会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形45例整复治疗

目的讨论、总结会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形整复治疗的经验.方法我科自1989年以来对45例会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形患者进行了整复治疗.术前强调肠道清洁和局部瘢痕清洗;术中根据瘢痕挛缩畸形的具体情况,联合采用局部皮瓣及中厚皮片移植31例,全厚皮片移植8例,单纯用局部皮瓣移植6例;术后注意保持创面的清洁干燥和进行及时有效的功能锻炼.结果患者在接受整复治疗后形态、功能均获得良好恢复,总优良率达95.5%.结论根据会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形的特殊性,重视术前准备及术后处理,合理设计、选择手术方法,才能够获得满意的治疗效果.     

会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形45例整复治疗

目的　讨论、总结会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形整复治疗的经验。方法　我科自 1989年以来对 4 5例会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形患者进行了整复治疗。术前强调肠道清洁和局部瘢痕清洗 ;术中根据瘢痕挛缩畸形的具体情况 ,联合采用局部皮瓣及中厚皮片移植 31例 ,全厚皮片移植 8例 ,单纯用局部皮瓣移植 6例 ;术后注意保持创面的清洁干燥和进行及时有效的功能锻炼。结果　患者在接受整复治疗后形态、功能均获得良好恢复 ,总优良率达 95 .5 %。结论　根据会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形的特殊性 ,重视术前准备及术后处理 ,合理设计、选择手术方法 ,才能够获得满意的治疗效果     

会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形45例整复治疗

目的 讨论、总结会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形整复治疗的经验。方法 我科自1989年以来对45例会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形患者进行了整复治疗。术前强调肠道清洁和局部瘢痕清洗；术中根据瘢痕挛缩畸形的具体情况，联合采用局部皮瓣及中厚皮片移植31例，全厚皮片移植8例，单纯用局部皮瓣移植6例；术后注意保持创面的清洁干燥和进行及时有效的功能锻炼。结果 患者在接受整复治疗后形态、功能均获得良好恢复，总优良率达95．5％。结论 根据会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形的特殊性，重视术前准备及术后处理，合理设计、选择手术方法，才能够获得满意的治疗效果。     

游离皮片移植联合瘢痕瓣治疗会阴部瘢痕挛缩的手术疗效分析

目的:观察分析游离皮片移植联合连续Z成形术治疗周围型会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形的疗效。方法:分析近5年来我院收治的16例周围型会阴部瘢痕挛缩患者,切除增厚质地硬的瘢痕组织,充分松解,使外生殖器及肛周组织充分复位,创面均用游离皮片移植联合瘢痕瓣连续Z成形术修复。结果:16例患者术后瘢痕瓣存活良好,15例患者游离皮片完全存活,仅1例少许皮片边缘坏死,定期换药,创面愈合。16例患者会阴部外观均明显改善,外生殖器及肛周组织完全复位,双下肢外展、下蹲、行走等功能明显改善。患者满意。结论:游离皮片移植联合连续Z成形术治疗会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形效果满意,是修复会阴部瘢痕简单有效的方法。     

小儿手烧伤后瘢痕畸形的综合治疗经验

目的:总结56例小儿手烧伤后及早进行瘢痕畸形修复的综合治疗经验。方法:2006年8月～2010年12月对56例(67只手)烧伤后2～6个月手畸形患儿,在气管插管全身麻醉下手术,采用瘢痕松解或切除植皮、局部"Z"成形或"V-Y"皮瓣转移推进、皮瓣修复。术后即进行抗瘢痕挛缩的康复训练。结果:38例患儿移植皮片全部存活;10例患儿移植皮片表皮有少许脱落;6例患儿移植皮片切口边缘有开裂、部分皮片坏死,经换药后愈合;2例患儿移植皮片大部分感染坏死,需再次行植皮手术。术后经过6个月康复锻炼后,手部功能优18例(20只手),功能良好25例(30只手),可7例(9只手),差6例(8只手)。结论:小儿手瘢痕畸形的治疗时间、术中细节及早期进行康复锻炼对术后的效果有很大的影响。     

手部屈曲挛缩畸形的修复

目的总结手部屈曲挛缩畸形的病因、诊断及手术治疗方法. 方法 1997年5月～2004年6月,对212例手部屈曲挛缩患者,采取切除瘢痕、彻底松解挛缩、植皮、Z字成形术或双V-Y或四边V-Y成形术、掌背动脉皮瓣移位或髂腹股沟皮瓣移位修复继发创面.其中男163例,女49例,年龄3～61岁.左手85例,右手54例,双手73例.挛缩部位:手指117例,手掌32例,手掌合并手指63例.畸形原因:烧伤及爆炸伤29例,掌腱膜挛缩127例,车祸及机器挤压伤31例,电击伤5例,术后不正确外固定14例,其它6例.病程2～24个月. 结果术后149例获随访4～30个月.1例因术后强行出院,手指远端坏死,行残端成形术;7例发生二次屈曲挛缩畸形,其中3例术后皮肤坏死瘢痕愈合,2例患儿因惧怕疼痛功能锻炼欠佳,2例断层皮片移植者皮片挛缩;其余患者疗效满意. 结论明确挛缩病因及程度,选择合适的手术时机,彻底松解挛缩,正确的修复方法及术后早期、有效的功能锻炼,是取得良好疗效的重要因素.     

利用皮片移植及皮瓣转移修复会阴部烧伤后瘢痕挛缩畸形

目的:探讨修复烧伤后会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形的手术方法。方法:对1990年以来收治的38例会阴部烧伤后瘢痕挛缩畸形患者行瘢痕切除松解,21例患者单纯中厚或全厚植皮,4例患者单纯局部皮瓣转移修复,13例患者皮瓣转移配合植皮修复。结果:1例皮瓣尖端2cm坏死,2例部分皮瓣色暗紫,2例植皮部分成活欠佳,经换药及对症处理痊愈,余均疗效满意。结论:皮片移植及皮瓣转移为治疗会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形的较好手术方法。     

口周瘢痕畸形皮瓣皮片联合移植修复

目的探讨口周瘢痕所致畸形的皮瓣、皮片联合移植修复方法.方法运用口周瘢痕挛缩松解、皮片移植加局部皮瓣、远位皮管等联合移植修复畸形.结果 19例烧伤后口周瘢痕畸形患者术后功能及外观均较满意.结论对于口周瘢痕的整复,应视瘢痕厚薄情况和所在部位,根据患者病情特点运用皮片加皮瓣法或皮管法等进行联合移植修复,可以使口周的功能和外观的修复达到完美.     

人工真皮复合自体刃厚皮片移植治疗烧伤后关节瘢痕挛缩

目的观察人工真皮复合自体刃厚皮片移植治疗烧伤后关节部位瘢痕挛缩的疗效。方法选择深度烧伤后期瘢痕严重增生挛缩造成关节畸形的患者40例,共46个关节部位。在全身麻醉下切除挛缩瘢痕,彻底松解,矫正关节畸形,先用人工真皮覆盖创面,后移植自体刃厚皮片。嘱患者早期行功能锻炼。术后随访6个月,对术后局部外形、弹性、硬度、关节功能等进行效果评价。结果所有患者利用人工真皮复合自体刃厚皮片移植后皮瓣全部成活,外形、质地及关节功能明显改善。结论人工真皮复合自体刃厚皮片移植术可用于治疗深度烧伤患者关节部位的瘢痕挛缩。     

手指瘢痕挛缩屈曲严重畸形的矫形治疗研究

[目的]探讨手指瘢痕挛缩屈曲严重畸形的矫形治疗方法。[方法]将本院2013年8月~2015年1月期间收治的46例手指瘢痕挛缩屈曲严重畸形患者纳入本次研究,共对46例患者(54只患手)实施手指瘢痕挛缩松解,并根据皮损情况采用不同厚度的皮片进行植皮,观察移植皮片成活情况。术后随访6个月,评价手指功能。[结果]46例患者54只患手移植皮片完全成活率为16.7%,成活良好率为57.4%,基本成活率为24.1%。54只患手中,1只患手移植皮片发生部分坏死,经再次植皮手术治疗后愈合。术后6个月末次随访54只患手的手指功能优良率为66.7%。[结论]掌握手指瘢痕挛缩松解技巧,选择合适的皮片进行植皮,能够有效提高患者手指外表美观度,促进手指功能恢复。     

Body composition assessment and methodology in nonathletic and athletic adolescent and adult males and females

The purpose of this review is to outline methodology for assessing body composition utilizing anthropometric and densitometric techniques. The objective of body composition assessment is to measure body fat and lean body mass. The quantity of these components varies due to growth, physical activity, dietary regimens, and aging. Anthropometric techniques incorporate selected skinfolds, circumferences, skeletal widths, or other variables to estimate body composition within k2.0-4.0%. These techniques are adequate for field testing of groups or individuals, but are population specific. Densitometry measures body volume irrespective of physique, sex, or age. This laboratory technique estimates body composition within 1.0-2.0%, is more difficult to administer, but is not population specific. Some limitation exists with any present technique due to biological variability and incomplete research of reference body composition in children, females, and the aged. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1984;5(6):336-347.     

Perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality after above-knee and below-knee amputations in diabetics and nondiabetics

We performed a retrospective review of a vascular surgery quality assurance database to evaluate the perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality of above-knee amputations (AKA, n = 234) and below-knee amputations (BKA, n = 720) and to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) (181 of AKA and 606 of BKA patients). All patients in the database who had AKA or BKA from 1990 to May 2001 were included in the study. Perioperative 30-day cardiac morbidity and mortality and 3-yr and 10-yr mortality after AKA or BKA were assessed. The effect of DM on 30-day cardiac outcome was assessed by multivariate logistic regression and the effect on long-term survival was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The perioperative cardiac event rate (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) was at least 6.8% after AKA and at most 3.6% after BKA. Median survival was significantly less after AKA (20 mo) than BKA (52 mo) (P < 0.001). DM was not a significant predictor of perioperative 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.76 [0.39-1.49]; P = 0.43) or 3-yr survival (Hazard ratio, 1.03 [0.86-1.24]; P = 0.72) but predicted 10-yr mortality (Hazard ratio, 1.34 [1.04-1.73]; P = 0.026). Significant predictors of the 30-day perioperative mortality were the site of amputation (odds ratio, 4.35 [2.56-7.14]; P < 0.001) and history of renal insufficiency (odds ratio, 2.15 [1.13-4.08]; P = 0.019). AKA should be triaged as a high-risk surgery while BKA is an intermediate-risk surgery. Long-term survival after AKA or BKA is poor, regardless of the presence of DM.     

Postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: guidelines for prevention and treatment

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) causes patient discomfort, lowers patient satisfaction, and increases care requirements. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) may also occur if opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of both problems. A working group was established in accordance with the charter of the Sociedad Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación. The group undertook the critical appraisal of articles relevant to the management of PONV and OINV in adults and children early and late in the perioperative period. Discussions led to recommendations, summarized as follows: 1) Risk for PONV should be assessed in all patients undergoing surgery; 2 easy-to-use scales are useful for risk assessment: the Apfel scale for adults and the Eberhart scale for children. 2) Measures to reduce baseline risk should be used for adults at moderate or high risk and all children. 3) Pharmacologic prophylaxis with 1 drug is useful for patients at low risk (Apfel or Eberhart 1) who are to receive general anesthesia; patients with higher levels of risk should receive prophylaxis with 2 or more drugs and baseline risk should be reduced (multimodal approach). 4) Dexamethasone, droperidol, and ondansetron (or other setrons) have similar levels of efficacy; drug choice should be made based on individual patient factors. 5) The drug prescribed for treating PONV should preferably be different from the one used for prophylaxis; ondansetron is the most effective drug for treating PONV. 6) Risk for PONV should be assessed before discharge after outpatient surgery or on the ward for hospitalized patients; there is no evidence that late preventive strategies are effective. 7) The drug of choice for preventing OINV is droperidol.