上消化道黏膜病变病理诊断结果分析

目的 探讨上消化道黏膜病变的病理类型和临床特点的关系,为临床诊治该病提供参考依据。方法 回顾性分析 2014 年1 月~2018 年 12 月我院收集的 9659 例上消化道黏膜活检病理诊断结果,观察胃炎、息肉、溃疡和肿瘤病变与年龄、性别、幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染情况的关系。结果 ①胃炎:不同年龄段慢性炎症、萎缩、肠化、上皮内瘤变人数比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。女性慢性炎症轻度和中度人数高于男性,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;不同性别萎缩、肠化、上皮内瘤变人数比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;慢性炎症、萎缩、肠化、上皮内瘤变不同严重程度 Hp（+）人数高于 Hp（-）,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。②息肉;不同年龄段胃息肉、贲门息肉、食道息肉病变人数比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05)。女性胃息肉、食道息肉人数高于男性,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;不同性别贲门息肉、十二指肠息肉人数比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。胃息肉、贲门息肉不同类型 Hp（+）人数高于 Hp（-）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;食道息肉、十二指肠息肉 HP 感染人数比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。③溃疡和肿瘤病变:不同年龄段胃溃疡、胃癌、食管癌人数比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;不同年龄段贲门溃疡人数比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。男性胃溃疡、食道溃疡、贲门溃疡、胃癌、食管癌人数高于女性,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。胃溃疡、食道溃疡、贲门溃疡、胃癌、食管癌Hp（+）人数高于Hp（-）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 轻度慢性胃炎好发于青中年性、息肉、溃疡、肿瘤病变好发于中老年人,轻度慢性胃炎、息肉病变好发于女性,溃疡和肿瘤病变好发于男性,胃炎相关病变、息肉、溃疡、肿瘤与 Hp 感染密切相关。     

Endoscopic findings in upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients at Lacor hospital,northern Uganda

Background

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common emergency medical condition that may require hospitalization and resuscitation, and results in high patient morbidity. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the preferred investigative procedure for UGIB because of its accuracy, low rate of complication, and its potential for therapeutic interventions.

Objective

To determine the endoscopic findings in patients presenting with UGIB and its frequency among these patients according to gender and age in Lacor hospital, northern Uganda.

Methods

The study was carried out at Lacor hospital, located at northern part of Uganda. The record of 224 patients who underwent endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal bleeding over a period of 5 years between January 2006 and December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

A total of 224 patients had endoscopy for UGIB which consisted of 113 (50.4%) males and 111 (49.6%) females, and the mean age was 42 years ± SD 15.88. The commonest cause of UGIB was esophagealvarices consisting of 40.6%, followed by esophagitis (14.7%), gastritis (12.6%) and peptic ulcer disease (duodenal and gastric ulcers) was 6.2%. The malignant conditions (gastric and esophageal cancers) contributed to 2.6%. Other less frequent causes of UGIB were hiatus hernia (1.8), duodenitis (0.9%), others-gastric polyp (0.4%). Normal endoscopic finding was 16.1% in patients who had UGIB

Conclusions

Esophageal varices are the commonest cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in this environment as compared to the west which is mainly peptic ulcer disease.     

The diagnostic upper GI endoscopy camp: a pilot for enhancing service provision and training in eastern Uganda

BackgroundUpper gastrointestinal (UGI) symptoms are common in East Africa but there is limited diagnostic endoscopy availability. Surgical camps are a recognised method of providing intensive service provision and training. We describe a novel application of the camp model for diagnostic UGI endoscopy in eastern Uganda.MethodsA 7-day camp took place in an existing endoscopy department of Mbale Regional Referral Hospital. Patients with symptoms warranting investigation were invited for free diagnostic UGI endoscopy, biopsy and H.pylori testing.Results148 patients underwent endoscopy. 47 were deemed to have significant pathology, 7 with malignancy. 61% had H.Pylori. A resident surgeon was trained and performed 55 supervised unassisted procedures.ConclusionOur pilot has illustrated that camps are a safe and efficient way of providing intense endoscopy service and training in an established department. Camps can be utilised for scaling up much needed endoscopy services and training in low- and middle-income countries.     

儿童上消化道出血与幽门螺杆菌感染的关系

目的研究儿童上消化道出血与幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori,Hp）感染之间的关系。方法对98例上消化道出血患儿组和65例非上消化道出血患儿组同时用13C-尿素呼气试验（13C-UBT）和采用ELISA法测定血清Hp抗体来判断Hp感染情况,所有患儿均行电子胃镜检查。结果上消化道出血患儿组和非上消化道出血患儿组的Hp阳性率分别为59.18%、18.46%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）。结论儿童上消化道出血与幽门螺杆菌感染有密切关系。     

幽门螺杆菌感染与老年人上消化道疾病关系的临床研究

目的通过长期随访临床观察幽门螺杆菌（Helicobcter pylori,Hp）相关胃炎易继发消化性溃疡和胃癌。Hp感染率有随着年龄增长而升高的趋势,阐明Hp与老人上消化道疾病的关系。方法620例均为门诊和住院患者,按年龄分为老年组≥60岁272例,其中男180例,女92例,中位年龄65岁;青壮年组〈60岁348例,其中男213例,女135例,中位年龄36岁。上消化道疾病诊断：患者在电子胃镜下肉眼观察其胃和十二指肠粘膜,并在病变部位取材活检,送病理检查,以确定疾病性质（诊断）。Hp检测方法：采用^14C尿素呼气试验方法。患者于胃镜检查结束后或在上午空腹时接受试验。结果620例患者中Hp阳性371例,阳性率60%。其中老年组Hp阳性率为66.2%（180/272）,明显高于青壮年的54.9%（191/348）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。老年组慢性胃炎和胃溃疡Hp阳性率为66.4%及75.6%,均高于青壮年组的43.9%和41.0%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。老年组胃溃疡及胃癌患病率高于青壮年组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或〈0.01）。结论通过研究提示Hp感染在老年慢性胃炎和胃溃疡发病学上,具有比青壮年更大的重要性。同时,支持年龄与Hp成正相关的观点,说明Hp感染与上消化道疾病的发病关系密切。     

Frequency of oligosymptomatic gastrointestinal tract diseases and its relation to insulin-like growth factor I in idiopathic (non-GH-deficient) short stature children

IntroductionThere is a discussion about growth hormone therapy in idiopathic short stature (ISS) children. To diagnose ISS, it is necessary to exclude other diseases; gastrointestinal tract diseases (GIDs) are among them. However, GID symptoms may be scarce. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of unexpected oligosymptomatic GIDs in ISS and assess their influence on auxological parameters and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentration.Material and methodsThe analysis included 101 children with ISS and 95 controls. All patients were tested for celiac disease (CD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), lactose malabsorption (LM), cystic fibrosis (CF), Helicobacter pylori (HP) and Ascaris sp. (Asc) infections, as well as Candida albicans (Calb) colonization, by applying simple blood and stool tests and gastrofiberoscopy.ResultsIn 75.2% of short children, one or more than one GIDs listed above were diagnosed, with the highest frequency of: Calb (46.5%), LM (33.7%), HP (24.7%) and/or Asc (21.8%). The incidence of GIDs was significantly higher than in the control group. The GID frequency increases with the age of children. In most ISS children, the IGF-I SDS was below –1.0 and it was the lowest in children with HP (p < 0.05).ConclusionsHigh frequency of unexpected oligosymptomatic GIDs in children diagnosed with ISS indicates the need to search for gastrointestinal (GI) causes in each case of short stature in children. The pathomechanisms responsible for short stature in these cases may vary, although it seems that reduced production of IGF-I plays an important role.     

幽门螺杆菌感染与肝硬化门脉高压性胃病伴出血的相关性研究

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori,HP）感染与肝硬化门脉高压性胃病（portal hypertensive gastropathy,PHG）及其并发上消化道出血的关系。方法对115例肝硬化门脉高压性胃病患者（其中55例并发上消化道出血）的临床特征进行总结分析。结果 PHG组患者的HP感染率为30.4%,显著低于慢性胃炎组47.7%（P〈0.05）;HP在轻型PHG组的阳性率是38.2%,略高于重型PHG组的25.9%,但差异无统计学意义;未发现HP感染与上消化道出血的发生及严重程度的相关性;随着肝功能的恶化,HP感染率显著降低（P〈0.05）,且PHG并上消化道出血的发生率显著升高（P〈0.01）。结论 PHG不能为HP提供赖以生存和繁殖的内环境;HP感染与PHG及其并发上消化道出血的发生和严重程度没有明显的相关性,故不必把根除幽门螺杆菌作为对PHG及并发上消化道出血患者的常规处理措施;肝功能与PHG及出血并发症的显著相关性提示一切有损于肝功能的因素均需给予重视并进行严格的统计分析。     

Pseudoallergic reactions in chronic urticaria are associated with altered gastroduodenal permeability

BACKGROUND: In a subgroup of patients with chronic urticaria (CU) the disease is caused by pseudoallergic reactions to food. The aim of this study was to investigate whether disturbances of the gastrointestinal barrier function play a role in the pathomechanism of the disease. METHODS: In 55 patients with CU gastrointestinal permeability was measured with an in vivo triple-sugar-test before and after 24 days of a diet low in pseudoallergens. Sucrose served as marker for gastroduodenal permeability, lactulose/mannitol ratio for intestinal permeability. RESULTS: Basal gastroduodenal and intestinal permeability were significantly higher in patients with urticaria as compared to controls. In 29 of the 55 patients skin symptoms decreased or completely disappeared during the diet (responders). Compared to nonresponders (n = 26), responders had a significantly higher gastroduodenal permeability before treatment (0.36 +/- 0.04 vs 0.15 +/- 0.01% sucrose; P < 0.001), which decreased after the diet (0.17 +/- 0.02; P < 0.001). The number of patients with Helicobacter pylori infections did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that in a subgroup of patients with CU and pseudoallergy an impaired gastroduodenal barrier function may be of pathophysiological importance. The underlying mechanisms seem to be independent of H. pylori infection.     

肝硬化上消化道出血的输血治疗进展

肝硬化患者常见并发症有上消化道出血,因凝血功能障碍、血小板数量减少及功能异常而易致止血困难,引起失血性休克,甚至死亡。临床医师可通过输注新鲜冰冻血浆、冷沉淀及血小板改善凝血功能、促进止血,并输注红细胞悬液提高携氧能力。合理输血可以提高治疗效果,缩短住院时间,减少不良反应发生率及死亡率。目前国内外对肝硬化上消化道出血的输血启动阈值、输血剂量尚存争议,近年仍在不断研究和探讨,本文现对近年相关研究进行综述,以制定科学的输血治疗方案。     

幽门螺杆菌感染对消化性溃疡患者胃肠动力及胃肠激素的影响

为探讨幽门螺杆菌（Hp)感染对消化性溃疡患者胃肠动力及胃肠激素的影响,对85例消化性溃疡患者进行了胃肠测压和血浆胃动素（MTL）及血浆生长抑素（SS）的测定,结果显示消化性溃疡患者与正常对照组相比消化间期胃肠动力明显减低,主要表现为消化间期移行性复合运动（MMC）Ⅲ期缺失和收缩波振幅减低,血中SS水平也明显低于正常对照组;在Hp阳性和Hp阴性的两组之间胃肠动力和SS水平均无显著差异,在血中MTL水平,Hp阳性组明显高于Hp阴性组,也高于正常对照组,结果表明消化性溃疡患者存在胃肠动力障碍和胃肠激素的异常改变。Hp感染对胃肠动力和SS水平无明显影响,但可促进MTL的分泌或释放。     

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy findings in Mbale Regional Referral Hospital,Eastern Uganda: a 10-year retrospective analysis

BackgroundEndoscopy is required for formal diagnosis of many upper gastrointestinal (UGI) conditions including oesophageal cancer (OC). There is a paucity of data on endoscopy findings in East Africa as access to testing is challenging for patients. We describe the findings of 10 years of UGI endoscopy in Mbale Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH).MethodRecords of patients that underwent UGI endoscopy in MRRH, November 2009 – March 2019 were retrospectively analysed. Indication, macroscopic findings, histology and patient demographics were retrieved. Sub-group analyses were performed on those with a histological diagnosis of oesophageal cancer.Results833 eligible patients received single UGI procedures during the study period. Mean age was 54.8 years, range 16-93 years and 56.9% of patients were male. The main indication was dysphagia (42%) and the most common findings OC (34%) and gastritis (28%). 151 patients had histologically proven OC with a median age of 60 years and a 2:1 male to female ratio. 145/151 (96%) of samples tested revealed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).ConclusionThose undergoing endoscopy in MRRH are most commonly male patients presenting in their 5th decade with dysphagia. There is a high proportion of significant findings including gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and oesophageal cancer.     

Detection of intestinal protozoa in paediatric patients with gastrointestinal symptoms by multiplex real-time PCR

The performance of a multiplex real-time PCR for the detection of Blastocystis, Dientamoeba fragilis, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium species and Entamoeba species in faecal samples was evaluated in an observational prospective study. Paediatric patients (0–18 years) presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms and suspected of having enteroparasitic disease were included. A questionnaire on gastrointestinal symptoms and the chosen treatment was completed at the start of the study and after 6 weeks. Of 163 paediatric patients (mean age, 7.8 years), 114 (70%) had a PCR-positive faecal sample. D. fragilis was detected most frequently, in 101 patients, followed by Blastocystis in 49. In faecal samples of 47 patients, more than one protozoan was detected, mainly the combination of D. fragilis and Blastocystis. Reported gastrointestinal symptoms were abdominal pain (78%), nausea (30%), and altered bowel habits (28%). Eighty-nine of the PCR-positive patients were treated with antibiotics. A significant reduction in abdominal pain was observed both in treated and in untreated patients. This study demonstrated that multiplex real-time PCR detects a high percentage of intestinal protozoa in paediatric patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. However, interpretation and determination of the clinical relevance of a positive PCR result in this population are still difficult.     

Results of endoscopy in 35,525 patients with precancerous diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

Background: To explore the need for the high-risk and general population to undergo endoscopy and the best age for these two groups to do so. Material and Methods: Data on 35,525 patients who underwent endoscopy in the Endoscopic Center of Shanxi Cancer Hospital and associated medical group hospitals from January 2016 to December 2019 were collected. Two aspects of the high-risk and general population were analyzed retrospectively: 1. The detection rate of precancerous diseases. 2. The difference and distribution of the detection rate in different genders, different ages, and different pathologic types. Results: A total of 35,525 patients, 24,185 in the general population and 11,340 in the high-risk population, were examined by electronic gastroscopy and colonoscopy simultaneously. Of these, 20,659 were men and 14,866 were women. The detection rate of gastric diseases (gastric cancer, gastric polyp, gastric ulcer, chronic atrophic gastritis) in the general population was 9.27%, and that in the high-risk population was 25.18%. The detection rate of colonic polyps was 53.76% in the general population and 56.77% in the high-risk population. Conclusion: Both the high-risk and the general population should consider gastroscopy and colonoscopy as routine physical examination items. Routine gastroscopy is highly recommended for the high-risk population. The general population should pay close attention to their colonoscopy results. The best screening age for both populations is 40 years old and above.     

高原地区Hp相关性胃病患者血清Th1/Th2细胞因子的变化

目的 观察青海高原幽门螺杆菌(Hp)相关性胃病患者血清Th1/Th2细胞因子(IL-1β、IL-2、IL-4、IL-6 、IL-8 、TNF)水平变化,以探讨其在发病中的可能免疫致病机制.方法 用放射免疫法(RIA)测定57例慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG) 、55例消化性溃疡(PU)和35例进展期胃癌(GC)患者血清IL-1β、IL-2、IL-4、IL-6 、IL-8 、TNF的含量.比较Hp感染者三组胃病之间; Hp感染与非感染CAG之间;Hp感染CAG活动与非活动之间;Hp感染单纯CAG、IM、Dys之间;Hp感染与非感染PU之间及Hp感染与非感染GC之间血清6种细胞因子含量的差异.结果 Hp 相关性CAG和PU血清IL-4含量非常显著低于GC(P＜0.01);Hp感染与非感染CAG之间6种细胞因子含量均无差异(P＞0.05);Hp 相关性CAG活动者血清IL-4含量显著低于非活者(P＜0.05),IM和Dys均非常显著低于单纯CAG (P＜0.01),IL-2在Dys显著高于单纯CAG(P＜0.05);Hp感染PU血清IL-4非常显著低于非感染者 (P＜0.01); Hp感染GC血清 IL-β1 显著低于非感染者(P＜0.05).结论 Hp感染对本地区CAG患者血清Th1/ Th2平衡影响不大;Hp感染后IL-4分泌减少与CAG炎症活动和胃黏膜癌前病变(IM和Dys)及PU的发生密切相关,Th2弱势应答为其主要的免疫致病机制;Hp相关性进展期GC患者IL-β1分泌减少,Th1应答减弱,IL-4分泌增加,Th2应答上调,对机体具有明显的抗炎抗肿瘤和保护作用.     

Lack of association between Helicobacter pylori infection with dupA-positive strains and gastroduodenal diseases in Brazilian patients

Duodenal ulcer-promoting gene (dupA) was recently described as a new putative Helicobacter pylori virulence marker associated with an increased risk for duodenal ulcer and reduced risk for gastric carcinoma in Japan and Korea. Since differences regarding the association among H. pylori markers and H. pylori-associated diseases have been demonstrated around the world, we evaluated the presence of the gene in 482 strains from Brazilian children (34 with duodenal ulcer and 97 with gastritis) and adults (126 with duodenal ulcer, 144 with gastritis and 81 with gastric carcinoma) by PCR using the described primers and an additional set of primers based on Brazilian strain sequences. The results were confirmed by sequencing. The presence of cagA was investigated by PCR and also included in the analysis. dupA was present in 445 (92.32%) and absent in 29 (6.02%) strains. All samples from children with and without duodenal ulcer were dupA-positive (p=1.0). No association was observed among the strains from adults with gastritis (92.36%), duodenal ulcer (87.30%, p=0.30) and gastric carcinoma (87.65%, p=0.31). Conversely, cagA-positve status remained independently associated with duodenal ulcer (children: odds ratios (OR)=5.58, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=1.67–18.50; adults: OR=3.33, 95% CI=2.14–5.19) and gastric carcinoma (OR=6.58, 95% CI=3.51–12.30) in multivariate analyses. The presence of dupA was significantly higher in strains from children than in those from adults (p=0.01). In conclusion, dupA is highly frequent and not associated with H. pylori-associated diseases in both Brazilian adults and children, which points to regional differences in the distribution of the gene.     

Evaluation of the effect of presence of blood in the stomach on endoscopic diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori infection

Introduction: Presence of blood in the stomach has been thought to affect the performance of diagnostic tests used in detecting Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the stomach. This study evaluated the effect of blood on the efficacy of rapid urease test (RUT) and microscopic appearance of the biopsy after staining with Giemsa stain. Materials and Methods: Patients with bleeding oesophageal varices who met the inclusion criteria were tested for H. pylori by RUT and microscopic examination of the biopsy. A repeat endoscopy, RUT and histology were done one month following initial presentation. The performance of the diagnostic tests was evaluated with and without the presence of intraluminal blood. A combined result of the two tests, RUT and histology, carried out in presence or absence of blood for the diagnosis of H. pylori, when considered together was considered as the gold standard. Results: Thirty six patients included in the study were in the ages ranging between 15-60 years (mean age = 44.14 years ±2.1). The combination of tests at both visits showed 20/36 (55.6%) patients were positive for H. pylori. The decrease in H. pylori positivity in the presence of blood was significant for RUT (8.3% vs. 38.9%; P=0.005) and combined test (19.4% vs. 47.2%; P=0.02) but the decrease in positivity for histology (11.1% vs 30.6%) was not significant (P=0.08). In the presence of blood, the sensitivity of RUT, histology and combined tests were 15%, 20% and 35%, respectively. In the absence of blood, the sensitivity of RUT, histology and combination of tests was 70%, 55% and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Blood in the stomach significantly decreased the sensitivity of RUT, histology and the combination of both. Negative results of these tests in acute upper gastro intestinal (GI) bleeding should therefore be interpreted carefully.     

Evaluation of the applicability of the gastric carcinoma risk index for intestinal type cancer in Japanese patients infected with Helicobacter pylori

The gastric carcinoma risk index is a histological criteria to Helicobacter pylori-infected patients with a high risk of gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the applicability of this index for the intestinal-type gastric cancer in Japanese patients with H. pylori infection. In 55 patients with early intestinal-type gastric cancer and 69 control subjects, we calculated the gastric cancer risk index score by evaluating the grade of mononuclear cell (MNC) and polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) infiltration and the presence of intestinal metaplasia. The gastric cancer index score was significantly higher in patients with gastric cancer (P<0.01). The presence of intestinal metaplasia was significantly more frequent in cancer patients than in controls, while infiltration of MNCs or PMNs in the corpus was not different in the two groups. Within the gastric cancer risk index, the presence of intestinal metaplasia was the only criteria associated with the development of intestinal-type gastric cancer in Japan. The gastric cancer risk index may not be applicable to identify H. pylori-positive patients at high risk of developing intestinal-type gastric cancer in Japan. Received: 6 October 1999 / Accepted: 22 December 1999     

不同CO2压力对腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者术中应激反应及胃肠功能的影响

目的对比分析腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中不同二氧化碳(CO2)气腹压力对患者应激反应及胃肠功能的影响。方法选择2014年3月至2019年4月在四川省安岳县人民医院接受腹腔镜根治术治疗的93例直肠癌患者,根据随机数字表法将其分为低、中、高气腹压力组,每组31例。所有患者手术方式、麻醉方法、用药等均一致,术中低气腹压力组CO2气腹压力为10 mmHg,中气腹压力组为12 mmHg,高气腹压力组为15 mmHg;记录并比较3组患者气腹持续时间、术中失血量、手术时间,分别于入室时(T0)、注气针穿刺时(T1)、气腹成功建立时(T2)及放气后10 min(T3)采集患者血液样本,检测患者皮质醇、肾上腺素、血浆D-乳酸水平;记录并比较3组患者术后首次排气、排便、肠鸣音、进食等用时及术后并发症发生情况。结果各组患者手术相关指标及并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组在T1、T2、T3的皮质醇、肾上腺素、血浆D-乳酸水平均较T0升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高气腹压力组各时点皮质醇、肾上腺素水平均高于其他组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高气腹压力组胃肠功能恢复用时最长(P<0.05)。结论在10~15 mmHg的CO2气腹压力范围内均可顺利开展腹腔镜直肠癌根治术,且不会影响患者术后胃肠道功能的恢复,但随着压力的增加,患者术中应激反应加重,肠黏膜损伤情况较明显,气腹压力应以10~12 mmHg为宜。