共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
I. Alvarez-Alvarez H. Niu F. Guillen-Grima I. Aguinaga-Ontoso 《Allergologia et immunopathologia》2018,46(3):210-217
Background
Wheezing affects children's quality of life, and is related with asthma in childhood. Although prevalence of wheezing has been previously studied in several countries, there is no reference of worldwide prevalence in infants. The aim of this meta-analysis is to estimate the prevalence of wheezing and recurrent wheezing in infants aged up to two years, and compare the prevalence across world regions.Methods
Literature search was conducted in MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases, looking for observational studies published up to June 2016, including as keywords “prevalence” or “epidemiology” combined with “wheeze”, “wheezing” or “asthma symptoms” and “infant” or “preschool”. Fast*Pro software and random effects Bayesian model were used. Heterogeneity was estimated using I2 statistic, and sensitivity analyses were performed.Results
We identified 109 studies after duplicates were removed. After exclusions, 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Prevalence of wheezing and recurrent wheezing were 36.06% (95% CI 35.17–36.96), and 17.41% (95% CI 16.74–18.09), respectively. In European countries, prevalence of wheezing was 30.68% (95% CI 28.97–32.45), and 12.35% (95% CI 11.27–13.47) for recurrent wheezing. Prevalence of wheezing and recurrent wheezing in Latin America were higher, 40.55% (95% CI 39.40–41.71), and 19.27% (95% CI 18.44–20.11), respectively. In Africa, prevalence of wheezing was 15.97% (95% CI 14.05–18.00). Low or no heterogeneity was found in all cases.Conclusions
More than one third of infants suffer from wheezing and almost one fifth from recurrent wheezing, being these illnesses especially prevalent in Latin American countries, pointing out an important public health problem. 相似文献2.
Juan Martínez Candela Javier Sangrós González Francisco Javier García Soidán José Manuel Millaruelo Trillo Javier Díez Espino Daniel Bordonaba Bosque Luis Ávila Lachica 《Nefrología : publicación oficial de la Sociedad Espa?ola Nefrologia》2018,38(4):401-413
Introduction
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are conditions which have a high prevalence in individuals ≥ 65 years of age and represent a major public health problem.Objectives
To determine the prevalence of CKD, its categories and its relationship with various demographic and clinical factors in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Spain.Methods
Observational, cross-sectional, multicenter, Spanish epidemiological study. Patients with known type 2 diabetes mellitus, age ≥ 65 years of age treated in Primary Care were included. We collected demographic, anthropometric and analytical variables from the previous 12 months, including the albumin-to-creatinine ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate to evaluate renal function.Results
The prevalence of CKD was 37.2% (95% CI, 34.1–40.3%), renal failure was 29.7% (95% CI, 26.8–32.6%) and increased albuminuria was 20.6% (95% CI, 17.3–23.9%), moderately increased albuminuria was 17.8% (95% CI, 14.7–20.9%) and severely increased albuminuria was 2.8% (95% CI, 1.4–4.2%). In turn, the prevalence of CKD categories were: G1 1.3% (95% CI, 0.6–2%), G2 6.2% (95% CI, 4.6–7.8%), G3a 17.2% (95% CI, 14.8–19.6%), G3b 9.8% (95% CI, 7.9–11.7%), G4 2% (95% CI, 1.1–2.9%) and G5 0.7% (95% CI, 0.2–1.2%).In the multivariate analysis, after adjusting for the remaining variables, CKD was associated with elderly age (OR 5.13, 95% CI, 3.15–8.35), high comorbidity (OR 3.36. 95% CI, 2.2–5.12) and presence of antihypertensive treatment (OR 2.43. 95% CI, 1.48–4.02).Conclusions
CKD is frequent in the diabetic population ≥ 65 years of age and is associated with elderly age, high comorbidity and with treated hypertension. No relationship has been found with gender and time in years since onset of diabetes. 相似文献3.
Jose Manuel Mella Estanislao Jesús Gómez Mariana Omodeo Matias Manzotti Mariela Roel Lisandro Pereyra Carolina Fischer Nicolás Panigadi Raquel González Pablo Luna Silvia Cecilia Pedreira Daniel Gustavo Cimmino Luis Alberto Boerr 《Gastroenterologia y hepatologia》2018,41(5):293-301
Background
Most pancreatic cysts (PCs) found incidentally by CT and MRI scans might not be clinically important according to the Fukuoka guidelines, the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) guidelines and European guidelines.Aims
To determine and compare the prevalence of incidental clinically important PCs (CIPCs).Methods
Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT or MRI scans performed during a one-year period were retrospectively reviewed to identify incidental PCs. CIPCs were defined as those cysts that would be capable of triggering further evaluation with endoscopic ultrasound, immediate surveillance (within 3–6 months) and/or surgery. Prevalence was calculated as the number of patients with CIPCs per 100 subjects imaged (%).Results
Sixty patients (mean age 70±14 years) out of 565 were found to have incidental PCs, representing a prevalence of 8.7% (95% CI 6.3–11.5) in CT scans and 27.5% (95% CI 16–41) in MRI scans. Seven patients (11.6%, 95% CI 5–22) had CIPCs based on size ≥ 30 mm (n=5), size ≥ 30 mm and pancreatic duct (PD) dilation (n=1) and PD dilation and presence of solid component (n=1). Based on the Fukuoka guidelines, the prevalence of CIPCs was 1.2% (95% CI 0.4–2.5) in CT scans (6/507) and 1.7% (95% CI 0.1–9) in MRI scans (1/58). Based on the AGA and European guidelines, the prevalence of CIPCs was 0.2% (95% CI 0.1–1) in CT scans (1/507) and 1.7% (95% CI 0.1–9) in MRI scans (1/58). Patients with PCs initially classified as “AGA- or European-positive” had a higher surgical probability and this decision was taken earlier in the follow-up.Conclusions
In our cohort, the prevalence of important incidental pancreatic cysts was not negligible at around 1% according to current guidelines. 相似文献4.
M. Bedolla-Barajas J. Morales-Romero T.I. Bedolla-Pulido T.R. Bedolla-Pulido C. Meza-López N.A. Pulido-Guillén 《Allergologia et immunopathologia》2018,46(5):431-437
Introduction
The association regarding the exposure to pets, especially cats and dogs, and the prevalence of allergic diseases is inconsistent.Objective
We analyzed the role played by early exposure to dogs or cats in the prevalence of allergic diseases amongst school-aged children.Method
Through a cross-sectional study, we examined 756 children, aged 6–7; these candidates were selected through cluster sampling. We inquired about the exposure that these children had had to dogs and cats, and whether these pets spent most of their time indoors or outdoors during the first year of the child's life. In order to identify the prevalence of allergic diseases and their symptoms, each child's parent completed the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire.Results
Exposure to outdoor dogs was associated to nocturnal coughing, odds ratio (OR) 0.64, with a confidence interval of 95% (95% CI) 0.43–0.95 and with atopic dermatitis (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.20–0.76). Interestingly, exposure to outdoor cats was associated to nocturnal coughing (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.32–0.83) and current rhinitis symptoms (OR: 0.59; 95% CI 0.36–0.97). After carrying out the multivariate analyses, only exposure to dogs, both indoor and outdoor, was significantly associated to a decrease in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis OR 0.40 (95% CI: 0.20–0.79) and OR 0.38 (95% CI: 0.18–0.83), respectively.Conclusion
Our findings suggest that exposure to dogs, whether they be indoor or outdoor pets, is associated to a decreased prevalence in atopic dermatitis. 相似文献5.
Marina Pontello Cristelli Joan Carles Trullàs Federico Cofán Naira Rico Christian Manzardo Juan Ambrosioni Josep Lluis Bedini Asunción Moreno Fritz Diekmann Jose Maria Miro 《The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases》2018,22(3):193-201
Background
In people living with HIV, much is known about chronic kidney disease, defined as a glomerular filtration rate under 60 mL/min. However, there is scarce data about prevalence and risk factors for milder impairment (60–89 mL/min).Objective
The present study aims to assess the influence of sex, antiretroviral therapy, and classical risk factors on the occurrence of mild decreased renal function in a large Spanish cohort of HIV-infected patients.Methods
Cross-sectional, single center study, including all adult HIV-1-infected patients under antiretroviral treatment with at least two serum creatinine measures during 2014, describing the occurrence of and the risk factors for mildly decreased renal function (eGFR by CKD-EPI creatinine equation of 60–89 mL/min).Results
Among the 4337 patients included, the prevalence rate of mildly reduced renal function was 25%. Independent risk factors for this outcome were age older than 50 years (OR 3.03, 95% CI 2.58–3.55), female sex (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.02–1.48), baseline hypertension (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.25–1.97) or dyslipidemia (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.17–1.87), virologic suppression (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.39–2.53), and exposure to tenofovir disoproxil-fumarate (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.33–2.08) or ritonavir-boosted protease-inhibitors (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.03–1.39).Conclusions
Females and patients over 50 seem to be more vulnerable to renal impairment. Potentially modifiable risk factors and exposure to tenofovir disoproxil-fumarate or ritonavir-boosted protease-inhibitors are present even in earlier stages of chronic kidney dysfunction. It remains to be determined whether early interventions including antiretroviral therapy changes (tenofovir alafenamide, cobicistat) or improving comorbidities management will improve the course of chronic kidney disease. 相似文献6.
Marie Doualla-Bija Yonathan Lobe Batchama Jude Moutchia-Suh Vicky Joceline Ama Moor Félicité Kamdem Fernando Kemta Lekpa Henry Luma Namme 《Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews》2018,12(6):1007-1011
Background
Evidence from epidemiological studies suggests an important association between gout and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, to the best of our knowledge, prevalence of metabolic syndrome in gout has not been reported in sub-Saharan African (SSA) settings.Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of MetS in gout in a SSA population.Method
After prior ethical clearance, we carried out a cross-sectional study involving gout patients in a referral hospital in Douala-Cameroon. Metabolic syndrome was defined using International Diabetes Foundation criteria. Associations between variables were assessed using logistic regression.p?<? 0.05 was considered significant.Results
On 174 gout patients (48.3% females) who consented to participate in the study, the median (IQR) age was 55.00 (14.25) years, and the median (IQR) duration of gout was 7.5 (10.0) years. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 54.6% (95% CI: 47.9%–62.8%). One hundred and forty-seven (84.5%) participants had central obesity, 62 (35.6%) raised triglycerides, 79 (45.4%) reduced HDL-C, 129 (74.1%) raised blood pressure, and 85 (48.9%) had raised fasting plasma glucose. On logistic regression analyses, gout patients with metabolic syndrome significantly had a higher body mass index (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02–1.17), and higher levels of serum uric acid (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.04).Conclusions
About 1 out of every 2 gout patients in this population have metabolic syndrome. These gout patients with metabolic syndrome significantly have a higher body mass index, and higher levels of serum uric acid. Cohort studies are required to clearly establish the direction of the relationship between gout and metabolic syndrome. 相似文献7.
8.
Ramfis Nieto-Martínez Jeffrey I. Mechanick Imperia Brajkovich Eunice Ugel Alejandro Risques Hermes Florez Juan Pablo González-Rivas 《Primary Care Diabetes》2018,12(2):126-132
Objective
The prevalence of diabetes in multiple regions of Venezuela is unknown. To determine the prevalence of diabetes in five populations from three regions of Venezuela.Methods
During 2006–2010, 1334 subjects ≥20 years were selected by multistage stratified random sampling from all households from 3 regions of Venezuela. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical analysis were obtained. Statistical methods were calculated using SPSS 20 software.Findings
Mean (SE) age was 44.8 years (0.39) and 68.5% were females. The prevalence of diabetes was 8.3% (95% CI, 6.9%–10.0%), higher in men than women (11.2% and 7.0% respectively; p = 0.01). The prevalence adjusted by age and gender was 8.0% (95% CI, 6.9%–9.9%). This figure increased with age, with the lowest prevalence in the 20–29 year old group (1.8% [95% CI, 0.6%–4.8%]) and the highest in the oldest group (26.8% [95% CI, 16.2%–40.5%]). Subjects with overweight or obesity had no increased risk of diabetes compared with those with normal weight. However, in women, the presence of abdominal obesity was associated with an increase of the risk of diabetes by 77% (OR 1.77 [95% CI, 1.1%–2.9%]). The prevalence of prediabetes was 14.6% (95% CI, 12.8%–16.7%), and only 48.2% were aware of their diabetes condition.Conclusion
In this study, 8.3% of the subjects had diabetes and 14.6% prediabetes. Less than half of the subjects with diabetes were aware of their condition. These results point to a major public health problem, requiring the implementation of diabetes prevention programs. 相似文献9.
Diego Urrunaga-Pastor Mirella Guarnizo-Poma Enrique Moncada-Mapelli Luis G. Aguirre Herbert Lazaro-Alcantara Socorro Paico-Palacios Betzi Pantoja-Torres Vicente A. Benites-Zapata 《Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews》2018,12(2):155-161
Aims
To determine the association between free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and free-triiodothyronine-to-free-thyroxine ratio (FT3/FT4) levels and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS).Materials and methods
We carried out an analytical cross-sectional study in euthyroid adults of both sexes, who attended the outpatient service of a private clinic in Lima-Peru during the 2014–2016 period. Participants were divided into tertiles (low, intermediate and high) according to their FT3, FT4, and FT3/FT4 ratio values. MetS was defined when three or more metabolic criteria were met by the participants. ROC curves were constructed, and Youden’s Index were used to identify the optimal cut-points of each thyroid marker. We elaborated crude/adjusted Poisson regression models to evaluate the association between the thyroid markers and the presence of MetS. The reported association measure was the prevalence ratio (PR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Results
We analyzed 245 participants, the average age was 38.5?±?10.3?years, 29.8% were males, and the prevalence of MetS was 31%. In the adjusted Poisson regression models, the prevalence of MetS was higher among the high FT3 tertile compared to the low tertile (aPR?=?2.01; 95% CI: 1.22–3.34). The prevalence of MetS was higher among the intermediate FT3/FT4 ratio tertile and the high FT3/FT4 ratio tertile compared to the low tertile, (aPR?=?1.78; 95% CI: 1.02–3.10) and (aPR?=?2.80; 95% CI: 1.67–4.72); respectively. The highest areas under the curve (AUC) were found for FT3 and FT3/FT4 ratio with areas of 0.654 (95% CI: 0.58–0.73) and 0.649 (95% CI: 0.57–0.72); respectively.Conclusion
Elevated levels of FT3 and FT3/FT4 ratio were associated with MetS in a euthyroid population. 相似文献10.
Marcio Nucci Paula Rocha Braga Simone A. Nouér Elias Anaissie 《The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases》2018,22(6):455-461
Background
The impact of central venous catheter (CVC) removal on the outcome of patients with candidemia is controversial, with studies reporting discrepant results depending on the time of CVC removal (early or any time during the course of candidemia).Objective
Evaluate the effect of time to CVC removal, early (within 48 h from the diagnosis of candidemia) vs. removal at any time during the course of candidemia, on the 30-day mortality.Methods
Retrospective cohort study of 285 patients with candidemia analyzing CVC removal within 48 h (first analysis) or at any time (second analysis).Results
A CVC was in place in 212 patients and was removed in 148 (69.8%), either early (88 patients, 41.5%) or late (60 patients, 28.3%). Overall, the median time to CVC removal was one day (range 1–28) but was six days (range 3–28) for those removed later. In the first analysis, APACHE II score (odds ratio [OR] 1.111, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.066–1.158), removal at any time (OR 0.079, 95% CI 0.021–0.298) and Candida parapsilosis infection (OR 0.291, 95% CI 0.133–0.638) were predictors of 30-day mortality. Early removal was not significant. In the second analysis APACHE II score (OR 1.122, 95% CI 1.071–1.175) and C. parapsilosis infection (OR 0.247, 95% CI 0.103–0.590) retained significance.Conclusions
The impact of CVC removal is dependent on whether the optimal analysis strategy is deployed and should be taken into consideration in future analyses. 相似文献11.
Almudena Pérez-Torres M. Elena González Garcia Belén San José-Valiente M. Auxiliadora Bajo Rubio Olga Celadilla Diez Ana M. López-Sobaler Rafael Selgas 《Nefrología : publicación oficial de la Sociedad Espa?ola Nefrologia》2018,38(2):141-151
Introduction
Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is associated with increased mortality and differs depending on the chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage and the dialysis technique. The prevalence in non-dialysis patients is understudied and ranges from 0 to 40.8%.Objective
To evaluate the nutritional status of a group of Spanish advanced CKD patients by PEW criteria and subjective global assessment (SGA).Patients and methods
Cross-sectional study of 186 patients (101 men) with a mean age of 66.1 ± 16 years. The nutritional assessment consisted of: SGA, PEW criteria, 3-day dietary records, anthropometric parameters and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis.Results
The prevalence of PEW was 30.1%, with significant differences between men and women (22.8 vs. 33.8%, p < 0.005), while 27.9% of SGA values were within the range of malnutrition. No differences were found between the 2 methods. Men had higher proteinuria, percentage of muscle mass and nutrient intake. Women had higher levels of total cholesterol, HDL and a higher body fat percentage. The characteristics of patients with PEW were low albumin levels and a low total lymphocyte count, high proteinuria, low fat and muscle mass and a high Na/K ratio.The multivariate analysis found PEW to be associated with: proteinuria (OR: 1.257; 95% CI: 1.084–1.457, p = 0.002), percentage of fat intake (OR: 0.903; 95% CI: 0.893–0.983, p = 0.008), total lymphocyte count (OR: 0.999; 95% CI: 0.998–0.999, p = 0.001) and cell mass index (OR: 0.995; 95% CI: 0.992–0.998).Conclusion
Malnutrition was identified in Spanish advanced CKD patients measured by different tools. We consider it appropriate to adapt new diagnostic elements to PEW criteria. 相似文献12.
Regina Gayoso Margareth Dalcolmo José Ueleres Braga Draurio Barreira 《The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases》2018,22(4):305-310
Objectives
To determine the main predictors of death in multidrug-resistant (MDRTB) patients from Brazil.Design
Retrospective cohort study, a survival analysis of patients treated between 2005 and 2012.Results
Of 3802 individuals included in study, 64.7% were men, mean age was 39 (1–93) years, and 70.3% had bilateral pulmonary disease. Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was 8.3%. There were 479 (12.6%) deaths. Median survival time was 1452 days (4 years). Factors associated with increased risk of death were age greater than or equal to 60 years (hazard rate [HR]?=?1.6, confidence interval [CI]?=?1.15–2.2), HIV co-infection (HR?=?1.46; CI?=?1.05–1.96), XDR resistance pattern (HR?=?1.74, CI?=?1.05–2.9), beginning of treatment after failure (HR?=?1.72, CI?=?1.27–2.32), drug abuse (HR?=?1.64, CI?=?1.22–2.2), resistance to ethambutol (HR?=?1.30, CI?=?1.06–1.6) or streptomycin (HR?=?1.24, CI?=?1.01–1.51). Mainly protective factors were presence of only pulmonary disease (HR?=?0.57, CI?=?0.35–0.92), moxifloxacin use (HR?=?0.44, CI?=?0.25–0.80), and levofloxacin use (HR?=?0.75; CI?=?0.60–0.94).Conclusion
A more comprehensive approach is needed to manage MDRTB, addressing early diagnostic, improving adhesion, and comorbidities, mainly HIV infection and drug abuse. The latest generation quinolones have an important effect in improving survival in MDRTB. 相似文献13.
Andrés L. Echazarreta Sergio J. Arias Ricardo del Olmo Eduardo R. Giugno Federico D. Colodenco Santiago C. Arce Juan C. Bossio Gustavo Armando Joan B. Soriano 《Archivos de bronconeumología》2018,54(5):260-269
Introduction
The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been studied in Argentina.Objectives
To determine the prevalence and relevant clinical characteristics of COPD in a representative sample.Material and methods
We performed a cross-sectional study in a population of adults aged ≥ 40 years randomly selected by cluster sampling in 6 urban locations. Subjects answered a structured survey and performed pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry (PBD). COPD was defined as FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.7 predicted value. The total prevalence was estimated for each cluster with its 95% confidence interval (CI).Results
Of 4,599 surveys and 3,999 spirometries, 3,469 were considered of adequate quality (86.8%) for our study. The prevalence of COPD was 14.5% (CI: 13.4-15.7). The distribution of COPD cases according to FEV1 (GOLD 2017) was stage 1: 38% (CI: 34-43); stage 2: 52% (CI: 47-56); stage 3: 10% (CI: 7-13); and stage 4: 1% (CI: 0-2), and according to the refined ABCD (GOLD 2017) assessment: A: 52% (CI: 47-56); B: 43% (CI: 39-48); C: 1% (CI: 0-2); D: 4% (CI: 2-6). The rate of underdiagnosis was 77.4% (CI 73.7-81.1%) and diagnostic error 60.7% (CI 55.1-66.3%). A significant association was found between COPD and age (OR 3.77 in individuals 50-59 years of age and 19.23 in those > 80 years), male gender (OR 1.62; CI 1.31-2), smoking (OR 1.95; CI 1.49-2.54), low socioeconomic status (OR 1.33; CI 1.02-1.73), and previous tuberculosis (OR 3.3; CI 1.43-7.62).Conclusions
We estimate that more than 2.3 million Argentineans have COPD, with high rates of underdiagnosis and diagnostic error. 相似文献14.
Carlos H. Orces Carlos Lorenzo 《Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews》2018,12(2):147-153
Aims
To examine the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes among subjects aged 60 years and older in Ecuador.Materials and methods
The present study used data from the National Survey of Health, Wellbeing, and Aging to describe the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes among older adults. Logistic regression models were assembled to examine the association between certain demographic and health characteristics of participants and prediabetes and diabetes prevalence rates.Results
Of 2298 participants, the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes was 36.9% (95% CI: 34.2%–39.6%) and 16.7% (95% CI: 14.9%–18.7%) among older adults in Ecuador, respectively. Notably, higher diabetes prevalence rates were seen among women, black subjects, residents in the urban coastal region, and obese participants than those without. In general, the prevalence of diabetes widely varied across provinces of the country, with higher rates seen in provinces along the coastal region of the country. After adjustment for age, gender, and BMI, residents in the urban coast, subjects with greater number of comorbidities, and those classified as having hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia had significantly higher odds of having diabetes than those without.Conclusions
Prediabetes and diabetes are prevalent among older adults in Ecuador. The increased prevalence of these metabolic disorders was particularly associated with obesity. Thus, the present findings may assist health care authorities to implement healthy lifestyle interventions among older Ecuadorians at risk for diabetes. 相似文献15.
Sergio J. Arias Hugo Neffen Juan Carlos Bossio Carina A. Calabrese Alejandro J. Videla Gustavo A. Armando Joseph M. Antó 《Archivos de bronconeumología》2018,54(3):134-139
Objective
To investigate the burden of asthma in a young adult population in urban areas of Argentina.Design
A nationwide telephone survey in subjects aged 20-44 years was performed in urban areas in Argentina. The European Community Respiratory Health Survey questionnaire was used. Asthma was defined as an exacerbation in the last year or use of asthma medications.Results
In total, 1,521 subjects responded (62.4% females, mean age 33 years), of whom 91 were classified as asthmatics (5.9%, 95% CI 4.7-7.1). Prevalence adjusted for age, sex and education level was 6.4% (95% CI 5.1-7.7). Wheezing was reported by 13.9% (95% CI 15.6-12.2) and a diagnosis of asthma by 9.5% (95% CI 8.0-11.0). Among individuals with a diagnosis of asthma (n = 154), 71.3% had undergone spirometry. Among those treated (n = 77), 51.9% used medications daily and 46.8% as a rescue measure. Of those reporting an exacerbation in the last year (n = 60), 55% had attended an emergency department and 23% were admitted. Asthma was associated with rhinitis (OR 11.1, 95% CI 6.2-19.9) and family history (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.3-5.5).Conclusion
Asthma prevalence in young adults in Argentina is similar to Europe. Although attacks and admissions were common, regular use of medications was reported by half of those treated. These results may be useful for other Latin American countries. 相似文献16.
Anna Chiara Piscaglia Loris Riccardo Lopetuso Lucrezia Laterza Viviana Gerardi Elena Sacchini Emanuele Leoncini Stefania Boccia Maria Loredana Stefanelli Antonio Gasbarrini Alessandro Armuzzi 《Digestive and liver disease》2019,51(2):218-225
Background
The burden of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) has never been estimated in the Republic of San Marino, the third smallest nation of the world.Aims
To assess the occurrence and clinical features of CD and UC in San Marino during the last 35 years.Methods
We retrospectively evaluated the prevalence, incidence, and main clinical aspects of CD and UC from 1980 to 2014, crossing data from various sources.Results
Prevalence rates (per 100,000) on December 31, were 241 for CD (263 in males and 220 in females) and 311 for UC (370 in males and 255 in females). The specific incidence of UC steadily increased from 4.6 (95% CI: 1.5–10.6) in 1980–1984 to 12.4 (95% CI: 7.6–19.1) in 2010–2014; CD incidence showed a higher proportional increase, from 1.8 (95% CI: 0.2–6.6) in 1980–1984 to 17.9 (95% CI: 12.0–25.7) in 2010–2014. The main clinical features of CD and UC (activity and location at diagnosis, extra-intestinal manifestations, disease progression overtime, therapies, and hospitalizations) were analyzed.Conclusions
This study provides the first epidemiological report on CD and UC in San Marino, showing specific traits and overall higher prevalence and incidence rates than previously reported in neighbor Areas. 相似文献17.
Rafael Garcia-Carretero Luis Vigil-Medina Inmaculada Mora-Jimenez Cristina Soguero-Ruiz Rebeca Goya-Esteban Javier Ramos-Lopez Oscar Barquero-Perez 《Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews》2018,12(5):625-629
Background
The aim of our study was to determine whether prediabetes increases cardiovascular (CV) risk compared to the non-prediabetic patients in our hypertensive population. Once this was achieved, the objective was to identify relevant CV prognostic features among prediabetic individuals.Methods
We included hypertensive 1652 patients. The primary outcome was a composite of incident CV events: cardiovascular death, stroke, heart failure and myocardial infarction. We performed a Cox proportional hazard regression to assess the CV risk of prediabetic patients compared to non-prediabetic and to produce a survival model in the prediabetic cohort.Results
The risk of developing a CV event was higher in the prediabetic cohort than in the non-prediabetic cohort, with a hazard ratio (HR)?=?1.61, 95% CI 1.01–2.54, p?=?0.04. Our Cox proportional hazard model selected age (HR?=?1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.07, p?<?0.001) and cystatin C (HR?=?2.4, 95% CI 1.26–4.22, p?=?0.01) as the most relevant prognostic features in our prediabetic patients.Conclusions
Prediabetes was associated with an increased risk of CV events, when compared with the non-prediabetic patients. Age and cystatin C were found as significant risk factors for CV events in the prediabetic cohort. 相似文献18.
S.B. Erdem D. Can S. Girit F. Çatal V. Şen S. Pekcan H. Yüksel A. Bingöl I. Bostancı D. Erge R. Ersu 《Allergologia et immunopathologia》2018,46(2):119-126
Background
The presence of atopy is considered as a risk factor for severe respiratory symptoms in children. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of atopy on the course of disease in children hospitalised with viral pneumonia.Methods
Children between the ages of 1 and 6 years hospitalised due to viral pneumonia between the years of 2013 and 2016 were included to this multicentre study. Patients were classified into two groups as mild–moderate and severe according to the course of pneumonia. Presence of atopy was evaluated with skin prick tests. Groups were compared to evaluate the risk factors associated with severe viral pneumonia.Results
A total of 280 patients from nine centres were included in the study. Of these patients, 163 (58.2%) were male. Respiratory syncytial virus (29.7%), Influenza A (20.5%), rhinovirus (18.9%), adenovirus (10%), human metapneumovirus (8%), parainfluenza (5.2%), coronavirus (6%), and bocavirus (1.6%) were isolated from respiratory samples. Eighty-five (30.4%) children had severe pneumonia. Atopic sensitisation was found in 21.4% of the patients. Ever wheezing (RR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1–2.4), parental asthma (RR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1–2.2), other allergic diseases in the family (RR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2–2.9) and environmental tobacco smoke (RR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1–3.5) were more common in the severe pneumonia group.Conclusions
When patients with mild–moderate pneumonia were compared to patients with severe pneumonia, frequency of atopy was not different between the two groups. However, parental asthma, ever wheezing and environmental tobacco smoke exposure are risk factors for severe viral pneumonia in children. 相似文献19.
S.V. Madhu G. Sandeep B.K. Mishra M. Aslam 《Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews》2018,12(6):923-927
Aim
The burden of diabetes is very high in our country particularly in the urban metros. The present survey was planned to ascertain the current prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in Delhi since the available prevalence estimates are over a decade old.Methods
The present study was conducted in urban area of east Delhi and followed a multistage random sampling design. The prevalence of known diabetes was ascertained based on self reporting and prevalence of newly detected diabetes and prediabetes was based on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).Results
We surveyed 470 households and included 1317 individuals. Prevalence of diabetes was 18.3% (known 10.8% and newly detected 7.5%). Prevalence of prediabetes was 21% as per WHO criteria and 39.5% as per ADA criteria. The ratio of known to unknown diabetes was 1.44:1. Every third household (35.77%) had at least one known case of diabetes. High rates of obesity and central obesity were also observed in the study population.Conclusion
The present study found a strikingly high prevalence of diabetes, prediabetes and obesity in Delhi. This calls for urgent and effective preventive measures to prevent diabetes. 相似文献20.
Dislene N. dos Santos Kionna O.B. Santos Alaí B. Paixão Rosana Cristina P. de Andrade Davi T. Costa Daniel L. S-Martin Katia N. Sá Abrahão F. Baptista 《The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases》2017,21(2):133-139