心脏跳动下心内直视手术对可溶性内皮细胞间黏附分子-1的影响

目的对比观察心脏跳动下与心脏静止时心内直视手术对可溶性内皮细胞间黏附分子-1的影响.方法35例体外循环心内直视手术的患者分为心脏跳动组(n＝17,术中不阻断升主动脉,体外循环中鼻咽温度为32℃～34℃)和心脏静止组(n＝18,术中阻断升主动脉,体外循环中鼻咽温度为25℃～27℃),动态观察围术期血液可溶性内皮细胞间黏附分子-1的水平变化.结果心脏跳动组可溶性内皮细胞间黏附分子-1水平从转流毕到术后24h均高于心脏静止组,有显著性差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论心脏跳动下心内直视手术由于其高灌注流量和较高的体外循环温度对机体创伤较大,对可溶性内皮细胞间黏附分子-1的水平影响也较严重.从保护血管内皮细胞的角度,我们推崇传统的术中阻断升主动脉的方法.     

浅中低温体外循环不阻断心肌血流心内直视手术的临床对比研究

目的评价浅低温心脏不停跳及中低温不阻断心肌血流室颤性停搏下心内直视手术的临床对比效果。方法将263例患者分为中低温室颤性停搏组(94例)及浅低温心脏不停跳组(169例),常规插管建立体外循环,转机后阻断上、下腔静脉并降温,不阻断升主动脉(如手术位于主动脉根部的成人患者,则阻断升主动脉并经冠状静脉窦持续逆行灌注),不使用心脏停搏液;鼻咽温度分别于浅低温心脏不停跳(32±1)℃、中低温室颤性停搏(26℃～27℃)下行心内直视手术。结果浅低温组手术死亡4例,中低温组死亡3例。两组术中转机时间、术后呼吸机辅助时间、强心药物的使用及心律失常的发生情况等差异无统计学意义。无一例发生空气栓塞。结论浅低温心脏不停跳及中低温室颤性停搏下心内直视手术都具有较好的心肌保护效果,但在中低温下手术更有利于心内的操作,对血液的保护效果更优,可推荐成为一种安全、可行的心肌保护方法。     

不阻断心肌行心内手术体外循环方法观察

不阻断心肌是心内直视手术时的最好心肌保护方法。我院自１９９６年５月至１９９８年５月在心脏跳动下行心脏手术２６例,获得成功,现报告如下。临床资料与方法共观察２组。第１组为不阻断组,即不阻断升主动脉行心内直视手术２６例。男性９例,女性１７例,年龄１５～...     

心脏直视术中严重过敏反应

心脏直视术中严重过敏反应中国医学科学院心血管病研究所阜外医院麻醉科孙红，邓硕曾１临床资料例１：患者男性，两岁半，体重１５ｋｇ。房间隔缺损体外循环下行直视修补术。麻醉平稳，手术顺利，阻断升主动脉时间１４ｍｉｎ，开放升主动脉１ｍｉｎ后心脏自动复跳。当机器...     

体外循环不停跳心内直视手术66例报告

1997年1月～1999年3月,我院实施体外循环心内直视手术220例,其中66例在体外循环心脏跳动下实施了心内直视手术,效果满意,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1.1　临床资料　本组男30例,女36例;年龄1岁7个月～47岁,体重9～49kg,体外循环转流时间17～58分钟。其中房间隔缺损35例,室间隔缺损8例,动脉导管未闭3例,肺动脉瓣狭窄6例,右室双腔心3例,法乐氏三联症4例,部分心内膜垫缺损3例,二尖瓣置换4例。1.2　手术方法和步骤　经前正中切口进胸,常规建立体外循环,并行循环后鼻咽降温至34°C。阻断上、下腔静脉,不阻升主动脉,不灌注心脏停跳液,在心脏跳动下…     

先心病心脏不停跳下心内直视手术(附555例报告)

目的 :介绍浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳心内直视手术治疗先天性心脏病心内畸形的应用体会。方法 :5 5 5例先心病患者采用该手术 ,常规建立体外循环 ,置左心房引流管 ,降温至 32± 1℃并维持 ,仅阻断上下腔静脉 ,不阻断主动脉 ,维持灌注压在 6 0mmHg左右 ,心脏跳动下施行畸形矫正 ,方法同停跳手术。结果 :死亡 11例 (死亡率 2 .0 % ) ,其余均痊愈出院 ,随访 1～ 13个月 ,恢复良好。结论 :浅低温心脏不停跳心内直视手术 ,是一种有效的心肌保护方法 ,能减少并发症的发生 ,缩短体外循环时间。     

体外循环手术中应用硝普钠并发体表液性包块2例

体外循环心内直视术中,停机后应用硝普钠引起皮下液性包块2例报告如下。例1 男,15岁,23kg。1987年3月27日在体外循环下行法乐氏三联症根治术。术中降温至鼻咽温19.5℃。阻断升主动脉52′。心脏复跳后15′经左踝静脉滴注0.01％硝普钠(8滴/min)。手术时间5h30′。滴注硝普钠2h30′,术后清醒时发现左足跟偏     

体外循环不阻断升主动脉低温心室颤动下心内直视手术42例

心内直视手术一般采用中度低温体外循环及心脏停跳液灌注保护心肌,其结果不可避免地造成心肌缺血再灌注损伤.我院2002年4月-2003年4月在不阻断升主动脉低温心室颤动(室颤)下,对42例患者行心内直视手术,获得满意的临床效果,现报告如下.     

心脏跳动心内直视手术在婴幼儿中的应用——附420例报告

目的报告心脏跳动心内直视手术在婴幼儿中应用体会。方法回顾分析420例婴幼儿手术的临床资料,本组患儿均采用全身静脉复合麻醉,常规建立体外循环,置左心房引流管,降温至(32±1)℃并维持,仅阻断上下腔静脉,不阻断主动脉,维持灌注压在60mmHg(1mmHg=0133kPa),心脏跳动下进行心内畸形矫正,方法同停跳下手术。结果早期手术死亡20例(死亡率48%),其中低心排出量综合征死亡13例,右心功能衰竭死亡2例,严重低氧血症死亡1例,心律紊乱死亡2例,急性肝、肾功能衰竭死亡各1例。术后残余室间隔微量分流2例。其余均痊愈出院,恢复良好。结论心脏跳动中心内直视手术在婴幼儿先天性心脏病中应用有较好的疗效,是一种安全的心内直视手术技术。     

浅低温不阻断升主动脉心内直视手术3筋例分析

1997年11月-2008年7月，采用体外循环不阻断升主动脉行心内直视手术346例，取得了良好的手术效果，现总结报道如下。     

艾司洛尔对不停跳心内直视手术心肌的保护作用

目的探讨β1受体阻滞剂艾司洛尔在不停跳心内直视手术中对心肌的保护作用。方法选择22例择期行房间隔修补手术患者,随机分为两组,每组11例,两组均在常温体外循环心脏不停跳心内直视下进行房间隔修补手术。实验组在体外循环开始前于预冲液中加入艾司洛尔1 mg/kg,转机过程中再以300μg.kg-1.min-1的速度从静脉持续输注艾司洛尔,直到手术完成。对照组给予等量的生理盐水代替艾司洛尔,其余和实验组相同。监测两组病例在各个时间点的血流动力学、血气分析、心肌损伤标志物及围手术期各项临床指标,并进行对比。结果在转机过程中,实验组心率(56±8)次/min显著低于对照组(64±9)次/min(P<0.05),实验组cTnI和CK-MB在术后6、12、24 h各个时间点均显著低于对照组(均为P<0.001),两组病例在手术开始前、转机开始前、转机过程中、停机后和手术结束后各个时间点的血气分析指标差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。结论在常温体外循环心脏不停跳心内直视手术中应用艾司洛尔可以显著保护心肌并改善手术操作条件。     

Esmolol protects the myocardium and facilitates direct version intracardiac operation with a beating heart.

In recent years there has been renewed interest in beating heart surgery using the ultra-active and selective beta1-blocker, esmolol. However, there has not been a report of its use in direct version intracardiac surgery with beating heart. Twenty-four patients undergoing elective direct version intracardiac surgery (mitral valve replacement) were divided randomly into 2 groups: control group (normothermia cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) direct version intracardiac beating heart surgery) and esmolol group (normothermia CPB direct version intracardiac beating heart surgery and intravenous esmolol drip during CPB to maintain heart rate at 30-50 beats/min). Steady hemodynamic parameters were maintained in both groups; however, the doses of dopamine used in control group were larger than those for the esmolol group (p<0.01). The myocardial ultrastructure was well maintained in both group, but the scores for myocardial mitochondria, glycogen grading and counting and the amount of adenosine triphosphate were higher in the esmolol group (p<0.05). There was no significant change in the malondialdehyde level in either group (p>0.05). Using esmolol in direct version intracardiac beating heart surgery protects the myocardium and facilitates the operation.     

不中断冠脉循环下心内直视术的临床研究

目的总结不中断心脏冠脉循环下心内直视术的体会。方法2001年10月至2007年12月在不中断心脏冠状循环下施行各种心内直视术235例，其中心肌顺行灌注162例、逆行灌注73例；81例在心室颤动下完成手术，其余患者在心脏跳动中完成手术。结果全组死亡4例（1．70％），心脏跳动中和心室颤动下手术结果差异无统计学意义。结论只要在术中保持持续、有效的心肌有氧灌注，无论在心脏跳动中或心室颤动下手术均可取得良好效果。     

Coronary surgery of the beating heart. First year of experience in a series of 317 non-selected coronary patients

From May 1999 to May 2000, 317 unselected patients, representing 92.7% of all coronary artery surgery procedures, underwent open heart surgery of the beating heart by median sternotomy with the aid of a cardiac stabilising device. The main preoperative characteristics were: mean age = 66.1 years; men = 78.9%; left main stem disease = 31.8%; mean left ventricular ejection fraction = 54.1%; mean Parsonnet index = 16.9. These 317 patients were compared with a group of 303 patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery the year before by the same surgical team with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cardiac standstill. Seven hundred and eighty-six distal anastomoses were carried out in the beating heart group (2.48 grafts per patient) compared with 2.91 in the CPB group: p < 0.001). There were 10.1% single bypass, 37.5% double bypass, 47.3% triple bypass and 5% quadruple bypass procedures. A cardiopulmonary bypass was required in 13 patients (4.1%). The mortality at 30 days was 3.1% versus 4.6% in the CPB group (p = NS). The need for blood transfusion was reduced by nearly 40% in the beating heart group (23.7% versus 39.9%, p < 0.001). The incidence of cerebrovascular complications was reduced from 3% in the CPB group to 0.6% in the beating heart group (p = 0.06). The peak postoperative troponine I levels were much lower in the beating heart group (2.5 versus 6.4 ng/ml, p < 0.001). The authors conclude that surgery on the beating heart is feasible in most patients. Compared with conventional surgery under CPB, there seems to be less requirement for blood transfusion and a tendency to reduce the cerebral risk. Nevertheless, a large prospective randomised trial is required to validate the potential advantages and limitations of this technique with respect to conventional surgery and to determine the optimal indications of surgery on the beating heart.     

心脏不停跳二尖瓣置换术对血浆氨基末端脑钠肽前体的影响及其研究

目的 研究氨基末端脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）在浅低温体外循环下心脏不停跳二尖瓣置换术围手术期的变化,探讨心脏不停跳二尖瓣置换术的心肌保护效果.方法 40例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣病变患者随机分为试验组（浅低温不停跳组）与对照组（中度低温停跳组）,每组20例,于6个时点采取静脉血,测定静脉血浆NT-proBNP水平.结果 两组NT-proBNP水平在术后2 h无明显升高（P＞0.05）,在术后6 h明显升高,并在术后24 h达到峰值.在术后6 h、24 h、48 h、72 h,停跳组NT-proBNP水平均低于不停跳组（P＜0.05）.结论 浅低温心脏不停跳二尖瓣置换术能减轻缺血缺氧及再灌注损伤引起的心肌损伤,有较好的心肌保护效果.     

Early increase in levels of soluble inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1); potential risk factor for the acute coronary syndromes.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown disparate results in relation to the role of plasma concentrations of cell adhesion molecules in atherosclerosis. Moreover, the differentiation of primary vs secondary alterations of these markers, in response to myocardial injury, has not been clear. We measured specific soluble cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory markers in men admitted acutely with chest pain and compared them to healthy controls. METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively studied men (total n=241), admitted acutely with chest pain (7.4+/-9.4 h, 71% within 10 h), unstable angina (n=67), acute myocardial infarction (n=47) and chest pain without ischaemic heart disease (n=45) and compared them with a stratified sample of randomly selected healthy controls (n=82). Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1), endothelial selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein were measured by ELISA and P-selectin expression by flow cytometry. Multiple regression analysis was used to control for the impact of classical risk factors. At baseline ICAM-1, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein were significantly elevated in patient groups whereas no difference in vascular cell adhesion molecule or endothelial selectin was found. At 3 month follow-up, ICAM-1 level was unchanged in ischaemic heart disease patients. In all groups C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels were lower at review. ICAM-1 levels at follow-up were higher in ischaemic heart disease groups (but not in chest pain without ischaemic heart disease) relative to controls and remained so only in the unstable angina group following regression. sICAM-1, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein strongly correlated with smoking. In the acute phase, ICAM-1 was confounded by smoking following regression and C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 remained significant in both ischaemic heart disease groups after multiple regression. There was no relationship to events which occurred in 23% of ischaemic heart disease patients (further acute myocardial infarction 5.3%, sudden cardiac death 0.9% or recurrent angina 16.7%). CONCLUSION: We found an inflammatory response with higher sICAM-1, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in patients presenting soon after developing an acute coronary syndrome. As sICAM-1 was not affected by the acute event this plasma marker may be an important risk factor for the development of the acute coronary syndrome, particularly unstable angina.     

异丙酚对婴幼儿体外循环心脏手术血细胞因子、心肌NF—κB、ICAM-1表达的影响

目的：观察异丙酚对婴幼儿体外循环心脏手术血细胞因子、心肌核转录因子（NF）-κB）和细胞间粘附分子（ICAM）-1表达的影响并试图说明其临床意义。方法：20例年龄1～9岁的先天性心脏病体外循环下行房、室间隔缺损矫正术的患儿,随机分为对照组（Ⅰ组,10例）和异丙酚麻醉组（Ⅱ组．10例）。麻醉诱导：咪唑安定,芬太尼,泮库溴铵。麻醉维持：Ⅰ组,吸入0．25％～2％安氟醚,Ⅱ组,持续输注异丙酚15～20mg／kg·h。两组分别于全麻诱导气管插管和动静脉穿刺完成后稳定10min（T0）,体外循环前（T1）、主动脉阻断25min（T2）、主动脉开放后30min（T3）、停止体外循环2h（T4）采集血液标本检测肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α、白细胞介素（IL）-6。右房插管和缺血再灌注30min取右房心耳组织标本,观察NF-κB和ICAM-1的表达。结果：两组患儿TNF—α在术中和术后无显著差异,IL-6于术中和术后均升高,且Ⅰ组的明显高于Ⅱ组（P〈0．05）。再灌注30min后Ⅰ组心肌组织NF—κB和ICAM-1的表达明显高于Ⅱ组（P〈0．05）。结论：婴幼儿体外循环心脏手术期间,全身炎症反应被激活,心肌细胞NF—κB和ICAM—1过度表达;异丙酚能减轻其炎症反应,抑制心肌NF-κB和ICAM-1的表达。     

Plasma concentrations of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 are elevated in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus with microalbuminuria and overt nephropathy.

AIMS: Elevated urinary albumin excretion is associated with macrovascular atherosclerotic complications in Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Adhesion molecules mediate leucocyte adhesion to the endothelium early in the atherosclerotic process. The present study tests the hypothesis that microalbuminuria and diabetic nephropathy are associated with elevated plasma concentrations of soluble vascular adhesion molecule (sVCAM)-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1, and soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) aiming to illustrate factors of potential pathogenetic relevance for the excess cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients with renal complications. METHODS: Soluble adhesion molecule concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in healthy controls (n = 16) and in 59 Type 1 diabetic patients: group 1-patients with normoalbuminuria (n = 16); group 2-patients with microalbuminuria (n = 15); group 3-patients with macroalbuminuria and normal serum creatinine (n = 15), group 4-patients with macroalbuminuria and moderately elevated serum creatinine (n = 13). RESULTS: Plasma concentrations of sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 were similar in healthy controls and normoalbuminuric Type 1 diabetic patients, but the concentrations were increased by the presence of microalbuminuria and overt nephropathy (P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001, ANOVA). Concentrations of sE-selectin did not differ between diabetic patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma concentration of sICAM-1 is elevated in Type 1 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria and the concentrations of sICAM-1 as well as sVCAM-1 are elevated in patients with macroalbuminuria and normal s-creatinine. The elevated plasma concentrations of these soluble adhesion molecule concentrations in patients with renal complication can be of pathogenetic importance for the development of atherosclerosis and plasma soluble adhesion molecule concentrations may provide additional information on cardiovascular risk.     

Risk analysis for depression and patient prognosis after open heart surgery.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to determine the predictors of depression as a complication after open heart surgery and influence of depression on the patients' prognosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: During the last 3 years, 97 patients (21.5%) of the 452 adult patients who had open heart surgery at our institute experienced depression after the operation. Patients who scored over 16 points using a Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale were diagnosed with significant symptoms of depression. Depressed patients (group I, n=97) and non-depressed patients (group II, n=355) in terms of mortality and length of hospital stay were compared. Predictors for depression were identified by logistic regression analysis. The postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer in group I. Hospital mortality was also significantly higher in group I. Female gender (odds ratio (OR): 5.15, p<0.0001), emergency surgery (OR: 4.46, p<0.0001), and being over 70 years of age (OR: 4.67, p<0.0001) were found to be significant predictors for postoperative depression. CONCLUSION: The prognosis for patients who had depression developed after open heart surgery was poor. It might be important to start prophylactic medication as soon as possible after the operation, particularly for patients at risk of having depression.     

Functional electrical stimulation improves endothelial function and reduces peripheral immune responses in patients with chronic heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown beneficial effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on muscle performance and exercise capacity of patients with chronic heart failure. This study evaluates the impact of FES on endothelial function and peripheral markers of immune activation in patients with moderate to severe heart failure. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 40% and New York Heart Association class II-III symptoms, undergoing optimized drug therapy, were randomly assigned (2 : 1) to a 6-week training programme of FES (n=16) or served as controls (n=8). Endothelial function was assessed by Doppler flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery before and after the training programme. Peripheral pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory markers such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM)-1 and IL-10 were also measured before and after training. RESULTS: A significant improvement on the 6-min walk test (7.5+/-3.3%), Minnesota Living Score (18.2+/-8.6%) and FMD (38.5+/-15.1%) was observed only in the FES-treated group. FES also causes a significant reduction of TNF-alpha (-11.5+/-8.9%), sICAM-1 (-13.1+/-9.8%), and sVCAM-1 (-10.6+/-6.6%), as well as a respective increase in the ratio IL-10/TNF-alpha (37.1+/-29.4%). In the FES group, the percentage improvement in the Minnesota Living Score was significantly correlated with respective changes in circulating TNF-alpha (r=0.624, P<0.01), sVCAM-1 (r=0.665, P<0.001) and the ratio IL-10/TNF-alpha (r=-0.641, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: FES is an exercise training programme that improves endothelial function in patients with chronic heart failure, and also has anti-inflammatory effects.