国内首例同胞脐血移植治疗儿童骨髓增生异常综合征

目的：探讨脐血移植对儿童骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的治疗效果。方法：一例12岁MDS患儿行HLA相合的同胞脐血移植，预处理采用BU/CY+ATG方案：马利兰(BU) 1 mg/kg，每6h一次，用2d；环磷酰胺(CY)每日50mg/kg，用4d；抗胸腺球蛋白(ATG)100mg/d，用4d。输入脐血有核细胞2.57×107/kg，CD34+细胞1.18×105/kg。移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的预防采用环胞菌素A(CsA)+骁悉(MMF)+甲基泼尼松龙(MP)。移植后应用惠尔血、白介素11及重组红细胞生成素以加速造血重建。结果：+21 d粒系植入，+48 d血小板植入，+28 d患者骨髓DNA指纹图示完全嵌合状态。随访11个月，患者各项检查正常，未发生急、慢性GVHD。结论：本例为国内大陆首例成功脐血移植治疗MDS，为今后儿童MDS的治疗积累了经验。     

无关脐血移植治疗儿童噬血细胞综合征

目的探讨脐血移植对儿童噬血细胞综合征的治疗效果。方法一例16月龄确诊为噬血细胞综合征的幼儿,经HLH-2004推荐方案进行化疗及免疫治疗7个月后,病情未缓解,行HLA基因位点5/6相合无关脐血移植。预处理采用BU/CY+VP16方案:马利兰(BU)1mg/kg,第6h一次,用4d共16次(-8~-5d);足叶乙甙(VP16)30mg/kg,用1天(-4d);环磷酰胺(CY)60mg/kg,用2d(-3~-2d)。输入脐血有核细胞(NC)5·66×107/kg,CD3+4细胞1·21×105/kg。GVHD预防采用环胞菌素A(CsA)+骁悉(MMF)+抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)。移植后应用G-CSF加速造血重建。结果脐血造血干细胞未植入,自体造血恢复。移植治疗后,患儿病情逐渐好转。随访至移植后14个月,病情持续完全缓解。结论噬血细胞综合征经化疗和免疫治疗不能缓解者,应及时进行移植治疗;供体细胞植入失败的移植,也有可能暂时或长期缓解病情。     

脐血总有核细胞数对脐血移植疗效的影响

目的：探讨脐血总有核细胞（TNC）剂量对脐血移植疗效的影响。方法：34例血液病患儿接受脐血移植,按照输注平均脐血总TNC数分为3组: TNC>10×107/kg 组7例、10×107/kg >TNC≥7×107/kg组9例、TNC10×107/kg 组7例,均获得长期稳定植入,平均中性粒细胞计数（ANC）>0.5×109/L时间为14.8（12~20）d,PLT>50×109/L时间为52.3（26~86）d,处于无病存活状态。10×107/kg >TNC≥7×107/kg组9例,7例获得植入,平均ANC>0.5×109/L时间为16.4（11~30）d,PLT>50×109/L时间为63.7 (34~140) d;4例获得长期稳定植入,无病存活;2例重型β-地中海贫血患者植入后出现排斥,恢复自身造血;1例植入后死亡;1例移植后早期死亡。TNC0.5×109/L时间为19.5（10~29）d,PLT>50×109/L时间为70.1 (47~116) d;8例长期稳定植入,无病存活,2例重型β-地中海贫血患者在植入后出现移植排斥,自身造血功能恢复;6例植入后死亡;2例未植入。结论：脐血TNC剂量是影响脐血移植中造血干细胞植入时间和嵌合状态的重要因素。增加输注的TNC细胞数可提高脐血移植成功率。［中国当代儿科杂志,2010,12（7）：551-556］     

经CD34+纯化的自体外周造血干细胞移植治疗小儿皮肌炎1例报告

目的探讨经CD34^＋纯化的自体外周造血干细胞移植治疗小儿皮肌炎的疗效。方法1例3岁皮肌炎患儿接受经CD34^＋纯化的自体外周造血干细胞移植。采用环磷酰胺（CTX）＋粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）方案动员外周血干细胞后,通过CliniMACS细胞分选仪分选CD34＋细胞,预处理选用CTX、兔抗人T淋巴免疫球蛋白（ATG）和马法兰（MeL）。0天回输CD34^＋细胞数9.45×10^6/kg。观察症状体征变化、造血重建及免疫恢复情况。结果动员获得单核细胞数为1.04×10^7/kg,经纯化获得CD34^＋细胞占94%,CD34^＋细胞回收率达67%,去除3个对数级CD3^＋。＋9d粒系植入,＋14d巨核系植入。＋19d皮损恢复正常,四肢肌力由移植前Ⅱ级或Ⅲ级转为Ⅳ级。＋180d免疫恢复,＋210d肌力恢复Ⅴ级。结论对常规治疗无效的小儿皮肌炎,可选择CD34^＋纯化自体外周造血干细胞移植。     

幼年粒单细胞白血病造血干细胞移植疗效初探

目的探讨造血干细胞移植治疗幼年粒单细胞白血病(JMML)的疗效。方法 5例JMML患儿接受无关供者脐血造血干细胞移植治疗。预处理均采用Bu/Cy+Mel+ATG方案:马利兰(0.8～1.0)mg/kg,每6小时1次共用16次(-8d～-5d);环磷酰胺60mg/(kg·d)用2d(-4～-3d);马法兰140mg/m2用1次(-2d):抗胸腺细胞球蛋白2.5mg/(kg·d)连用4d(-4～-1d)。GVHD预防采用CsA+MP±MMF。结果 5例成功植入,3例复发,1例复发后死于卡氏肺囊虫肺炎,1例死于CMV感染相关间质性肺炎,1例长期无病存活。结论 5例JMML移植初步治疗结果不满意,移植失败主要原因为白血病复发。为减少复发,今后需进一步改进移植方法 ,包括选择其他供体、改进GVHD预防方案。     

造血生长因子HGFs联合应用对人脐血造血细胞在SCID小鼠体内扩增作用的研究

体外已证实各种重组人造血生长因子（HGFS）联合协同扩增造血干细胞。粒细胞集落刺激因子（RHG—SCF）或粒一单细胞集落刺激因子（rhGM—CSF）已用于肿瘤病人化疗后粒细胞减少及造血干细胞移植后的中性粒细胞恢复。但HGFS对造血干／祖细胞在体内的扩增作用研究不多。我们在己建立SCID／J＼鼠／人脐血细胞及骨髓（BM）造血干细胞在SCID小鼠体内扩增效应。材料与方法1·样本来源1．ISCID小鼠：共30．q，雌性18只、雄性12只，8—12周龄。购自中山医科大学肿瘤研究所动物实验中心。标准动物实验室喂养。1·2UCB来自中山医科大学…     

脐血移植治疗37例儿童恶性血液病的临床研究-单中心经验

目的 探讨脐血造血干细胞移植（UCBT）治疗儿童恶性血液病的疗效。方法 回顾性分析接受UCBT 的37 例恶性血液病患儿的临床资料，包括急性淋巴细胞性白血病14 例，急性髓细胞性白血病9 例，幼年粒单细胞白血病5 例，慢性粒细胞白血病和骨髓增生异常综合征各3 例，急性混合型白血病2 例，淋巴肉瘤性白血病1 例。其中34 例非血缘相关，3 例血缘相关。HLA 配型6/6 相合5 例，5/6 相合12 例，4/6 相合11 例，3/6 相合9 例。移植中位年龄5.7 岁，中位体重20 kg。结果 中性粒细胞和血小板植入中位天数分别是12 d 和25 d，植入率分别为95% 和78%。中性粒细胞植入率与CD34+ 细胞数呈正相关（P=0.011）。血小板植入率与CD34+ 细胞数和有核细胞数均有关（分别P=0.001、0.014）。急性移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）的发生率为49%，慢性GVHD 为11%。随访中位时间54 个月，5 年移植相关病死率、总生存率和无病生存率分别为27%、57%和41%。结论 脐血移植是快速获得的造血干细胞来源之一，为恶性疾病患儿争取了治疗时间。     

二次互补性移植联合地西他滨治疗幼年型粒单核细胞白血病1例

目的探讨单倍体+无关不全相合脐血互补性移植联合地西他滨治疗幼年型粒单细胞白血病(JMML)的安全性和有效性。方法 4岁患儿采用单纯地西他滨治疗后[20mg/(m~2·d)×5d为1个疗程,共2疗程,间隔4周]桥接第一次母亲单倍体(5/10)+无关脐血(7/10)互补移植,植入失败后50d改用第二次同胞单倍体(5/10)+第二份无关脐血(7/10)互补移植进行挽救;移植预处理方案以Cy+Flu+BU为基础,使用PT-Cy并序贯MMF、FK506、CsA组合的预防GVHD方案;移植后继续使用地西他滨[5～10mg/(m~2·d)×5d]4个疗程(疗程间间隔4～6周)作为维持治疗,以清除"免疫逃逸"之白血病瘤细胞。结果随访时间15个月,第一次移植后+45d发生原发性植入失败;二次移植为独立脐血植入,粒细胞植入时间为二次移植后的+71d,血小板植入时间为+105d,第二次移植后20天并发重度aGVHD(肠道3级,皮肤2级),给予静脉FK506+MMF+MP抗GVHD治疗后均得到控制,未发生慢性GVHD。移植后使用地西他滨期间未见明显肝肾毒性,未发生严重骨髓抑制(粒细胞大于0.5G/L)。6个月后逐渐停服免疫抑制剂,无病存活至今。结论单倍体+无关不全相合脐血互补移植联合地西他滨治疗JMML是安全有效的,移植前适当的化疗对于HLA不全相合的移植而言可能是必要的。     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗粘多糖病I型1例报告

目的：粘多糖病I型是一种进行性多器官受累的遗传代谢性疾病,Hurler综合征是粘多糖病I型的最严重类型,常导致进行性的中枢神经系统受损和早期死亡。该研究进行了异基因造血干细胞移植治疗该病的初步尝试,探讨异基因干细胞移植治疗粘多糖病的疗效。方法：1例男性粘多糖病I型Hurler综合征患者,2岁1个月,供者为其胞姐,HLA配型一个HLA-B位点不合。预处理方案为减低预处理剂量的BuCy方案马利兰(BU)每日3.7mg/kg,-9~-6d;环磷酰胺(Cy)每日42.8mg/kg,-5~-2d;抗胸腺细胞球蛋白每日3.5mg/kg,-7,-5,-3,-1d。输入重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子动员的供者CD34+细胞(12.8×106/kg),以环孢素A、骁悉、赛呢哌、抗胸腺细胞球蛋白和氨甲喋呤预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)。结果：移植后14d,短串联重复序列结合聚合酶链反应(STR-PCR)检测显示为完全供者型嵌合,中性粒细胞和血小板植活时间分别为+11d和+19d。仅出现肝、胃肠Ⅰ级预处理相关毒性,无严重预处理相关并发症。未发生急、慢性移植物抗宿主病和移植物衰竭,移植后临床症状明显改善,认知能力持续增加。结论：异基因造血干细胞移植治疗粘多糖病I型疗效肯定,减低剂量的预处理方案有利于降低预处理相关毒性;移植前后加强免疫抑制治疗,适当增加供者造血干细胞输注数量,有利于促进植入,减少移植物衰竭以及GVHD的发生。     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗儿童血液病

目的观察异基因造血干细胞移植对儿童血液病的治疗效果。方法采用异基因造血干细胞移植治疗15例儿童血液病,其中非血缘脐血移植9例,同胞脐血移植3例,同胞外周血干细胞移植2例,同胞骨髓移植1例。采用马利兰/环磷酰胺(BU/CY)或环磷酰胺/全身照射(CY/TBI)为基础的预处理的方案。结果14例患儿植入成功,白细胞的植入时间各组间差异无统计学意义;脐血移植血小板的植入时间较骨髓或外周血延迟(P<0.05)。主要并发症为CMV感染和复发,11例患儿生存,其中10例无病存活(占66.7%),存活最长时间为6年。Kaplan-meier生存曲线提示:1年生存率为76.6%,预计5年生存率为57.4%。结论脐血移植具有GVHD轻且较容易控制、搜寻时间短等优点,对儿童患者具有广泛的应用前景。     

Related donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Fanconi anemia without radiation: a single center experience in Turkey

Abstract:  Eight children with FA underwent allogeneic HSCT without using irradiation for the conditioning regimen. Patients received two different conditioning regimens: first two patients received BU 1.5 mg/kg/day for four days and CY 10 mg/kg/day for four days and the other regimen was: Flu 30 mg/m²/day for five days, CY 10 mg/kg/day for two days, and ATG-Fresenius 9–10 mg/kg/day for four days. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of CsA + MTX for the first two patients and only CsA for the others. All patients received HLA-identical stem cells from related donors. Primary engraftment was demonstrated in all patients. No patient developed acute GVHD and one patient had chronic GVHD. Only one patient who received BU based regimen died because of VOD. Overall, seven patients (87.5%) are alive with stable full donor chimerism at a median follow-up time of 2.5 yr (range: 1.7–8.9 yr). None of the patients developed secondary malignancy. Based on our data, we conclude that Flu-based, non-irradiation conditioning regimen was safe with low organ toxicity and stable engraftment in FA patients undergoing HSCT from matched related donors.     

Unrelated cord blood transplantation in children with severe congenital neutropenia

Abstract:  SCN is an inherited hematological disorder with severe neutropenia and recurrent infections. Although there are some reports that recombinant rhG-CSF improves clinical outcome, allogeneic HSCT appears to be the only curative treatment for these patients. We report here two children with SCN successfully treated by CBT from unrelated donors. They were refractory to rhG-CSF treatment and have no identical family donor. Bu + CY were given as conditioning. Case 1 and Case 2 received 6/6 and 5/6 HLA-matched unrelated umbilical cord blood, respectively. The number of infused nucleated cells was 6, 18 × 10⁷/kg and CD34⁺  cell number was 3, 74 × 10⁵/kg in Case 1. Those cell numbers were 8, 8 × 10⁷/kg and 5, 34 × 10⁵/kg for Case 2, respectively. Neutrophil/platelet engraftments were 45/49 days in Case 1 and 24/36 days in Case 2. Grade II cutaneous acute GVHD was seen in Case 2 that was treated successfully with prednisolone. Both patients are well with normal hematological findings and full donor chimerism for post-transplant 20 and 24 months, respectively. We conclude that UCB can be considered as a safe source of stem cell in patients with SCN who need urgent HSCT.     

Bone marrow transplantation from matched related donors for patients with Fanconi anemia using low-dose busulfan and cyclophosphamide as conditioning

Seventeen patients with Fanconi anemia (FA) underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from matched related donors (MRD) between January 1999 and June 2003. Median age at BMT was 11 years. Conditioning regimen consisted of low-dose cyclophosphamide (CY; 40 mg/kg) and busulfan (BU; 6 mg/kg) with the addition of lymphoglobulin (20 mg/kg) in two patients. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis included cyclosporine A (CsA) and methotrexate (MTX; 5 mg/m(2) at day 1, 3, 6). All patients engrafted (for an absolute neutrophil count >0.5 x 10(9)/L) after a median time of 12 days (range 10-16 days). Fourteen patients (82%) had sustained grafts, whereas three others (18%) rejected grafts between day +39 and +80 after transplantation. Two of them are still alive after successful second PBSC transplantation and one died. Acute and chronic GVHD occurred in 23% and 13% of patients, respectively. With a median follow-up of 16 months (range 3-53 months), survival rate was 72% and Karnofsky score was at least 90%. The low-dose BU/CY regimen, in FA patients allografted from an HLA-matched related donor, allowed engraftment with relative low toxicity. Early graft failure (GF) remains a problem and may require modification of this regimen.     

Unrelated cord blood transplantation in children with sickle cell disease: review of four-center experience

UCBT was performed in seven children with SCD and stroke (HLA match 4/6 n=5; 5/6 n=2). Four received myeloablative regimens (BU, CY, ATG plus FLU in one patient). One had primary graft failure, three had sustained engraftment, two with grade III-IV GVHD (one died, one developed chronic GVHD), one with stable mixed chimerism. Three patients treated with reduced-intensity regimens (FLU, BU or CY, ATG, TLI) failed to engraft; one engrafted after second UCBT (HU, TT, RXA, ALZ, TBI). Four patients (57%) developed viral infections. Engraftment, GVHD, and infection remain challenges.     

Haploidentical stem cell transplantation as a salvage therapy for cord blood engraftment failure in a patient with Fanconi anemia

A 7‐year‐old male with Fanconi Anemia who developed primary graft failure following one antigen‐mismatched unrelated cord blood transplantation and a nonradiation‐based conditioning, underwent a second hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from his 2‐loci mismatched haploidentical father, using a nonradiation‐based regimen, 79 days after the first HSCT. A sustained hematological engraftment was achieved at 9 days post‐second HSCT. At 15 months post‐second HSCT; the patient demonstrated normal blood counts, sustained donor chimerism, and no evidence of GVHD. Haploidentical HSCTs as primary or secondary sources of stem cells, with appropriate T‐cell depletion, may be a readily available option in the absence of HLA‐matched related or unrelated donors. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:580–582. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Umbilical cord-blood transplantations from unrelated donors in patients with inherited metabolic diseases: Single-institute experience

Abstract:  We evaluated the feasibility of UCBT from unrelated donors and a myeloablative preparative regimen that did not involve anti-thymocyte globulin in five children with lysosomal and peroxisomal diseases. Patients with MPS II (n = 1), adrenoleukodystrophy (n = 1), metachromatic leukodystrophy (n = 2), and Krabbe disease (n = 1) received UCBT between December 2001 and September 2005. All patients received oral Bu (600 mg/m²), CY (200 mg/kg IV), and fludarabine (180 mg/m² IV). Prophylaxis for GVHD consisted of a combination of tacrolimus and a short methotrexate course. Neutrophil engraftment occurred a median of 24 days (range, 21–25) after transplantation. None had graft rejection. One patient developed grade III acute GVHD and the other four patients had grade I acute GVHD; none had extensive chronic GVHD. One patient developed hemorrhagic cystitis. There were no treatment-related deaths. Although one child with MPS II died of PTLD 10 months after the UCBT, four of the five children are alive 14, 20, 31, and 55 months after transplantation with complete donor chimerism. These results suggest the feasibility of the UCBT with Bu, fludarabine, and CY-preparative regimen for patients with inherited metabolic diseases.     

Cyclophosphamide-Based In Vivo T-Cell Depletion for HLA-Haploidentical Transplantation in Fanconi Anemia

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only known cure for patients with Fanconi anemia (FA) who develop aplasia or leukemia. However, transplant regimens typically contain high-dose alkylators, which are poorly tolerated in FA patients. Furthermore, as many patients lack human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched family donors, alternative donors are used, which can increase the risk of both graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). To improve on these three concerns, we developed a multi-institutional clinical trial using a fludarabine (FLU)-based conditioning regimen with limited alkylators/low-dose radiation, HLA-haploidentical marrow, followed by reduced-dose cyclophosphamide (CY) to treat three FA patients with aplasia. All three patients engrafted with 100% donor CD3 chimerism at 1 month. One patient died early from disseminated toxoplasmosis infection. Of the two survivors, one had significant pretransplant co-morbidities and inadequate immunosuppression, and developed severe acute GVHD. The other patient had only mild acute and no chronic GVHD. With a follow-up of 2 and 3 years, respectively, both patients are doing well, are transfusion-independent, and maintain full donor chimerism. The patient with severe GVHD has resolving oral GVHD and good quality of life. We conclude that using low-intensity conditioning, HLA-haploidentical marrow, and reduced-dose CY for in vivo T-cell depletion can correct life-threatening aplasia in FA patients.