供肾质量和移植肾急慢性排斥反应关系分析

目的 探讨影响供肾质量的因素与术后移植肾发生急、慢性排斥反应的相关性。方法 观察87例移植供肾缺血时间、活检组织的光镜表现结合移植后发生急、慢性排斥反应的情况进行分析。结果 移植术后跟踪3年,发生移植肾急性排斥反应28例,其中5例(17.8%)有供肾组织有不良改变;慢性排斥反应13例,其中6例(46.1%)有供肾组织有不良改变。采用Logistic回归分析,结果示冷缺血时间、肾小管损伤是急性排斥反应的危险因素;冷缺血时间、肾小球硬化是慢性排斥反应的危险因素,与慢性移植病的发生可能相关。结论 提高供肾质量和减少上述的危险因素,对减少肾移植术后急慢性排斥反应的发生是有意义的。     

移植肾急性排斥反应的护理体会

0　引言　急性排斥反应是肾移植术后早期常见的并发症 ,也是延迟肾功能恢复 ,影响移植肾近远期存活的主要原因 .及时有效的预防措施、正确的诊断治疗及合理的护理 ,对于减少急排发生及其严重程度、促进肾功能恢复尤为重要 .1　临床资料　我院 1998- 0 6 / 2 0 0 1- 0 6共发生急排 76 (男 4 6 ,女 30 )例 ,年龄 17～ 6 8岁 .其中原发病慢性肾炎 6 3例 ,高血压肾病 4例 ,间质性肾炎 3例 ,多囊肾 3例 ,系统性红斑狼疮 2例 ,糖尿病肾病 1例 ,供受者淋巴毒试验阴性 ,供肾热缺血时间 7～ 12 min,冷缺血时间 1～ 12 h,手术时间 3～ 6 h.急排的诊断 …     

双功能彩色多普勒超声对30例移植肾排斥反应的诊断价值分析

目的　提高对移植肾排斥反应的诊断准确率。方法　应用双功能彩色多普勒超声对 30例肾移植术后临床拟诊排异患者进行检查。结果　发现移植肾在发生急、慢性排斥时血流速度 Vmax(收缩期峰值 )明显下降 ,而 RI(阻力指数 )则有显著升高 ,肾体积在急性排斥时增大 ,慢性排斥时缩小。结论　血流动力学参数指标的改变对移植肾排斥早期诊断有较高的价值。     

移植肾急性排斥对慢性排斥的影响因素探讨

移植肾急性排斥对慢性排斥的影响因素探讨中国人民解放军肾脏病研究所季曙明，黎磊石，季大玺，陈惠萍本文研究急性排异（急排）对移植肾慢性排斥（慢排）的影响因素。根据下列指标分组研究：（１）有、无急排；（２）急排发生时间（早期：肾移植后２个月内；晚期：肾移植...     

肾移植术中肾缺血事件的诊断及治疗(附27例报告)

目的 探讨肾移植术中急性移植肾缺血的诊断和治疗.方法 总结27例肾移植术中急性移植肾缺血患者的临床资料.结果 27例肾移植术中肾缺血事件病因:血管痉挛11例,其中肾外动脉痉挛5例,肾内血管痉挛6例;肾血流灌注不足6例,肾动脉狭窄1例.肾动脉血栓2例,肾静脉血栓1例,肾动,静脉扭转3例;肾动脉内膜损伤2例,超急性排斥反应1例.2例肾动/静脉血栓溶栓治疗成功.4例(肾动脉狭窄1例、肾动脉血栓1例、肾动脉内膜损伤2例1术中切取移植肾二次灌注再吻合成功.1例超急性排斥反应,切除术后病理证实.其余病例经抗凝、解痉、升压、调整移植肾位置等治疗缓解.1例术后因急性排斥并移植肾破裂手术切除.余25例中22例人肾存活良好,3例移植.肾因慢性移植物肾病而失功.8例发生肾小管坏死.急性排斥4例,用甲泼尼龙或抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATGl治疗后3例逆转.结论 肾移植术中发生移植肾缺血,及时准确判断原因和及时恢复血供,与移植肾的存活率密切相关.     

移植肾动脉狭窄危险因素对比研究

目的 探讨移植肾动脉狭窄（TRAS）发病的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析我院2000～2005年术后经移植肾动脉造影确诊为TRAS的26例肾移植术后病人临床资料。分层随机抽样选择52例目前移植肾存活、血压及移植肾功能均稳定、无血管及尿路并发症的非TRAS病人作为对照，2组病例在手术时间、性别、年龄、基础疾病、血型相配、群体反应性抗体、HLA配型、免疫抑制治疗方案等条件相匹配，比较两组冷缺血时间、急性排斥、移植肾功能延迟恢复和动脉吻合方式等可能事件同TRAS的发生相关性。结果 TRAS组中发生急性排斥15例（57．7％）；移植肾功能延迟恢复7例（26．9％），两者均高于对照组（P〈0．05）。冷缺血时间和动脉吻合方式对TRAS无影响（P〉0．05）。结论 同种异体肾移植术后移植肾动脉狭窄与急性排斥及移植肾功能延迟恢复有关，而与冷缺血时间及动脉吻合方式无关。     

二例肾移植尸体供肾选择的体会

二例肾移植尸体供肾选择的体会温白（赣州附属医院碎石中心３４１０００）关键词肾，移植．同种，病例报告我院曾与上海第六人民医院合作，取１例３２岁男性Ｂ型尸体肾，供２例慢性肾功能衰竭患者移植。术后１例存活，另１例术后半小时则出现超急性排斥反应而取出移植肾，...     

肾移植术后早期排斥反应的高危因素分析

目的：探讨肾移植术后早期排斥反应的高危因素，寻找评估移植风险的指标。方法：分析167例次肾移植患的年龄、性别、透析时间、移植史、输血次数、孕次、冷缺血时间、热缺血时间、HLA体液致敏及HLA错配数与术后早期排斥反应的关系。结果：单因素分析与多因素分析均提示致敏及HLA错配与术后早期排斥反应有相关性（单因素分析P＜0．05，多因素分析中Sig分别为0．0001和0．0044）。结论：致敏及HLA错配是肾移植术后早期排斥反应的主要危险因素。     

彩色多普勒对移植肾排斥反应的诊断价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声对移植肾排斥反应的诊断价值。方法：对31例患者移植肾的轮廓、体积、肾皮质厚度以及对各级肾动脉血流参数进行监测。结果．24例移植肾功能正常，未发生排斥，5例发生急性排斥，2例发生慢性排斥。结论：对移植肾患者的术后监测，彩色多普勒超声具有准确、无创等独特的优点，为临床提供可靠的诊断依据。     

尸肾移植术后移植肾动脉狭窄发病原因分析

目的探讨尸体肾移植术后移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)的可能发病原因。方法对尸体肾移植术后18例TRAS患者与未发生TRAS的566受者有可能影响TRAS发生的多个因素进行统计分析。结果(1)TRAS患者的肾移植术后急性排斥反应发生率显著高于非TRAS者(66.67% vs5.48% , P<0.01);(2)发生与未发生TRAS的受者在术前透析方式、糖尿病发病、供肾冷缺血时间、供肾动脉数、供肾侧、供肾动脉吻合方式、术后免疫诱导用药、术后口服免疫维持治疗、术后巨细胞病毒感染以及发病时血脂等诸方面均无显著差异。结论肾移植术后TRAS的发生与移植术后急性排斥反应的发生有密切关系。     

尸肾移植术后移植肾动脉狭窄发病原因分析

OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible causes of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) in cadaveric transplant recipients. METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed multiple factors that may contribute to TRAS (including the patients' age, presence of diabetes, cold ischemic time, acute rejection episode, cytomegalovirus infection, serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, pre-operative dialysis, number of donor renal arteries, which side of donor kidney, type of surgical anastomosis, different protocols of inductive and maintenance drug therapy) in 18 recipients with transplant renal artery stenosis after cadveric renal transplantation from Jan. 2000 to Dec. 2001 in comparison with another 566 non-TRAS recipients who underwent the transplantation during the same period. RESULTS: There was a higher incidence of acute rejection in the TRAS group than non-TRAS group (66.67% vs 5.48%, P<0.01), and no significant difference was noted between TRAS and non-TRAS cases in terms of the pre-operative dialysis, presence of diabetes, cold ischemic time, number of donor renal arteries, whith side of donor kidney, type of surgical anastomosis, different protocols of inductive and maintenance drug therapy, cytomegalovirus infections and serum and LDL cholesterols. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of TRAS in cadaveric allografts is associated with acute graft rejection episode, suggesting the importance of the treatment of acute graft rejection in the prevention of TRAS.     

Factors affecting the long-term renal allograft survival

Background  In the past decades, the one-year graft survival of cadaveric renal allografts has been markedly improved, but their long-term survival has not kept pace. The attrition rate of renal allografts surviving after one year remains almost unchanged. The causes for late graft loss are multiple. The aim of this study was to analyze the predictive factors that impact long-term survival of grafts after kidney transplantation.

Methods  We retrospectively analyzed 524 kidney transplantation patients who were treated in our hospital between January 1991 and January 2000, including 254 patients who had lived more than 10 years with normal graft function (long survival group), and 270 cases whose renal graft had survived less than 10 years (control group). Specifically, we analyzed 10 factors that may potentially affect graft survival by both univariate and Logistic model multivariate analyses to pinpoint the independent risk factors. 

Results  Univariate analyses showed that no significant differences existed in the age or gender of recipients, dialysis time, lymphotoxin levels, or cold ischemia time between the two groups. However, the ratio of delayed graft function and acute rejection, and the uric acid levels of patients in the long survival group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P <0.01). Furthermore, we found that the concentration of cyclosporin A at one year after transplantation and the histocompatibility antigen match of donor-recipients for patients within the long survival group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.01). Furthermore, multivariate analyses showed that these four factors were independent risk factors that impact patient survival.

Conclusions  The ratios of delayed graft function and acute rejection, the concentration of cyclosporin A at one year after transplantation, and serum uric acid levels are very important factors that affect the long-term survival of renal grafts.

     

Risk factors for graft survival in sensitized recipients of kidney transplantation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the independent prognostic factors for graft survival in sensitized recipients undergoing kidney transplantation, so as to identify the individuals at high risk of graft loss before transplantation. METHODS: A retrospective investigation was conducted in 102 sensitized kidney transplant recipients and 31 relative variables were analyzed with SPSS10.0 software. Using log-rank method, the influence of these variables on short- and long-term graft survivals was evaluated, and Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to estimate the 1-, 3- and 5-year graft survival rates and half-life. Proportional hazards regression analysis (Cox model) was used to assess the relative risks of the potential variables. RESULTS: In the recipients with a mean half-life of 8.9 years, the 1-, 3- and 5-year graft survival rates were 90%, 85%, and 75%, respectively. By log-rank analysis, the factors affecting short- and long-term graft survivals were identified, namely the recipient age, times of transplantation, levels of panel reactive antibody and the post-operative anti-HLA-IgG antibody, HLA mismatch, renal function, time needing for graft function recovery, presence of acute rejection, delay of graft function recovery and infection, which affected the graft survival demonstrated by Cox model multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: High-quality donor kidney and minimization of the risk factors for graft survival may insure successful kidney transplantation in sensitized recipients.     

流式细胞仪交叉配型对移植肾1年存活率的影响

目的：探讨流式细胞仪交叉配型（flow cytometry crossmatch, FCXM）对移植肾一年存活率的影响。方法:应用χ2检验比较FCXM阳性与阴性组间1年移植肾死亡有无差异。以“移植后1年肾脏的存活状况(是/否)”为应变量，以移植后早期排斥反应（移植后1月内发生）、血管性排斥反应、移植肾功能延迟（移植后1周内需做血液透析）、FCXM、群体抗原反应抗体(PRA)、 HLA A,B配型、HLA DR配型、供者类型（尸肾/活体供肾）、既往移植次数、免疫抑制药物的使用、血清巨细胞病毒状态、冷缺血时间、供者和受者年龄等可疑影响因素为自变量建立Logistic回归模型，探讨流式细胞仪交叉配型对移植肾1年存活有无影响。结果:258例患者平均随访时间为25个月（12～60个月），期间30例移植肾死亡，其中23例发生在移植后1年内。 χ2检验显示，FCXM阳性与阴性组间1年移植肾死亡无统计学差异（P=0.157?0）。 Logistic 回归显示，对移植肾1年死亡有影响的因素包括移植肾功能延迟（OR=8.00, P=0.001?4），供者类型为尸肾（OR=9.30, P=0.001?7）和血管排斥反应（OR=5.05, P=0.021?9）。FCXM的结果不会影响移植肾一年存活率（OR=1.60, P=0.534?6）。结论: FCXM对移植肾1年后存活尚无肯定的影响。     

影响致敏患者移植肾存活的危险因素分析

目的探讨影响致敏患者移植肾存活的危险因素,识别引起移植物失功的高危患者,以提高致敏患者移植肾长期存活率。方法选择102例行肾移植术的致敏患者进行回顾性研究,用Kaplan-Meier计算1、3、5年移植肾存活率,用log-rank进行单因素分析和Cox模型多因素回归分析,计算相对危险度。结果102例致敏患者随访期间移植肾失功16例,其中死亡7例,术后1年内死亡5例,术后2及3年带肾死亡各1例。死亡原因肺部感染5例、心血管疾病2例,失访3例。1、3、5年人存活率为95%、93%和93%,1、3、5年肾存活率为90%、85%和75%,移植肾半生存期为8.9年。单因素及多因素分析表明受者年龄、移植次数、PRA水平、术后PRA水平升高、HLA相配程度、移植肾功能恢复正常时间、移植肾功能延迟恢复、急性排斥反应、血肌酐水平、感染等10个因素对移植肾的存活产生重要或非常重要影响。结论通过控制影响移植肾存活的危险因素,致敏患者移植肾存活同样能取得满意效果。     

移植肾功能延迟恢复的临床研究

目的 探讨肾移植术后移植肾功能延迟恢复(DGF)的病因及诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析15例肾移植术后DGF患者的临床资料及诊治过程.15例DGF的病因不同,在血液透析的基础上,分别给予急性排斥反应冲击治疗、调整免疫抑制剂,近期移植肾切除后再次原位移植等方法进行治疗.结果 15例患者术后发生急性排斥8例;急性肾小管坏死5例;移植肾静脉血栓1例;环孢素A肾毒性1例,所有患者经治疗.肾功能在术后10～35 d恢复正常.随访0.5～3年,无并发症发生.结论 DGF是肾移植术后常见并发症之一,主要原因是急性排斥和急性肾小管坏死,区别不同原因采用相应治疗,可获得满意疗效.