０８．７２±７２·４０Ｕ／ｇＨｂ），豆油添加大量维生素后明显降低肝组织活性氧水平，并有较高ＳＯＤ活性。研究表明：茶油具有一定的抗氧化能力，豆油在较高摄入情况下应补充适量的维生素，以增加抗氧化能力。     

The protective effects of green tea polyphenols: lipid profile, inflammation, and antioxidant capacity in rats fed an atherogenic diet and dextran sodium sulfate

Abstract Acute and chronic inflammation and dyslipidemia play a critical role in the development of various diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Green tea polyphenols possess potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties that contribute to the beneficial effects on heart health. The present study was carried out to determine if administration of a green tea extract (Polyphenon(?) E [PPE]; Mitsui Norin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) at 0.2% in the diet reduces cardiovascular risk factors, including dyslipidemia, inflammation, adiposity, and oxidative stress, in rats fed an atherogenic (high fat, cholesterol, and sugar) diet with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water. DSS treatment increased serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, C-reactive proteins (CRP), and markers of liver toxicity and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol significantly. Adding PPE to the atherogenic diet (PPE-diet) was associated with lower total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (P<.001) and increased HDL-cholesterol (P=.001). In addition, the PPE-diet was associated with decreased serum CRP concentration (P=.023) and increased total antioxidant capacity (P=.016) and catalase (P=.001) and glutathione peroxidase (P=.050) activities. The PPE-diet significantly lowered epididymal fat pad weight (P=.009). Feeding the PPE-diet also ameliorated some of the DSS-induced lipid, inflammatory, and oxidative symptoms. In summary, green tea supplementation decreased several cardiovascular risk factors, including body composition, dyslipidemia, inflammatory status, and antioxidant capacity, in rats fed an atherogenic diet. This study supports green tea as an effective dietary component for sustaining cardiovascular health.     

Induction of Oxidative Stress in Erythrocytes of Male Rats Subchronically Exposed to a Mixture of Eight Metals Found as Groundwater Contaminants in Different Parts of India

Exposure of animals and humans to different metal components through contaminated drinking water can result in a wide range of adverse clinical conditions. Toxicological consequences arising from the concurrent repeated exposure to multiple metal contaminants are not known. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the oxidative stress-inducing potential of a mixture of eight metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, chromium, nickel, manganese, iron), representative of groundwater contamination in different areas of India, in erythrocytes of male rats subchronically exposed to environmentally relevant doses via drinking water. The selection of these metals, as determined by literature survey of groundwater contamination in India, was primarily based on the frequency of their occurrence and contamination level above World Health Organization maximum permissible limit (MPL) in drinking water. Male albino Wistar rats were exposed to the metal mixture at 0, 1, 10, and 100 times the mode concentrations (the most frequently occurring concentration) of the individual metals in drinking water for 90 days. In addition, one group of rats was also exposed to the mixture at a concentration equal to the MPL of individual components. The oxidative stress in erythrocytes was evaluated by assessing the magnitude of malondialdehyde production and reduced glutathione (GSH) content and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) after 30, 60, and 90 days of exposure. MPL and 1× dose levels did not cause any changes. The mixture at 10× and 100× doses caused dose- and time-dependent effects. After 30 days, the 10× dose did not cause any changes except increase in SOD activity. The 100× dose increased the activities of SOD, catalase and GR and the GSH level, but caused no alterations in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and GPx activity. After 60 days, the 10× dose did not cause any changes. The 100× dose increased LPO and decreased all the antioxidant parameters, except GSH. After 90 days, both 10× and 100× levels elevated LPO. The 10× dose decreased GSH level and activities of SOD and catalase, but not of GPx and GR, whereas the 100× dose decreased all the antioxidative systems. Overall, the present study demonstrates that the subchronic exposure of male rats to the mixture of metals via drinking water results in induction of oxidative stress and concomitant reduction in antioxidative defense system in erythrocytes at 10 and 100 times the mode concentrations of the individual metals in contaminated groundwater.