健康素养、授权能力对初诊2型糖尿病患者自我管理能力的影响研究

目的 探索健康素养、授权能力对初诊2型糖尿病患者自我管理能力的影响，为开展糖尿病人的自我管理干预提供理论依据。方法 采用方便抽样的方法，运用自拟问卷、慢性病患者健康素养量表、糖尿病授权中文简化量表、中文版糖尿病自我管理量表对687名初诊2型糖尿病患者进行调查。采用多元线性回归模型分析健康素养、授权能力对初诊2型糖尿病患者自我管理能力的影响，并采用Bootstrap法对健康素养、授权能力及自我管理能力间的中介效应进行检验。结果 初诊2型糖尿病患者健康素养得分为(69.93±23.30)分，授权能力得分为(3.02±0.96)分，自我管理得分为(24.34±12.40)分。健康素养、授权能力和自我管理得分三个变量，两两之间呈正相关。多元线性回归结果显示，健康素养、授权能力与婚姻状况是自我管理能力的影响因素。授权能力在健康素养对自我管理的影响中发挥着部分中介效应的作用，中介效应占比10.51%。结论 在糖尿病患者的健康管理工作中，应重视提高初诊2型糖尿病患者的健康素养，授权能力和自我管理能力。     

Health literacy: addressing the health and education divide

Health literacy as a discrete form of literacy is becoming increasingly important for social, economic and health development. The positive and multiplier effects of education and general literacy on population health, particularly women's health, are well known and researched. However, a closer analysis of the current HIV/AIDS epidemics, especially in Africa, indicates a complex interface between general literacy and health literacy. While general literacy is an important determinant of health, it is not sufficient to address the major health challenges facing developing and developed societies. As a contribution to the health literacy forum in Health Promotion International, this paper reviews concepts and definitions of literacy and health literacy, and raises conceptual, measurement and strategic challenges. It proposes to develop a set of indicators to quantify health literacy using the experience gained in national literacy surveys around the world. A health literacy index could become an important composite measure of the outcome of health promotion and prevention activities, could document the health competence and capabilities of the population of a given country, community or group and relate it to a set of health, social and economic outcomes.     

Opportunities to improve maternal health literacy through antenatal education: an exploratory study.

This paper examines the concept of maternal health literacy, defined as the cognitive and social skills that determine the motivation and ability of women to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain their health and that of their children. Specifically, it investigates the feasibility of using the concept of health literacy to guide the content and process of antenatal classes. The paper reports on the results of focus groups and interviews conducted with a range of health care providers, pregnant women and new mothers to obtain different perspectives on the issues surrounding antenatal education and parenting. The results give us a realistic look at what women are learning from existing antenatal education and how it can be improved. Comparing the results from the educators and the women, the same basic issues surface. Both recognize that there are serious time limitations in antenatal classes. These limitations, combined with natural anxiety and curiosity about childbirth, generally ensure that the content of classes is confined to pregnancy and childbirth. The limitations of time are also cited as a reason for the teaching methods being heavily weighted towards the transfer of factual information, as distinct from the development of decision-making skills, and practical skills for childbirth and parenting The results indicate clearly that antenatal classes cannot possibly cover all there is to know about pregnancy, childbirth and parenting. If the purpose of antenatal classes is to improve maternal health literacy, then women need to leave a class with the skills and confidence to take a range of actions that contribute to a successful pregnancy, childbirth and early parenting. This includes knowing where to go for further information, and the ability to analyse information critically. The authors conclude that this would represent a very challenging change in orientation for both the educators and pregnant women included in this study. Work continues on the development of the tools that will be needed to support this change.     

高校大学生健康素养与健康教育

当下我国正大力实施健康中国战略,国民健康素养的提高对于实现中华民族伟大复兴的强国梦具有重要意义.高校大学生群体既是健康中国的践行者,也是引领者.通过对大学生总体健康素养水平不高,大学生体质呈下降趋势以及健康意识不强的现状进行梳理,并对存在问题的原因进行分析探讨,提出发挥健康教育在素质教育中的综合运用,加强高校健康教育教...     

健康传播中健康素养和媒介素养的教育反思

针对健康传播现状,笔者以"大卫生"和"大传播"观为框架,从媒介素养与健康素养教育角度探讨我国健康传播的健康生态营造。     

Promoting health literacy through the health education assessment project

BACKGROUND: The Council of Chief State School Officers' State Collaborative on Assessment and Student Standards Health Education Assessment Project (SCASS-HEAP) allows states to pool financial and human resources to develop effective ready-to-use health education assessment resources through a collaborative process. The purpose of this article is to describe the extensive ongoing development of the SCASS-HEAP and its benefits for important stakeholders in health and education. METHODS: A review of the products from the first decade of the SCASS-HEAP was undertaken. RESULTS: The SCASS-HEAP supports a comprehensive systems approach to helping educators focus effectively on the most important skills and issues in child and adolescent health and gives health education a place at the school reform table, providing visibility and credibility and promoting the essential links between health and learning. CONCLUSION: State education agencies and school districts can use SCASS-HEAP materials for assessment and, perhaps more importantly, to help teachers modify and improve instruction at the classroom level for increased student learning.     

天门市居民健康素养现状与健康教育需求调查

目的 了解天门市居民健康素养和健康教育需求情况,为政府制定健康相关政策提供科学依据。方法 采用分层多阶段抽样法,在全市784个行政村和42个社区随机抽取15~69岁居民1 652人进行面对面调查。结果 2016年天门市居民健康素养水平为10.41%,其中男性11.16%,女性9.15%,男女性别差异无统计学意义。25~34岁年龄组、大专/本科及以上人群、城区居民素养水平较高,分别为18.00%、21.05%、21.94%。年龄不同、居住环境不同、受教育程度不同,表现在素养水平上差异有统计学意义。主要健康问题素养水平,最高为安全与急救素养(47.46%),最低为慢性病防治素养(5.57%)。调查对象首要的健教需求是慢性病防治知识(55.87%),其次为营养膳食(53.21)和科学就医(51.33%)。结论 天门市居民健康素养水平相对较低,应当提高健康教育与健康促进工作的针对性,加强对农村居民、文化程度较低人群的干预力度。开展经常性的健康教育需求调查,创新健康教育模式和方法。     

Understanding health literacy: an expanded model

A long and yet unfinished history of investigating how individual capabilities and social processes explain or predict health indicates that poor education, low literacy, poor health and early death are strongly linked around the world. However, the complexity of those relationships is not fully understood. In this article, we propose an expanded model of health literacy characterized by four domains: fundamental literacy (reading, writing, speaking and numeracy), science literacy, civic literacy and cultural literacy. To explore the utility of this model, we examine selected pieces of the public discourse about terrorism and bioterrorism that dominated the mass media during the anthrax threat in the United States during 2001. We conclude that this model of health literacy is useful to analyze health communication, to aid in constructing more understandable and appropriate health communication, and ultimately can lead to the development of a new measure to assess health literacy skills in individuals.     

健康素养在脑卒中患者积极度与自我管理行为间的中介效应

目的 探讨脑卒中患者健康素养、患者积极度和自我管理行为的现状,明确三个变量间关系,并探讨健康素养在患者积极度与自我管理行为间的中介效应。方法 采用一般资料问卷、慢性病健康素养调查量表、患者积极度量表、脑卒中自我管理行为调查问卷对河南省4所三级甲等医院就诊的223名脑卒中患者进行调查。结果 脑卒中患者健康素养得分为（82.30±15.28）分,自我管理行为得分为（40.89±9.74）分,患者积极度得分为（45.21±11.30）分。脑卒中患者健康素养、自我管理行为与患者积极度三个变量间呈正相关（r值分别为0.622、0.479、0.457,且均P<0.01）;且健康素养在患者积极度与自我管理行为间起显著部分中介效应,中介效应占总效应的53.79%。结论 脑卒中患者健康素养、患者积极度可预测其自我管理行为,且患者积极度既可直接影响自我管理行为,也可通过健康素养间接影响自我管理行为。     

基于互联网思维主导的健康教育对社区2型糖尿病患者健康素养及自我管理能力的影响

目的探讨基于互联网思维主导的健康教育在社区2型糖尿病患者中的应用效果。方法选取成都市3个社区2型糖尿病患者102例为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为试验组54例、对照组48例。对照组给予常规健康教育,试验组联合应用基于互联网思维的健康教育。随访6个月,比较两组健康素养、自我管理能力、糖脂代谢、生活质量等指标。结果试验组社区2型糖尿病患者信息获取能力、交流互动能力、改善健康意愿、健康素养总分高于对照组(P<0.05);药物管理、饮食管理、运动管理、血糖监测、自我管理能力总分高于对照组(P<0.05);空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2h血糖(2hFBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)低于对照组(P<0.05);生理功能、心理功能、社会关系、治疗、生活质量总分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于互联网思维主导的健康教育有助于促进社区2型糖尿病患者健康素养水平及自我管理能力的养成,对于控制糖脂代谢水平、改善患者生活质量,有积极的应用价值。     

Health literacy and the Internet: a study on the readability of Australian online health information

Objective: Almost 80% of Australian Internet users seek out health information online so the readability of this information is important. This study aimed to evaluate the readability of Australian online health information and determine if it matches the average reading level of Australians. Methods: Two hundred and fifty‐one web pages with information on 12 common health conditions were identified across sectors. Readability was assessed by the Flesch‐Kincaid (F‐K), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) formulas, with grade 8 adopted as the average Australian reading level. Results: The average reading grade measured by F‐K and SMOG was 10.54 and 12.12 respectively. The mean FRE was 47.54, a ‘difficult‐to‐read’ score. Only 0.4% of web pages were written at or below grade 8 according to SMOG. Information on dementia was the most difficult to read overall, while obesity was the most difficult among government websites. Conclusions and implications: The findings suggest that the readability of Australian health websites is above the average Australian levels of reading. A quantifiable guideline is needed to ensure online health information accommodates the reading needs of the general public to effectively use the Internet as an enabler of health literacy.     

江苏省城乡居民健康素养水平变化情况分析

目的动态监测与分析江苏省城乡居民健康素养水平,提出提高人群健康素养水平针对性对策。方法对江苏省15～69岁常住人口进行抽样调查,并进行标化分析。结果 2011年度江苏省健康素养总体水平为11.26%,城市高于农村,文化程度越高健康素养水平越高,<45岁年龄组高于≥45岁年龄组,其中25～34岁年龄组最高,55～65岁年龄组人群最低。2011年度居民健康素养知识正确认知度总体为63.87%。结论近年来,全省健康素养水平有所提高。应加快形成省、市、县三级健康干预和监测评估网络,动态掌握变化趋势,实现健康素养基本知识与技能干预评估工作的制度化、经常化。     

我国初中生健康素养现状及其影响因素分析

目的 探索我国初中生健康素养的现状及其影响因素。方法 采用二阶段整群抽样方法,对全国25个省、市的2 616名初中生进行问卷调查,应用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学分析。 结果 初中生健康素养在不同性别、不同教学模式、不同地域间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);初中生健康素养总体平均分76.11±8.65,健康素养及格率为35.5%,其中基本知识与理念素养及格率26.6%,健康生活方式与行为素养及格率59.2%。 结论 初中生健康素养亟待改善,而学校健康教育将是改善学生健康素养的有效途径。