青光眼动物模型在青光眼研究中的应用

青光眼是一种常见的神经退行性疾病,发病机制复杂,严重威胁人类眼健康。青光眼动物模型的建立为该疾病的发生、发展及干预措施提供了研究基础。文章在对青光眼进行简单介绍的基础上,从自发产生和人为诱导青光眼动物模型两个角度,对当前青光眼动物模型的构建方法进行了叙述。一种青光眼动物模型只能模拟某一类型青光眼或青光眼某一方面的病理改变,因此,应根据不同试验需求,选择合理的动物模型。随着生物技术、基础科学研究的进展,以及对青光眼发病机制的深入理解,将有望进一步改进现有模型或开发新的诱导机制来克服目前的局限性,使我们在未来能更好地理解和干预青光眼的发生发展。     

青光眼术后发生恶性青光眼的临床分析

目的：通过回顾性收集原发性闭角型青光眼(primary angle-closure glaucoma,PACG)患者的临床资料,探讨 恶性青光眼的危险因素、睫状体解剖形态特点、治疗方法以及预后。方法：回顾性收集2010年7月至2014年5月在中南 大学湘雅医院确诊住院的PACG 1 183例(1 456眼)患者的临床资料,其中发生恶性青光眼患者共30例(38眼)。根据是否 发生恶性青光眼分为PACG组(眼数1 418)和恶性青光眼组(眼数38);根据年龄段不同将PACG患者分为3~40岁组(眼数 171)、41~70岁组(眼数1 016)、≥71岁组(眼数269);根据恶性青光眼治疗方式不同分为药物治疗组(眼数5)、晶体摘除 组(眼数6)和玻璃体切除手术组(眼数27);根据恶性青光眼是否行玻璃体切除手术分为玻璃体切除手术组(眼数27)和 非玻璃体切除手术组(眼数11)。记录患者年龄、性别、前房深度、眼轴长度、晶体厚度、治疗前后视力、治疗前后眼 压、治疗方式、既往手术史等,同时记录使用超生生物显微镜测量的患者不同部位睫状体厚度(ciliary body thickness, CBT)、小梁睫状突的夹角(trabecular ciliary angle,TCA)和晶体直径。结果：恶性青光眼组男女比例为1:2,平均发病年 龄[(51.87±12.92)岁]低于同期PACG组[(57.87±8.78)岁](P<0.05);PACG患者滤过手术后前3月,发生恶性青光眼的患者 累计占85.7%;恶性青光眼组的晶体厚度为(4.33±0.67) mm,眼轴长度为(21.44±1.18) mm,前房深度为(2.12±0.41) mm, 低于同期PACG组的晶体厚度[(4.81±0.50) mm]、眼轴长度[(22.17±0.97) mm]、前房深度[(2.49±0.48) mm](均P<0.05);恶 性青光眼组CBT0,CBT1,CBTmax,TCA和晶体直径小于同期PACG组(均P<0.05)。结论：具有短眼轴、浅前房、薄晶 体、薄睫状体、小梁睫状突夹角小、晶体直径小的女性PACG患者更易发生恶性青光眼;玻璃体切除术能显著降低眼 压。     

Ahmed青光眼阀植入治疗青光眼的临床研究

目的:探讨Ahmed青光眼阀植入治疗青光眼的疗效。方法:本文对本院在2009年8月～2012年9月采用Ahmed青光眼阀植入(Ahmed组,n=22)和改良小梁切除术(小梁切除组,n=20)治疗的42例42眼难治性青光眼患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:术后Ahmed组的眼压,手术成功率,视力提高率以及并发症率都显著地优于小梁切除组。结论:Ahmed青光眼阀植入治疗青光眼疗效好、恢复快、并发症少,是治疗难治性青光眼的有效方法。     

Ahmed青光眼房水引流阀治疗新生血管性青光眼与其他难治性青光眼疗效对比研究

Background Neovascular glaucoma is a refractory disease, and difficult to manage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation （AGVI） in neovascular glaucoma （NVG） and non- NVG patients. Methods This prospective, non-randomized study included 55 eyes of 55 patients with refractory glaucoma; 27 had NVG （NVG group） and 28 had non-NVG （non-NVG group）. All of the patients underwent AGVI. The NVG group was adjunctively injected with intravitreal ranibizumab/bevacizumab （IVR/IVB） before AGVI. Intraocular pressure （lOP） was the primary outcome measure in this study. Surgical success rate, number of antiglaucoma medications used, best corrected visual acuity （BCVA）, and postoperative complications were analyzed between the groups. Results All of the patients completed the study （follow-up of 12 months）. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis indicated that the qualified success rates in the NVG and non-NVG groups at 12 months were 70.5% and 92.9%, respectively; this difference was significant （P=-0.036）. The complete success rates in the NVG and non-NVG groups at 12 months were 66.7% and 89.3%, respectively （P=0.049）. Compared with preoperative examinations, the postoperative mean lOP and use of medications were significantly lower at all follow-up time points in both groups （all P 〈0.05）. There were significant differences in BCVA between the two groups at the 12-month follow-up （X2=9.86, P=0.020）. Cox proportional hazards regression showed NVG as a risk factor for surgical failure （RR=15.08, P=0.033）. Postoperative complications were similar between the two groups. Conclusions AGVI is a safe and effective procedure in refractory glaucoma, but the success rate of surgery was related to the type of refractory glaucoma. The complete and qualified success rates of NVG patient adjunctive anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment are still lower than those of non-NVG patients.     

青光眼的双眼不对称性

1概述 青光眼的双眼不对称性(asymmetry)是指由于青光眼的双眼发病先后不一致所引起的双眼损害程度不一致.     

Primary open-angle glaucoma

Early diagnosis of this otherwise progressive, asymptomatic process is essential.     

青光眼阀植入联合视网膜冷凝治疗新生血管性青光眼的疗效观察

目的探讨青光眼阀联合视网膜冷凝治疗新生血管性青光眼的疗效.方法分析2001年3月至2004年12月在我院住院的新生血管性青光眼患者33例(18例采用青光眼阀植入联合视网膜冷凝术;15例采用青光眼阀植入术)术后视力、眼压及并发症.结果采用青光眼阀植入联合视网膜冷凝术组术后视力提高率、眼压控制率均高于青光眼阀植入组.且其术后发生前房出血、引流管阻塞明显低于后组.结论采用全视网膜冷凝术联合青光眼阀植入手术,既增加了房水外流,又改善了视网膜缺血、缺氧,使新生血管退化,减少了术后并发症的发生.对新生血管性青光眼治疗可以获得较为理想的效果.     

Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效观察

[目的]评价Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术治疗难治性青光眼的疗效并探讨其并发症的防治.[方法]回顾性分析对23例难治性青光眼行Ahmed青光眼阀植入术的疗效,主要观察指标为手术前后视力、眼压、并发症及手术成功率等,术后随访6～18月.[结果]术后最佳矫正视力不变8眼,提高12眼,下降3眼.术后眼压控制的有效率达到86.9...     

Analysis of MYOC gene mutation in a Chinese glaucoma family with primary open-angle glaucoma and primary congenital glaucoma

Background Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Primary open-angle glaucoma （POAG） and primary congenital glaucoma （PCG） are subtypes of glaucoma. Myocillin is the first gene identified to be involved in POAG. Recently, myocillin mutation has been found in PCG. In this context, we reported a special glaucoma pedigree, which was composed of both PCG and POAG patients, and analyzed the mutation of myocillin in this pedigree. Methods The family was composed of the parents, a son and a daughter. All members of the family underwent the complete ophthalmologic examinations. All coding exons 1-3 and flanking introns of myocilin gene were screened for sequence alterations by polymerase chain reaction and direct DNA sequencing. Results The son was the proband, who was diagnosed as PCG in both eyes. The father was diagnosed as POAG in the right eye, the left eye was still normal. Both the sister and the mother of the proband had normal intraocular pressure without glaucomatous optic disc changes. The mutations in intron 2 of myocilin gene were detected in the family. While the proband and the father were homozygous, the mother and the sister were heterozygous for the mutation. Conclusions Homozygous mutation in intron 2 of myocilin gene is involved in both POAG and PCG. It is suggested that the pathogenesis might be overlapping in POAG and PCG.     

影响闭角型青光眼术后并发恶性青光眼的相关危险因素研究

目的:探讨影响闭角型青光眼术后并发恶性青光眼的相关危险因素。方法:分析我院收治的121例175眼行抗青光眼滤过手术治疗闭角型青光眼患者,对比发生恶性青光眼组与未发生组的资料。结果:年龄、术前眼压、晶体厚度、房角结构、青光眼类型在单因素分析后的结果具有统计学意义,年龄、房角结构、青光眼类型是术后并发恶性青光眼的独立危险因素。结论:年龄较轻的慢性闭角型青光眼患者术后更易发生恶性青光眼,患者自身的解剖结构与术后并发恶性青光眼具有相关性。     

近视眼合并青光眼临床特点

目的：分析近眼合并青光眼的临床特点。方法：分析观察近视合并青光眼４３例、８６眼。结果：（１）４３例患者不同的屈光度发病率不同;（２）高度近视青光眼发病率高于低度者本组病例〉－６Ｄ３４例,占７９．０７％;〈－５．７５Ｄ９例,占２０．９３％;（３）眼夺升高是近视合并青光眼的主要特征：（４）视盘形态不规则较显著;（５）视网膜神经纤维层检查发现早期青光眼结构改变的敏感性很高。结论：近视、青光眼两病并存致病