低浓度铅暴露对机体的影响和早期检测

近些年来，随着作业环境和劳动条件的不断改善，急性错中毒的情况已不多见。许多作者的注意力已逐渐转移到低浓度错暴露对机体的影响和早期检测方面。航空工业生产过程中铅作业工种以磁力探伤、铅锡爆、铅熔化及铸字等为代表，暴露工人较多。为了保护广大铅作业工人的健康，除了鲜高浓度铅暴露可引起作业工人急慢性铅中毒危害以外，对低浓度错作业环境可能对暴露者健康的损害也应引起足够的重视。1俄政挂铂对妇对机体的山响1．亚对心血管系统的影响铅对心血管系统的毒性作用是确实存在的‘”。这种毒性作用不仅存在于急慢性铅中毒病入中，亦…     

高原地区某铅锌矿铅作业工人健康状况调查

高原地区某铅锌矿铅作业工人健康状况调查青海省职业病防治院马晓莉铅是工业生产过程中最常见的毒物之一，长期处于铅作业环境下对从业人员的健康，会受到不同程度的危害［１，２］。为了解高原高海拔地区铅作业工人的健康状况，我们对青海高原柴达木盆地海拔３３００ｍ的...     

铅金属中~(210)Pb的定量

铅金属块中经常含有放射性同位素~(210)Pb,在选材制作屏蔽体之前,必须测定其放射性强度。本文用DDTC(二乙二硫代氨基甲酸钠)将子体核素~(210)Bi进行溶剂萃取分离,通过测其β射线以定量~(210)Pb。用此法对市售14种铅金属块与3种老铅进行了~(210)Pb定量分析。市售铅块中~(210)Pb含量为0.063～11Bq/g(1.7～300pCi/g),老铅为0.01Bq/g(0.3pCi/g)以下。本方法的定量测定下限为0.003Bq/g(0.1pCi/g),分析所需时间为5.5小时。~(210)Pb的分离与测定:将铅金属块10g切成小片,     

怎样使儿童避免铅危害

随着现代工业和交通运输业的快速发展,城市化和工业化进程的加快,环境铅污染日趋严重。由于铅是一种具有强烈神经毒性的重金属元素,而儿童的大脑正处于快速的发育阶段,对铅毒特别敏感。即使儿童是处在极低水平的铅环境中,也会遭成智力下降和行为异常。要避免铅对儿童...     

直立型挡铅对加速器X射线剂量半影的影响分析

在购买加速器的同时 ,加速器厂商一般都提供一定数量的长方体形挡铅 (ｂｌｏｃｋ)。该种挡铅由于使用方便在当今放射治疗的常规治疗中应用相当普遍。由于该种挡铅为矩形 ,没有按照光野的几何条件切割 ,所以存在一定的穿射半影(ｔｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｐｅｎｕｍｂｒａ)。比较按照几何条件切割而成的挡铅所形成的半影和直立型挡铅所形成的半影 ,以期了解直立型挡铅对高能Ｘ射线半影的影响程度 ,了解直立型挡铅所形成半影的大小对临床中挡铅的使用有一定的实际意义。一、材料和方法1 材料与设备 :带有 6ＭＶ和 10ＭＶ的双光子电子直线加速器…     

用~(201)T1和~(81)Rb作心肌局部灌注异常的非损伤性检查

应用~(201)T1和~(81)Rb 在病人安静时和运动负荷时作心肌闪烁图进行心肌局部灌注异常的非损伤性检查。~(81)Rb 显像是用配备针孔型准直器和特殊的铅防护结构的闪烁照相机(Pho/Gamma HP)完成的。因为~(81)Rb 制剂内混有高能量γ射线~(82m)Rb 需要铅屏蔽。没有铅屏蔽,图像的分辨力差,所以用5公分厚的铅屏蔽,才能获得良好的诊断图像。     

铅防护材料性能和寿命的探讨

铅防护材料性能和寿命的探讨邵东宁铅材料是目前最常用的防护材料，通常加工成铅板来制备防护设施，也可以和其他材料混合使用，做成铅的防护用品，如铅玻璃，铅防护衣，铅手套等。铅对低能和高能Ｘ射线有很高的衰减本领，是Ｘ射线屏蔽的良好材料。但铅的缺点是硬度低、质...     

环保型硫酸钡PVC复合防护板屏蔽性能的研究

在放射防护器材应用领域中,广泛使用传统的防护材料铅板、防护涂料板、复合防护板等材料.这些防护材料大多掺有氧化铅粉等重金属物质以提高防护质量,而且铅价格昂贵,大大提高了防护成本,而氧化铅粉等重金属极易转移到环境中造成严重的环境污染.为避免重金属铅对环境的污染,降低防护屏蔽成本,寻找能够替代铅的新型辐射屏蔽材料,对环保型硫酸钡PVC复合防护板的辐射屏蔽性能进行了研究.     

环保型硫酸钡PVC复合防护板屏蔽性能的研究

在放射防护器材应用领域中,广泛使用传统的防护材料铅板、防护涂料板、复合防护板等材料.这些防护材料大多掺有氧化铅粉等重金属物质以提高防护质量,而且铅价格昂贵,大大提高了防护成本,而氧化铅粉等重金属极易转移到环境中造成严重的环境污染.为避免重金属铅对环境的污染,降低防护屏蔽成本,寻找能够替代铅的新型辐射屏蔽材料,对环保型硫酸钡PVC复合防护板的辐射屏蔽性能进行了研究.     

环保型硫酸钡PVC复合防护板屏蔽性能的研究

在放射防护器材应用领域中,广泛使用传统的防护材料铅板、防护涂料板、复合防护板等材料.这些防护材料大多掺有氧化铅粉等重金属物质以提高防护质量,而且铅价格昂贵,大大提高了防护成本,而氧化铅粉等重金属极易转移到环境中造成严重的环境污染.为避免重金属铅对环境的污染,降低防护屏蔽成本,寻找能够替代铅的新型辐射屏蔽材料,对环保型硫酸钡PVC复合防护板的辐射屏蔽性能进行了研究.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.